B3U1 1.抽象名词具体化 beauty  n  ① [U] 美；美丽： 泛指“美”，是不可数名词 the beauty of the sunset 夕阳之美 inner beauty 内在美 beauty products 美容产品 ② [C] 美人；美好的事物：指具体 的“美的人或事物”，是可数名词 He regarded his wife as a beauty. 他觉得自己的妻子是个美人。 Photos record the beauties of nature. 照片记录了大自然的美景。 2008 陕西 arrival  n  ① [U] & [C] 到来；到达 反 departure ：指“到达”时，既是可数名词又是不可数名词 the arrivals lounge 抵达大厅 We hope for the arrival of good news. 我们盼望着好消息的到来。 On / Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed. 一到那里，吉米就发现申请者排着长队等待面试。  ② [C] 到达者；到达物：指具体“到达”的人或事物时，是可数名词 early / late / new arrivals 早到 / 晚到 / 新到者 necessity  n  ① [U] 必要 (性)；需要：泛指“需要” ，是不可数名词 We were discussing the necessity of employing more staff. 当时我们正在讨论是否有必要雇佣更多的员工。 We took the country road out of necessity. 出于需要我们走了乡间小路。  ② [C] 必需品；必要之物：指具体的“需要之物”，是可数名词 For many Americans the automobile is a necessity.对于很多美国人来说，汽车是必需品。 sadness  n  ① [U] 悲伤；难过：泛指“悲伤；难过”时，是不可数名词 The best cure for sadness is a big smile. 治疗忧伤的最佳疗法就是开怀大笑。 ② [C] [常用复数] 使人悲伤的事：指具体的“令人悲伤的事” ，是可数名词 our joys and sadnesses 我们的欢乐和悲伤 【小结—抽象名词具体化】 不可数的抽象名词用来表示可数的人或物，这种现象被称为“抽象名词具体化”。这种情况下，名词的数和词义都发生变化。表示抽象的概念，前面不用冠词；强调具体的一个人或一件事，前面通常用不定冠词。 【常见的抽象名词具体化】  experience/ success/danger/ surprise： 【小结—Book 1 & Book 2】 词条 不可数名词 [U] 可数名词 [C] concern (B1U1) 担心；忧虑；关心 担心的事；关心的事 shock (B1U4) (精神上的) 震惊；打击 令人震惊的事 youth (B1U5) 青少年时代；青春 青年男子；小伙子 mystery (B2U1) 神秘 (性) 神秘的事物 / 人 addition (B2U5) 加法；增加 增加的人 / 物 excitement (B2U5) 兴奋；激动 令人兴奋 / 激动的事 【学后检测】 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. I truly believe that beauty comes from within. _______ 2. He is changing a job out of necessity, not because he particularly wants to. _________ 3. It was with great sadness that we learned of his death. _________ 4. We’re expecting a new arrival in the family soon._________ 二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 5. She is known as _________ great beauty. 6. Food, clothing and shelter are all basic _________ (necessity) of life. 7. It’s the journey, not the _________ (arrive), that counts. 8. He expressed his _________ (sad) about what had happened. 9. _________ arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed. 10. harvest  ■ n [C] & [U] 收获；收成；收割；成果： a good harvest 好收成 a bad / poor harvest 歉收 a rich harvest of knowledge 丰富的知识成果 基本义 ■ v ① vt & vi 收获；收割： harvest crops 收割庄稼 Striving for success without hard work is like trying to harvest where you haven’t planted. 不努力而求成功，无异于不栽种而求收获。 ②vt 采集： The stem cells are harvested from a donor. 干细胞是从一位捐献者身上采集的。 学后检测 —— 基础训练 语法填空 3. In the US, winter wheat ___________ (harvest) in the early summer. 4. This charming picture book highlights the life of a garden, from planting seeds to ___________ (harvest). 英汉互译 5. a good harvest _________ 2. harvest crops ____________ 6. 在美国，七月收割麦子。 _______________________________________________ 翻译画线部分 Researchers say firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings (兄弟姐妹). The reason for this might be that the later children aren’t getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn’t mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”. 7. belief  n ① [U] 相信；信任： I haven’t much belief in his honesty. 我不大相信他是诚实的。 ② [U] [可用单数] 信念；看法： One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child’s ability to think. 关于电视的一个传统看法是它降低了儿童的思维能力。 Many people hold a firm / strong belief that the cure for cancer will be found one day. 很多人坚信总有一天能找到治愈癌症的方法。  ③ [C] [常用复数] 信仰；信条：复数形式为beliefs religious beliefs 宗教信仰 基础训练 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Her father, who was a factory manager, filled her with a belief ___________ hard work. 2. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ___________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 3. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious ___________ (belief). Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against disasters. 根据所给提示，用belief完成下列句子。 4. One sad fact of growing up is that we all eventually _________________ (不再相信) Santa Claus. 5. _______________ (我认为) all human beings can make a difference together. 6. We ___________________ (一致认为) if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back. 7. gain ■获得，得到 a sense of gain 获得感 No pain, no gain.不劳则无获。 / 一分耕耘，一分收获。 ■(从……中) 获益；得到好处 ① Who will gain from these changes? ② We gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit. ③ There’s nothing to be gained by losing your temper. ~ (sth) from / by (doing) sth ■增加 I’ve gained a lot of weight recently. ■(钟表等)走得快 My watch gains (by) several minutes a day. 基础检测 用gain进行汉译英。 5. 获得信心 ______________ 6. 获得广泛的支持 _________________ 7. 我的表快两分钟。__________________________ 8. 最近我胖了。_______________________ 二、将下列各句中的画线部分译成汉语。 9. As American fast food gains acceptance in France, more and more French children are overweight. _______________ 10. I gained strength every time I said, “Yes, I’ll try _______________ 11. We all gained a lot from the experience. ________________________________ 能力提升 一、将下列短语或句子译成汉语。 12. gain access to the building ______________ 13. Why not give it a go? You have nothing to lose and everything to gain. _________________ 14. Andy raced towards the Nelson house, but the bees were gaining ground. ______________ 二、根据提示，用gain的相关短语替换画线部分。 15. You will never succeed unless you are fully devoted to your work. ____________ 16. In the study, we find the children gain weight during the summer. What’s the reason for the children’s ___________? 17. Sports are becoming more important in advertising on television. ________________ 18. I am sure we will both understand better the elderly in China. ______________________ 5.gather  ①vi & vt (使) 聚集；(使) 聚拢： He soon gathered a crowd round him. 他很快就招拢来一群人。 We’ll gather at the Students’ Club at 8 p.m. this Friday. 我们本周五晚上8点在学生俱乐部集合。  ②vt 搜集；采集 (collect)；[正式用语] 收 (庄稼等)： gather one’s belongings 收拾行李 information gathered from various sources 从各处搜集的信息 Bees gather honey. 蜜蜂采蜜。  ③vt 增加；vi 渐增；积聚： The train was gathering speed. 火车渐渐提速。 He gathered (up) all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. 他鼓起所有的勇气，决定去参加求职面试。  gathering n [C] 聚会；集会 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. I came up with a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. _____________ 2. By gathering regularly and sharing each other’s stories, these women formed a support group. _____________ 3. The boy went door to door and gathered more than two hundred signatures (签名) to stop the development. _____________ 4. The bicycle gathered speed as it went down the hill. _____________ 一、根据所给提示，完成下列句子。 5. Every Tuesday afternoon, they _______________ (聚在一起) to exchange their ideas on books. 6. ______________________ (围着篝火), the tourists danced with the local people. 7. However serious a problem you may have, you should ______________________ (鼓起勇气) to face the challenge. 8. _________________________ (用她搜集到的信息) in the camp she hopes to complete her project on wildlife. 二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 9. In the gathering darkness it was hard to see the ball. ____________ 10. Bruce Pederson says the idea of sharing books is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. ____________ 11. She was still trying to gather her thoughts together when the door opened. ____________ 12. All was peaceful but then I saw Kathy’s hand moved and heard the scream. Gently I gathered up the little hurt one in my arms and said “Nice, nice sweetie” and I put a candy into her mouth.____________ 13. fashion  ①[U] & [C] (服饰等的) 流行式样；最新款式： be in / out of fashion 流行 / 过时 follow / keep pace with (the) fashion 赶时髦 ② [C] (谈吐、行为等的) 时尚： Fashions in art and literature come and go. 文艺的潮流总是昙花一现。  ③[U] 时装业： a fashion show / designer 时装表演 / 设计师 in (a) … fashion 以…的方式： He behaves in a strange fashion. 他表现得很奇怪。 派生词 fashionable  adj 流行的；时髦的： fashionable clothes / ideas 时髦的衣服 / 理念 高考链接 ①Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being_______ (fashion). 表达“变得时尚” be in fashion come into fashion become fashionable start fashions keep up with fashions follow fashions wear fashions 表达“过时 / 不流行” fall out of fashion be out of fashion go out of fashion 表达“重新变得时尚 ” come back into fashion be back in fashion 基础训练 猜猜看下列句子中画线单词或词组的释义吧！ 1. School learning is a must for fashion designers. 2. My mother is 61 and she wears the latest fashions in a way she would never have done ten years ago. 3. Fashion brands are more important than well made clothing. 4. We tend to be traditional rather than fashion-forward in our designs. 5. Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters. 根据提示补全下列句子。 6. Those skirts _____________________ (重新流行了起来) this season. 7. _____________________ (好的时装设计取决于) understanding the details. 8. turn up  ①开大；调高 (音量等) 反 turn down：及物，用作turn sth up或turn up sth Turn up the radio so that I can hear the program. 把收音机音量开大些，好让我听到这个节目。  ②(人) 到达；出现 to arrive at a place：不及物，用作sb turn up He promised that he would come, but he hasn’t turned up yet. 他答应会来，但还没出现。  ③ (尤指失去后) 被发现：不及物，用作sth turn up Don’t worry about the letter — I’m sure it’ll turn up.别为那封信担心，我相信会找到的。  ④找到；发现：及物，用作turn sth up或turn up sth They searched the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. 他们搜查了厨房，检查了每一个角落，但是一无所获。 【拓展】与up有关的短语动词 小品词up 短语动词 表示完结、用完、清除干净 clear up (清理)；dry up (干涸)；eat up (吃完；耗尽)；end up (结束；告终)；finish up (以……终结)；use up (用光；耗尽) 用于某些动词之后，表示成碎片或分成几部分 break up (破碎；破裂；分解；驱散) ；cut up (切碎；割碎；剪碎)；tear up (撕碎) 小品词up 短语动词 表示由小变大 bring up (抚养)；build up (树立；逐步建立；增强)；grow up (成熟；长成；形成；发展)；hurry up (快点；赶快)；speed up (加快速度)；speak up (大声说)；turn up (开大；调高)；warm up (暖起来；兴奋起来) 表示靠近 catch up (with) (赶上)；come up (走近；靠近)；walk up (走近) 小品词up 短语动词 表示（由下）往上 get up (起床)；go up (增长)；hold up (举起；抬起；支撑；使停顿；停止下来)；look up (抬头看)；pick up (提起；拿起；得到；取回；收集)；put up (举起；抬起；提高；公布；张贴；建造；搭建)；send up (发出；射出；长出)；set up (建起；竖起)；stand up (起立) 表示合在一起 add up (把……加起来；合计)；collect up (收集) 【学后检测】 写出下列句子中turn up的汉语释义。 1.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. ____________ 2. When the sports hero turned up at our party, he was welcomed with open arms. __________ 3. Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner or later. ____________ 8.set off ①出发；动身： We ought to set off at 7:00, while the roads are empty.我们应该7点出发，趁那时路上没什么车。  ②触响（警报）；放（烟火）： Some boys are setting off fireworks in the street. 一些男孩正在街上放烟火。 The robots’ electrical systems sometimes would set off the shops’ alarms. 这些机器人的电子系统有时会触发商店的警报器。 ③引发；激发： His rude reply set off a bad feeling of me. 他无礼的答复引起了我的反感。 即学即练 根据句意，写出下列句子中set off的释义。 1. Your electronic watch control sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near. ________ 2. The police said the explosion was set off on purpose. _________ 3. Hurriedly, they packed their belongings and set off in the direction of the river. _________ 4. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott (抵制行动). _____________ 9.remind vt ①提醒 to make sb remember sth that they must do：使想起未做、必须做的事 Remind you, Jane. Take care. My wife got her purse picked at the station once. 提醒你一下，简，要当心。我妻子的钱包曾在火车站被偷过。 ① remind sb about / of: 我忘了提醒他面试的时间。_________________________________________ ② remind sb to do sth: 我们竖起一块牌子提醒人们保护树木。 __________________________________________ ③ remind sb + (that) / wh-从句： 她提醒我还没有给妈妈打电话。_________________________________________ 做点你擅长的事，要提醒自己你是多么的多才多艺。_________________________________  ②使想起 to make sb remember sb that they know or sth that happened in the past：使想起过去的人、事 remind sb of sb / sth: 比尔使他想起多年前他们初识的那一天。 ______________________________ — Brad was Jane’s brother! 布拉德是简的兄弟！ — No wonder he reminded me so much of Jane! (译)____________________________ ► reminder 令人回忆的事物；提醒者；提醒物 n [C] He placed the brochure on his desk as a reminder ________________________________ 即时检测 一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The photo will remind me ________ the days when we were together. 2. Mary, I reminded John ________ his promise to help you. 3. He stopped to remind his managers ________ (talk) with their teams about the company’s values. (2012 江苏) 4. The cottage stands proud in the Fitzroy Gardens as a ________ (remind) of life in the eighteenth century. 二、将下列句子译成英语。 1.他在床头贴上姚明的照片，提醒自己牢记梦想。___________________________________ 5. 请明天再提醒我一次开会事宜，免得我忘了。____________________________________ 6. 这幅图画使我想起了那些在逆境中成功的人。(unfavorable conditions) _________________