{ "pdf_info": [ { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 117, 90 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 78, 118, 94 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 78, 118, 94 ], "type": "text", "content": "Posix", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 113, 105 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 116, 110 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 116, 110 ], "type": "text", "content": "GNU", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 111, 132, 121 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 109, 133, 124 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 109, 133, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": "Makefile", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 124, 137 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 126, 139 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 126, 139 ], "type": "text", "content": "Cmake", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 114, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 140, 116, 155 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 140, 116, 155 ], "type": "text", "content": "Bash", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 114, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 155, 116, 172 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 155, 116, 172 ], "type": "text", "content": "Shell", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 144, 184 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 145, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 145, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "Powershell", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 110, 199 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 187, 112, 203 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 187, 112, 203 ], "type": "text", "content": "BSD", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 265, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 267, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 267, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux包括内核、系统调用、应用程序", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 163, 231 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 218, 164, 233 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 218, 164, 233 ], "type": "text", "content": "GNU GPL V2V3", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 132, 247 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 133, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 133, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "开源软件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 149, 264 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 249, 151, 266 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 249, 151, 266 ], "type": "text", "content": "Tty 终端设备", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 266, 149, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 151, 281 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 151, 281 ], "type": "text", "content": "Pty 虚拟设备", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 128, 295 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 130, 298 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 130, 298 ], "type": "text", "content": "Pts ptm", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 139, 309 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 141, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 141, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 接口", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 190, 325 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 311, 191, 328 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 311, 191, 328 ], "type": "text", "content": "终端用户 GUI/TUICLI", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 177, 342 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 179, 344 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 179, 344 ], "type": "text", "content": "程序员 system call", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 377, 262, 396 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 377, 265, 399 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 377, 265, 399 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux——操作系统介绍", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 431, 239, 555 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 431, 239, 555 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 431, 239, 555 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 431, 239, 555 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "0a519fcf88d6f52f0584df04cc94bdd1a7e1488dd602bd171a23f240a56d0d59.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 18, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 18 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 576, 154, 595 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 576, 156, 597 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 576, 156, 597 ], "type": "text", "content": "历史背景", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 632, 477, 645 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 631, 478, 646 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 631, 478, 646 ], "type": "text", "content": "贝尔实验室开发 Multics （multiplexed information and compuing service）系统，但失败", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 647, 505, 676 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 647, 506, 661 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 647, 506, 661 ], "type": "text", "content": "Ken Thompson（C 语言之父）利用汇编语言开发了 File Server System（Unics，即 UNIX 的原", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 660, 117, 678 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 660, 117, 678 ], "type": "text", "content": "型）；", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 678, 268, 691 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 678, 268, 692 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 678, 268, 692 ], "type": "text", "content": "发明了 C 语言，而后写出了 UNIX 的内核；", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 704, 499, 731 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 704, 499, 717 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 704, 499, 717 ], "type": "text", "content": "Dennis Rirchie和Ken Thompson发明了C语言，而后贝尔实验室开发了他们自己的一个操作系统", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 719, 143, 732 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 719, 143, 732 ], "type": "text", "content": "UNIX 。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 745, 245, 757 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 745, 245, 757 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 745, 245, 757 ], "type": "text", "content": "Bill Joy 修改了 UNIX 源码称为，BSD", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 0 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 437, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 438, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 438, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "UNIX 最初免费发布并因此在大学里受到欢迎。后来，UNIX 实现了 TCP/IP 协议栈。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 104, 496, 131 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 104, 496, 116 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 104, 496, 116 ], "type": "text", "content": "UNIX 开始变得商业化，它的价格也变得非常昂贵。而唯一低廉的选择就是 MINIX，这是一个功能", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 121, 217, 131 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 121, 217, 131 ], "type": "text", "content": "有限的类似 UNIX 的操作系统。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 145, 412, 157 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 144, 414, 158 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 144, 414, 158 ], "type": "text", "content": "计划开发一个比 MINIX 性能更好的操作系统，即LInux。于是开发出了Linux。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 170, 218, 181 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 169, 218, 183 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 169, 218, 183 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 是类 Unix 系统（POSIX）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 195, 114, 206 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 195, 116, 209 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 195, 116, 209 ], "type": "text", "content": "包含：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 221, 188, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 222, 188, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 222, 188, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户级接口 各种管理器", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 246, 188, 257 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 247, 187, 257 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 247, 187, 257 ], "type": "text", "content": "程序员级接口 系统调用", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 271, 318, 282 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 272, 318, 283 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 272, 318, 283 ], "type": "text", "content": "适用于多种硬件平台、分布式系统和嵌入式系统的应用", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 296, 352, 307 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 352, 309 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 352, 309 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux的内核结构是模块结构，可以动态加载，适于嵌入式系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 322, 135, 333 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 320, 136, 335 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 320, 136, 335 ], "type": "text", "content": "Kernel.org", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 347, 247, 358 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 347, 248, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 347, 248, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "内核版本 双树系统（稳定树、开发树）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 372, 232, 384 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 372, 232, 384 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 372, 232, 384 ], "type": "text", "content": "x.y.z y-偶数-稳定树 y-奇数-开发树", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 397, 220, 408 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 397, 220, 409 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 397, 220, 409 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux不是一个完整的操作系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 423, 270, 433 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 270, 433 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 270, 433 ], "type": "text", "content": "负责控制硬件设备、文件系统、进程调度等", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 448, 247, 459 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 449, 247, 459 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 449, 247, 459 ], "type": "text", "content": "不包括应用程序如编辑器/多媒体/网络", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 473, 229, 484 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 473, 229, 485 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 473, 229, 485 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux的发行版是完整的操作系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 498, 375, 509 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 498, 376, 509 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 498, 376, 509 ], "type": "text", "content": "DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD.", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 524, 132, 534 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 522, 134, 536 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 522, 134, 536 ], "type": "text", "content": "如 Ubuntu", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 599, 230, 610 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 598, 232, 611 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 598, 232, 611 ], "type": "text", "content": "GNU（GNU’S NOT UNIX）项目：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 624, 275, 634 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 621, 277, 637 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 621, 277, 637 ], "type": "text", "content": "产品：GCC、Emacs、Bash Shell、GLIBC；", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 648, 418, 660 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 648, 420, 661 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 648, 420, 661 ], "type": "text", "content": "倡导 自由软件 ；“ ” GNU 的软件缺乏一个开放的平台运行，只能在 UNIX 上运行；", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 673, 494, 685 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 673, 495, 686 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 673, 495, 686 ], "type": "text", "content": "自由软件指用户可以对软件做任何修改，甚至再发行，但是始终要挂着 GPL (GENERAL PUBLIC", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 689, 449, 701 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 689, 449, 701 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 689, 449, 701 ], "type": "text", "content": "LINCENSE)的版权；自由软件是可以卖的，但是不能只卖软件，而是卖服务、手册等；", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 715, 249, 726 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 714, 251, 727 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 714, 251, 727 ], "type": "text", "content": "GNU开发一个完全的类Unix操作系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 740, 232, 751 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 739, 233, 753 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 739, 233, 753 ], "type": "text", "content": "GNU 的内核是 Linux，GNU/Linux", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 1 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 190, 90 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 191, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 191, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "自由软件 Free Sofrware", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 105, 139, 116 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 104, 140, 116 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 104, 140, 116 ], "type": "text", "content": "基金会FSF", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 130, 137, 141 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 130, 138, 142 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 130, 138, 142 ], "type": "text", "content": "自由和免费", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 155, 223, 166 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 155, 223, 166 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 155, 223, 166 ], "type": "text", "content": "自由软件关乎权利，≠免费软件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 180, 204, 191 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 180, 204, 191 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 180, 204, 191 ], "type": "text", "content": "自由软件可以是商业化软件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 205, 492, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 205, 493, 218 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 205, 493, 218 ], "type": "text", "content": "为了避免 GNU 开发的自由软件被其它人用作专利软件，因此创建 GPL（general public lincense）", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 130, 233 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 130, 233 ], "type": "text", "content": "版权声明", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 246, 226, 257 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 245, 227, 259 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 245, 227, 259 ], "type": "text", "content": "开源软件 Open Source Software", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 271, 176, 282 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 272, 176, 282 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 272, 176, 282 ], "type": "text", "content": "是一种软件开发方法", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 223, 307 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 296, 224, 308 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 296, 224, 308 ], "type": "text", "content": "完全开放源代码、接受各种测试", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 322, 171, 333 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 322, 172, 333 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 322, 172, 333 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux也是开源软件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 347, 242, 358 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 347, 242, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 347, 242, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "MIT 开发了 GUI,成立了研发 Xfree86", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 371, 498, 398 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 372, 499, 383 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 372, 499, 383 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 本身只是操作系统的内核。内核是使其它程序能够运行的基础。它实现了多任务和硬件管理，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 387, 370, 398 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 387, 370, 398 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户或者系统管理员交互运行的所有程序实际上都运行在内核之上。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 87, 434, 227, 653 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 434, 227, 653 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 434, 227, 653 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 434, 227, 653 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "4ba8e4415c6e24e415d18508714a7954f70ddb5016e33c13e4acc25ace803787.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 12, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 12 }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 490, 718 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 672, 491, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 672, 491, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "Unix 哲学强调构建简单、紧凑、清晰、模块化且可扩展的代码，便于开发者", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 96, 704, 468, 719 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 704, 468, 719 ], "type": "text", "content": "（非原始创建者）维护和复用。该哲学推崇可组合性，而非整体式设计。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 2 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 84, 170, 103 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 83, 173, 105 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 83, 173, 105 ], "type": "text", "content": "虚拟机软件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 140, 143, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 140, 143, 153 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 140, 143, 153 ], "type": "text", "content": "虚拟机软件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 155, 168, 167 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 154, 168, 169 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 154, 168, 169 ], "type": "text", "content": "Virtual Machine", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 170, 504, 230 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 503, 183 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 503, 183 ], "type": "text", "content": "通过软件模拟的具有完整硬件系统功能的、运行在一个完全隔离环境中的完整计算机系统。", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 187, 505, 200 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 187, 505, 200 ], "type": "text", "content": "virtual box：是开源的轻量级虚拟机平台。完整安装包很小，功能相对也很精简。不能通", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 202, 505, 215 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 202, 505, 215 ], "type": "text", "content": "过文件拖拽的方式文件共享，而是通过“映射网络驱动器”的方式与主机通过共享文件夹", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 216, 138, 231 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 216, 138, 231 ], "type": "text", "content": "共享文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 233, 504, 278 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 505, 247 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 505, 247 ], "type": "text", "content": "virtual PC适合做Windows虚拟机。作为微软自已的产品，在Windows平台下使用非常", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 249, 505, 262 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 249, 505, 262 ], "type": "text", "content": "方便，占用内存小，启动快，联网方面。无需桥接、NAT等，直接作为同一子网的一台普", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 264, 294, 278 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 264, 294, 278 ], "type": "text", "content": "通计算机使用，无需任何网络设置即可上网。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 280, 504, 309 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 280, 503, 292 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 280, 503, 292 ], "type": "text", "content": "VMWare软件兼容性好，快照功能很快捷方便，适合调试极易产生蓝屏的软件和工具。可", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 296, 500, 309 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 296, 500, 309 ], "type": "text", "content": "以 虚 拟 两 块 甚 至 更 多 网 卡 ， 使 用 桥 接 Bridge 或 者 NAT 方 式 访 问 网 络 。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 311, 492, 551 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 311, 492, 551 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 311, 492, 551 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 311, 492, 551 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "f73e58b67db2b3b16663459f8f1330b3de9638cd30fe88f57765ea265078db41.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 6, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 6 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 3 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 75, 271, 253 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 75, 271, 253 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 75, 271, 253 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 75, 271, 253 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "c4cc693edd1733f45c9c7957013d135b333ada1b5e084a985479b579076f4ff2.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 278, 91, 463, 253 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 278, 91, 463, 253 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 278, 91, 463, 253 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 278, 91, 463, 253 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "ea4990f4ce5ddbc5bcc3e3f8b30815683e141672e48a936e6cf71d0e078cd762.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 1 }, { "bbox": [ 89, 258, 261, 290 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 258, 167, 268 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 256, 168, 269 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 256, 168, 269 ], "type": "text", "content": "·虚拟机名称自己输入。", "score": 0.969 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 270, 261, 290 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 270, 262, 281 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 270, 262, 281 ], "type": "text", "content": "·虚拟机位置一般选择在空间比较大的数据磁盘分区", "score": 0.988 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 92, 280, 153, 290 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 280, 153, 290 ], "type": "text", "content": "中，如D盘、E盘。", "score": 0.972 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 279, 258, 452, 296 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 280, 258, 444, 269 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 280, 258, 444, 269 ], "type": "text", "content": "·安装Cent0S7的磁盘建议不小于10GB，用于学习", "score": 0.976 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 283, 268, 384, 278 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 283, 268, 384, 278 ], "type": "text", "content": "RAID的数据盘可以设置为5GB。", "score": 0.993 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 281, 277, 452, 286 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 281, 277, 452, 286 ], "type": "text", "content": "·虚拟磁盘拆分成多个文件适合在不支持单个文件大", "score": 0.989 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 283, 285, 383, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 283, 285, 383, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "于4GB的文件系统中需要使用。", "score": 0.987 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 112, 317, 329, 345 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 109, 313, 332, 348 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 109, 313, 332, 348 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建一台新虚拟机", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 101, 365, 142, 375 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 102, 365, 143, 376 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 102, 365, 143, 376 ], "type": "text", "content": "新建虚拟机向导", "score": 0.96 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 112, 380, 164, 388 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 380, 165, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 380, 165, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "已准备好创建虚拟机", "score": 0.985 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 124, 389, 255, 396 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 387, 256, 397 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 387, 256, 397 ], "type": "text", "content": "单击完成创建虚拟机，然后开始安装CentOS764位。", "score": 0.948 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 109, 406, 174, 414 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 404, 176, 415 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 404, 176, 415 ], "type": "text", "content": "将使用下列设置创建虚拟机：", "score": 0.99 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 112, 419, 201, 426 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 418, 203, 428 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 418, 129, 428 ], "type": "text", "content": "名称：", "score": 0.955 }, { "bbox": [ 161, 418, 203, 428 ], "type": "text", "content": "CentOs764bit", "score": 0.943 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 112, 427, 204, 433 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 426, 205, 435 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 426, 129, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "位置：", "score": 0.825 }, { "bbox": [ 162, 426, 205, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "C:\\VM\\CentOS71", "score": 0.841 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 112, 434, 205, 442 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 433, 207, 444 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 433, 128, 444 ], "type": "text", "content": "版本", "score": 0.971 }, { "bbox": [ 161, 433, 207, 444 ], "type": "text", "content": "Workstation14.x", "score": 0.921 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 112, 443, 202, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 441, 204, 453 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 441, 139, 453 ], "type": "text", "content": "操作系统：", "score": 0.977 }, { "bbox": [ 161, 441, 204, 452 ], "type": "text", "content": "CentOS764位", "score": 0.917 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 112, 459, 191, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 457, 193, 468 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 457, 129, 468 ], "type": "text", "content": "硬盘：", "score": 0.972 }, { "bbox": [ 161, 457, 193, 467 ], "type": "text", "content": "20GB，拆分", "score": 0.972 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 112, 466, 184, 473 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 465, 186, 475 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 465, 129, 475 ], "type": "text", "content": "内存：", "score": 0.878 }, { "bbox": [ 160, 465, 186, 474 ], "type": "text", "content": "1024MB", "score": 0.984 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 112, 474, 174, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 472, 176, 483 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 472, 143, 483 ], "type": "text", "content": "网络适配器：", "score": 0.993 }, { "bbox": [ 161, 473, 176, 481 ], "type": "text", "content": "NAT", "score": 0.985 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 112, 482, 245, 490 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 479, 246, 491 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 479, 139, 491 ], "type": "text", "content": "其他设备：", "score": 0.962 }, { "bbox": [ 162, 481, 246, 490 ], "type": "text", "content": "CD/DVD，USB控制器，打印机，声卡", "score": 0.959 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 125, 498, 166, 507 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 497, 167, 507 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 497, 167, 507 ], "type": "text", "content": "自定义硬件（C）..", "score": 0.821 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 109, 513, 171, 522 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 513, 173, 523 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 513, 173, 523 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建后开启此虚拟机（P）", "score": 0.929 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 194, 539, 227, 548 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 246, 540, 258, 547 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 245, 539, 259, 548 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 245, 539, 259, 548 ], "type": "text", "content": "完成", "score": 0.985 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 287, 540, 299, 547 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 286, 539, 301, 548 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 286, 539, 301, 548 ], "type": "text", "content": "取消", "score": 0.98 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 331, 372, 445, 411 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 331, 372, 415, 384 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 330, 371, 417, 386 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 330, 371, 417, 386 ], "type": "text", "content": "·虚拟机的主要配置", "score": 0.98 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 332, 398, 445, 411 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 331, 398, 445, 412 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 331, 398, 445, 412 ], "type": "text", "content": "·通过自定义硬件修改配置", "score": 0.987 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 352, 421, 467, 491 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 352, 421, 427, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 351, 419, 428, 436 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 351, 419, 428, 436 ], "type": "text", "content": "·内存：调整大小", "score": 0.945 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 352, 441, 437, 453 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 351, 440, 439, 454 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 351, 440, 439, 454 ], "type": "text", "content": "·处理器：调整数量", "score": 0.975 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 352, 460, 448, 472 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 351, 459, 449, 473 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 351, 459, 449, 473 ], "type": "text", "content": "·网络：调整连接模式", "score": 0.989 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 352, 479, 467, 491 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 351, 476, 468, 493 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 351, 476, 468, 493 ], "type": "text", "content": "·其他：不需要的可以移除", "score": 0.962 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 4 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 83, 287, 105 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 81, 289, 107 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 81, 289, 107 ], "type": "text", "content": "自定义硬件—－内存", "score": 0.878 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 94, 119, 276, 270 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 119, 276, 270 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 119, 276, 270 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 119, 276, 270 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "8069ea3ae0b512643d7f2276a2f0d0f8ceca2e70f4006177ae96ecc8742a1945.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 1 }, { "bbox": [ 289, 140, 387, 198 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 289, 140, 387, 158 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 289, 139, 387, 150 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 289, 139, 387, 150 ], "type": "text", "content": "·虚拟机配置的内存就是实际", "score": 0.974 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 292, 148, 340, 158 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 292, 148, 340, 158 ], "type": "text", "content": "用的内存容量", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 289, 169, 383, 179 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 289, 168, 384, 179 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 289, 168, 384, 179 ], "type": "text", "content": "·根据原始硬件系统配置调整", "score": 0.993 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 289, 189, 376, 198 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 288, 187, 377, 200 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 288, 187, 377, 200 ], "type": "text", "content": "·建议不少于2GB，1GB也可", "score": 0.981 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 102, 293, 324, 315 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 292, 327, 317 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 292, 327, 317 ], "type": "text", "content": "自定义硬件一一处理器", "score": 0.934 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 89, 331, 286, 495 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 331, 286, 495 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 331, 286, 495 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 331, 286, 495 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "2b779ef161074c865f8e2ed7398957de48ce9094eaf3f719362bbf9656dac5c8.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 7, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 7 }, { "bbox": [ 304, 353, 376, 386 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 304, 353, 376, 364 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 304, 352, 377, 364 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 304, 352, 377, 364 ], "type": "text", "content": "·根据硬件配置设置", "score": 0.987 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 304, 375, 352, 386 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 303, 374, 354, 386 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 303, 374, 354, 386 ], "type": "text", "content": "·1CPU/2内核", "score": 0.972 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 127, 502, 368, 524 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 498, 372, 529 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 498, 372, 529 ], "type": "text", "content": "自定义硬件--网络适配器", "score": 0.949 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 115, 539, 294, 690 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 115, 539, 294, 690 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 115, 539, 294, 690 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 115, 539, 294, 690 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "11d7bede9b31bc91bcc38142f288822937f97c645c7420d08968c4674ca9235c.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 12, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 12 }, { "bbox": [ 305, 559, 425, 588 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 305, 559, 361, 568 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 304, 558, 362, 569 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 304, 558, 362, 569 ], "type": "text", "content": "·勾选启动时连接", "score": 0.952 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 305, 578, 425, 588 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 304, 577, 426, 589 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 304, 577, 426, 589 ], "type": "text", "content": "·网络连接选择桥接模式或者NAT模式", "score": 0.978 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 5 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 120, 89, 354, 117 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 117, 86, 357, 120 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 117, 86, 357, 120 ], "type": "text", "content": "安装目标和分区设置", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 101, 125, 294, 306 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 125, 294, 306 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 125, 294, 306 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 125, 294, 306 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "7f9b484fb10b23e2e20dad376e7d31bdad2f2073307c4b0f1575b8d731bd9739.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 1 }, { "bbox": [ 105, 310, 280, 338 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 310, 280, 323 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 310, 281, 324 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 310, 281, 324 ], "type": "text", "content": "·有黄色和红色提示的是需要进一步设置的", "score": 0.989 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 326, 252, 338 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 325, 252, 338 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 325, 252, 338 ], "type": "text", "content": "·图中所示是安装目标和分区的设置", "score": 0.987 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 305, 125, 499, 306 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 305, 125, 499, 306 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 305, 125, 499, 306 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 305, 125, 499, 306 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "5785f2c2b607682942e966e6aca69c2db4ce66d157148815f7a5f102b704472c.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 5, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 5 }, { "bbox": [ 309, 310, 471, 338 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 309, 310, 457, 323 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 308, 310, 457, 324 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 308, 310, 457, 324 ], "type": "text", "content": "·有自动分区和用户自定义分区两种", "score": 0.985 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 310, 326, 471, 338 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 309, 324, 473, 339 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 309, 324, 473, 339 ], "type": "text", "content": "·选择lwillconfigurepartitioning", "score": 0.973 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 113, 364, 274, 383 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 362, 276, 384 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 362, 276, 384 ], "type": "text", "content": "设置分区模式和挂载点", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 96, 392, 261, 546 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 392, 261, 546 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 392, 261, 546 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 392, 261, 546 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "3b717c769939e6009352a104a9d7bf7867b6e1d7dda5f54a1b99df9a7a1398d2.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 10, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 10 }, { "bbox": [ 100, 550, 254, 573 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 100, 550, 182, 560 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 550, 182, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 550, 182, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "·默认选择LVM分区模式", "score": 0.973 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 100, 562, 254, 573 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 561, 255, 574 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 561, 255, 574 ], "type": "text", "content": "·我们先选择使用标准分区模式（standard）", "score": 0.975 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 271, 392, 436, 546 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 271, 392, 436, 546 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 271, 392, 436, 546 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 271, 392, 436, 546 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "f4bd8a76f3cfd2f92e8effc08d10f06220963094dd3727d0c4981cd127436091.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 14, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 14 }, { "bbox": [ 274, 550, 428, 573 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 274, 550, 428, 560 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 273, 548, 429, 562 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 273, 548, 429, 562 ], "type": "text", "content": "·点击“+”按钮新建挂载点（mountpoint）", "score": 0.954 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 274, 562, 367, 573 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 274, 561, 368, 574 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 274, 561, 368, 574 ], "type": "text", "content": "·这就是在进行分区设置了", "score": 0.976 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 6 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 117, 84, 268, 104 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 115, 83, 269, 105 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 115, 83, 269, 105 ], "type": "text", "content": "设置分区和文件系统", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 100, 114, 270, 274 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 100, 114, 270, 274 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 100, 114, 270, 274 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 100, 114, 270, 274 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "8f3893e7a5be3ef3617b0bec0b424b7e6ac96d616fa2ed03a555a35ff968e38a.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 1 }, { "bbox": [ 103, 279, 250, 315 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 279, 196, 289 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 277, 198, 290 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 277, 198, 290 ], "type": "text", "content": "·设置挂载点mountpoint", "score": 0.963 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 103, 292, 192, 302 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 290, 193, 304 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 290, 193, 304 ], "type": "text", "content": "·设置分区大小capacity", "score": 0.983 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 103, 305, 250, 315 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 102, 304, 251, 316 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 102, 304, 251, 316 ], "type": "text", "content": "·容量空着不填写就是分配剩余所有容量", "score": 0.986 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 281, 114, 452, 274 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 281, 114, 452, 274 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 281, 114, 452, 274 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 281, 114, 452, 274 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "236e87da7b7e73df5e7a6020b65b66f74f3b4c19f911ab59296cf457b1031d13.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 6, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 6 }, { "bbox": [ 283, 279, 434, 315 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 283, 279, 434, 290 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 283, 278, 434, 290 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 283, 278, 434, 290 ], "type": "text", "content": "·至少设置两个分区：swap（交换）和/（根）", "score": 0.95 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 284, 292, 380, 302 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 283, 291, 381, 303 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 283, 291, 381, 303 ], "type": "text", "content": "·Swap大小与内存容量相近", "score": 0.98 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 284, 305, 380, 315 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 283, 304, 381, 316 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 283, 304, 381, 316 ], "type": "text", "content": "·根分区选择ext4文件系统", "score": 0.977 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 426, 319, 434, 325 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 110, 334, 268, 355 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 332, 270, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 332, 270, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "分区设置方案确认", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 105, 368, 264, 512 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 368, 264, 512 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 368, 264, 512 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 368, 264, 512 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "df6ee3b9d3442f4acc21317bbaa6053dfc77f16e34d74a23afd258d948c91905.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 13, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 13 }, { "bbox": [ 278, 372, 391, 429 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 278, 372, 391, 391 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 278, 372, 391, 381 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 278, 372, 391, 381 ], "type": "text", "content": "·如果有多块磁盘，可以考虑把用户", "score": 0.987 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 281, 381, 381, 390 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 281, 381, 381, 390 ], "type": "text", "content": "/home挂载点划分到单独磁盘上", "score": 0.991 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 279, 401, 387, 410 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 277, 399, 387, 411 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 277, 399, 387, 411 ], "type": "text", "content": "·还可以把启动/boot单独划分分区", "score": 0.984 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 279, 420, 377, 429 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 277, 417, 379, 431 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 277, 417, 379, 431 ], "type": "text", "content": "·左图所示是两个分区：/和swap", "score": 0.983 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 7 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 83, 263, 104 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 97, 82, 264, 105 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 97, 82, 264, 105 ], "type": "text", "content": "选择服务器软件包", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 110, 238, 255 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 238, 255 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 238, 255 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 238, 255 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "67d9e31c0e75f77def79da7570d39c90036ed63b441c8d303ddfa3d771d66aed.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 1 }, { "bbox": [ 88, 257, 223, 290 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 257, 223, 266 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 255, 224, 268 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 255, 224, 268 ], "type": "text", "content": "·生产用服务器可以考虑Minimal Install", "score": 0.975 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 269, 213, 278 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 268, 214, 279 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 268, 214, 279 ], "type": "text", "content": "·学习建议选用带有桌面管理器的环境", "score": 0.993 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 220, 290 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 221, 290 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 221, 290 ], "type": "text", "content": "·ServerwithGUI或者GNOMEDesktop", "score": 0.975 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 247, 110, 399, 253 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 247, 110, 399, 253 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 247, 110, 399, 253 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 247, 110, 399, 253 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "a3ee5eed4e61893192dfa00f0e8723cb49591a62d6147d5298c530788d80d12d.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 6, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 6 }, { "bbox": [ 249, 257, 321, 267 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 248, 255, 322, 268 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 248, 255, 322, 268 ], "type": "text", "content": "·进行软件包依赖检查", "score": 0.985 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 265, 269, 365, 278 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 264, 268, 365, 279 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 264, 268, 365, 279 ], "type": "text", "content": "checking software dependencies", "score": 0.972 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 375, 293, 383, 300 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 373, 291, 384, 301 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 373, 291, 384, 301 ], "type": "text", "content": "29", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 95, 310, 246, 330 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 309, 248, 332 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 309, 248, 332 ], "type": "text", "content": "配置网络和主机名", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 336, 370, 495 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 336, 370, 495 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 336, 370, 495 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 336, 370, 495 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "101094ec5cc8493113345e2da45eddba4ee1ace1d7f2ffa4a1a0a599661b56a1.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 11, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 11 }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 154, 512 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 500, 154, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 500, 154, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "三种网络模式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 524, 211, 538 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 522, 212, 539 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 522, 212, 539 ], "type": "text", "content": "·桥接模式（Bridged）", "score": 0.99 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 110, 539, 363, 657 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 110, 539, 363, 597 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 539, 364, 552 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 539, 364, 552 ], "type": "text", "content": "桥接模式就是将主机网卡与虚拟机虚拟的网卡利用虚", "score": 0.998 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 119, 551, 364, 563 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 551, 364, 563 ], "type": "text", "content": "拟网桥进行通信。在桥接的作用下，类似于把物理主", "score": 0.996 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 119, 562, 363, 575 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 562, 363, 575 ], "type": "text", "content": "机虚拟为一个交换机，所有桥接设置的虚拟机连接到", "score": 0.995 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 119, 573, 363, 587 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 573, 363, 587 ], "type": "text", "content": "这个交换机的一个接口上，物理主机也同样插在这个", "score": 0.993 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 119, 585, 182, 597 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 585, 182, 597 ], "type": "text", "content": "交换机当中。", "score": 0.997 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 110, 598, 363, 657 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 599, 357, 612 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 599, 357, 612 ], "type": "text", "content": "桥接模式使用vMneto。虚拟机和主机就如同插在同", "score": 0.974 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 120, 611, 358, 622 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 120, 611, 358, 622 ], "type": "text", "content": "一台交换机上的两台主机。如果路由器开启了DHCP", "score": 0.996 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 119, 621, 362, 634 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 621, 362, 634 ], "type": "text", "content": "服务，主机和虚拟机能够自动获得IP地址。否则，需", "score": 0.991 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 119, 633, 364, 645 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 633, 364, 645 ], "type": "text", "content": "要仿照主机网卡手动配置，设置一个同网段的不同的", "score": 0.996 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 119, 645, 176, 656 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 645, 176, 656 ], "type": "text", "content": "IP地址即可。", "score": 0.996 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 8 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 81, 358, 100 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 80, 359, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 80, 359, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "在桥接模式，虚拟机ip地址需要与主机在同一个网段，如果需要联网，则", "score": 0.999 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 95, 90, 214, 100 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 90, 214, 100 ], "type": "text", "content": "网关与DNS需要与主机网卡一致。", "score": 0.995 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 117, 106, 366, 269 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 117, 106, 366, 269 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 117, 106, 366, 269 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 117, 106, 366, 269 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "de9ec9cd1e50b12c0a553fa434bf4e1ee55c7bee6c31e88e4b3abc1c9ba8a3ea.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 1 }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 285, 398, 417 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 285, 398, 417 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 285, 398, 417 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 285, 398, 417 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "1f2c577c5aa91380b64876a271b2c053b5ea35ae85b1c2c3e90beb8c06b21a76.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 2, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 2 }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 423, 415, 731 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 423, 415, 731 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 423, 415, 731 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 423, 415, 731 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "e337bbb71dfd19e3dc71aa3e7d76e8f6b5c2806922c8b6df2a4fde7c058bc53a.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 3, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 3 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 9 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 74, 287, 286 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 74, 287, 286 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 74, 287, 286 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 74, 287, 286 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "55ec8f2eca97a65c1771438437ed4fc3361d14f90f6db50c383a95ca1fee9be6.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 296, 208, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 209, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 209, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "网络地址转换模式（NAT）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 312, 505, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 312, 505, 326 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 312, 505, 326 ], "type": "text", "content": "桥接模式配置简单，但如果网络环境是ip资源很缺少或对ip管理比较严格的话，那桥接模", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 328, 298, 342 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 328, 298, 342 ], "type": "text", "content": "式就不适用了。要使用vmware的NAT模式。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 91, 343, 443, 555 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 343, 443, 555 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 343, 443, 555 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 343, 443, 555 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "2bccc9986ca379d3208f97794ae09243b20745bfbedd3fad74155a86656b5b7f.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 3, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 3 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 561, 505, 591 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 563, 505, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 563, 505, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "在NAT模式中，主机网卡直接与虚拟 NAT设备相连，然后虚拟 NAT设备与虚拟DHCP服", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 578, 401, 591 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 578, 401, 591 ], "type": "text", "content": "务器一起连接在虚拟交换机VMnet8上，这样就实现了虚拟机联网。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 593, 495, 607 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 497, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 497, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "VMware Network Adapter VMnet8 虚拟网卡主要是为了实现主机与虚拟机之间的通信。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 608, 230, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 609, 229, 622 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 609, 229, 622 ], "type": "text", "content": "设置虚拟机中NAT模式的选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 624, 336, 638 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 623, 336, 640 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 623, 336, 640 ], "type": "text", "content": "打开 vmware，点击“编辑”下的“虚拟网络编辑器”", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 640, 224, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 225, 654 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 225, 654 ], "type": "text", "content": "设置NAT参数及DHCP参数。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 10 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 76, 398, 374 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 398, 374 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 398, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 398, 374 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "2b9a00a77deed2856f72a54693e08d84ec9127d250fc43d94cbe4f0fa258673d.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 374, 362, 597 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 362, 597 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 362, 597 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 362, 597 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "1094e136a3f1b7d356e21e396b3a9bd9369e0aeec7e3b7d7996c2e856fcf6819.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 1 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 11 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 75, 322, 277 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 75, 322, 277 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 75, 322, 277 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 75, 322, 277 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "a6e05baaae21f007356b392d8cd5002e26b342bae4266c45f3979b615f171865.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 277, 290, 450 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 277, 290, 450 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 277, 290, 450 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 277, 290, 450 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "ad0b83e95b6f4d0489dd7e3cd05e80a3101300f2f738c48865a255ec2f3271c1.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 1 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 471, 154, 490 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 470, 157, 493 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 470, 157, 493 ], "type": "text", "content": "学习工具", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 526, 205, 539 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 526, 205, 541 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 526, 205, 541 ], "type": "text", "content": "在线查看Linux内核代码", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 542, 337, 555 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 541, 339, 558 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 541, 339, 558 ], "type": "text", "content": "http://https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 558, 174, 571 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 556, 176, 574 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 556, 176, 574 ], "type": "text", "content": "http://lxr.linux.no", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 573, 205, 587 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 573, 205, 587 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 573, 205, 587 ], "type": "text", "content": "下载某版本内核源码文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 589, 142, 602 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 587, 143, 605 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 587, 143, 605 ], "type": "text", "content": "Kernel.org", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 604, 215, 618 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 605, 216, 618 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 605, 216, 618 ], "type": "text", "content": "解压缩到本地文件系统目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 620, 174, 634 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 620, 174, 634 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 620, 174, 634 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用工具阅读源码", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 636, 160, 649 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 635, 162, 650 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 635, 162, 650 ], "type": "text", "content": "Source insight", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 658, 163, 675 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 165, 678 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 165, 678 ], "type": "text", "content": "Vim+ctags", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 682, 493, 696 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 682, 495, 698 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 682, 495, 698 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 vim 中安装插件 ctags 后，就可以在终端方便地使用 vim 命令查看 Linux 源码内容了。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 698, 163, 712 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 697, 164, 714 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 697, 164, 714 ], "type": "text", "content": "安装 ctags 插件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 714, 202, 727 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 712, 204, 729 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 712, 204, 729 ], "type": "text", "content": "方法一：ctags 源码安装", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 729, 307, 743 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 728, 308, 746 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 728, 308, 746 ], "type": "text", "content": "方法二：安装工具 apt-get、yum、pacman 等", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 745, 174, 758 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 745, 176, 759 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 745, 176, 759 ], "type": "text", "content": "修改vim配置文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 12 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 79, 296, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 298, 94 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 298, 94 ], "type": "text", "content": "编辑 vim 配置文件 sudo vim /etc/vim/vimrc", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 95, 158, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 159, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 159, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "添加如下内容：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 110, 296, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 109, 298, 126 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 109, 298, 126 ], "type": "text", "content": "set tags=/home/stu01/src/linux-4.12/tags", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 126, 158, 137 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 126, 159, 138 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 126, 159, 138 ], "type": "text", "content": "set autochdir", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 141, 257, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 141, 257, 156 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 141, 257, 156 ], "type": "text", "content": "利用 ctags 文件查看 Linux 源码信息", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 115, 163, 194, 178 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 160, 196, 180 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 160, 196, 180 ], "type": "text", "content": "源码安装ctags", "score": 0.997 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 115, 182, 155, 192 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 181, 155, 193 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 181, 155, 193 ], "type": "text", "content": "·下载源码", "score": 0.991 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 126, 193, 275, 211 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 193, 275, 211 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 193, 275, 211 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 193, 275, 211 ], "type": "text", "content": "http://prddownloads.sourceforge.net/ctags-5.8.tar.gz \nhttp://ctags.sourceforge.net/" } ] } ], "index": 7, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 7, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 115, 212, 155, 222 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 211, 155, 222 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 211, 155, 222 ], "type": "text", "content": "·编译安装", "score": 0.99 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 125, 223, 158, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 222, 160, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 222, 160, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "./configure", "score": 0.993 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 126, 233, 143, 240 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 232, 144, 241 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 232, 144, 241 ], "type": "text", "content": "make", "score": 0.997 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 126, 241, 176, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 240, 177, 250 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 240, 177, 250 ], "type": "text", "content": "sudo make install", "score": 0.956 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 177, 225, 304, 267 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 177, 225, 304, 267 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 177, 225, 304, 267 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 177, 225, 304, 267 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "bbbfc857a4773f70bf9965b2b61aff339af564b9c87abf928cd695b61ab720c7.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 12, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 12 }, { "bbox": [ 115, 260, 154, 269 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 259, 155, 270 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 259, 155, 270 ], "type": "text", "content": "·生成索引", "score": 0.988 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 125, 270, 258, 279 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 270, 258, 279 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 270, 258, 279 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 270, 258, 279 ], "type": "text", "content": "- sudo ctags -R * //在Linux源码目录中执行" } ] } ], "index": 14, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 14, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 125, 270, 258, 297 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 280, 232, 288 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 279, 233, 289 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 279, 233, 289 ], "type": "text", "content": "·-R表示递归创建*表示所有文件", "score": 0.997 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 126, 289, 221, 297 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 288, 221, 298 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 288, 221, 298 ], "type": "text", "content": "·命令执行后生成一个tags目录", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 96, 313, 270, 328 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 313, 270, 328 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 313, 270, 328 ], "type": "text", "content": "利用ctags文件查看Linux源码信息", "score": 0.995 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 96, 339, 190, 350 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 338, 192, 352 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 338, 192, 352 ], "type": "text", "content": "· vim -t effective_prio", "score": 0.936 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 90, 353, 307, 429 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 353, 307, 429 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 353, 307, 429 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 353, 307, 429 ], "type": "text", "content": "static int effective_prio(struct task_struct \\*p) \n{ p->normal_prio " }, { "bbox": [ 90, 353, 307, 429 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "=" }, { "bbox": [ 90, 353, 307, 429 ], "type": "text", "content": " normal_prio(p); /\\* If we are RT tasks or we were boosted to RT priority, \\* keep the priority unchanged. otherwise, update priority \\* to the normal priority: /\\* if (!rt_prio(p->prio)) return p->normal_prio; return p->prio;" } ] } ], "index": 20, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 20, "sub_type": "algorithm" }, { "bbox": [ 95, 433, 296, 455 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 433, 296, 445 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 433, 296, 445 ], "type": "text", "content": "-t之后是要显示的tag，包括变量名、数据结构名", "score": 0.999 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 95, 443, 151, 455 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 443, 151, 455 ], "type": "text", "content": "和函数名等。", "score": 0.995 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 469, 117, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 119, 485 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 119, 485 ], "type": "text", "content": "Ctrl+]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 483, 494, 496 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 483, 495, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 483, 495, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "当光标处于要查看的变量名、数据结构名、函数名处时，Ctrl+]可以跳转到相应的定义处", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 499, 120, 510 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 498, 121, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 498, 121, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "Ctrl+T", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 515, 185, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 185, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 185, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "返回前一次的位置处", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 533, 99, 541 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 532, 100, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 532, 100, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "ta", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 546, 289, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 290, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 290, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "在命令模式下使用，可以显示变量等的定义", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 562, 307, 576 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 561, 308, 577 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 561, 308, 577 ], "type": "text", "content": ":ta normal_prio // 显示 normal_prio()的源码", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 577, 132, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 133, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 133, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "其他用法", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 594, 143, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 145, 609 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 145, 609 ], "type": "text", "content": "man ctags", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 609, 174, 622 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 607, 176, 625 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 607, 176, 625 ], "type": "text", "content": "Vim 中 help ctags", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 640, 181, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 183, 653 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 183, 653 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux中的软件发布", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 132, 667 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 133, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 133, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "二进制包", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 672, 111, 684 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 671, 113, 689 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 671, 113, 689 ], "type": "text", "content": "rmp", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 108, 698 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 35, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 685, 111, 701 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 685, 111, 701 ], "type": "text", "content": "deb", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 703, 121, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 36, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 123, 719 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 123, 719 ], "type": "text", "content": "源码包", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 719, 104, 729 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 37, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 719, 107, 732 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 719, 107, 732 ], "type": "text", "content": "tar", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 735, 116, 746 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 38, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 751, 104, 761 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 39, "lines": [] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 13 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 81, 104, 89 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 81, 105, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 81, 105, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "rar", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 98, 102, 152, 124 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 99, 155, 126 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 99, 155, 126 ], "type": "text", "content": "Rpm包", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 98, 145, 370, 179 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 145, 370, 162 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 142, 372, 163 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 142, 372, 163 ], "type": "text", "content": "·红帽包管理工具 (Red hat Package Manager)", "score": 0.989 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 164, 136, 179 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 97, 161, 138, 182 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 97, 161, 138, 182 ], "type": "text", "content": "·安装", "score": 0.985 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 98, 183, 304, 226 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 183, 304, 208 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 182, 302, 196 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 182, 302, 196 ], "type": "text", "content": " rpm -ivh /home/user01/zsh-5.0.2-", "score": 0.993 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 97, 194, 199, 210 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 97, 194, 199, 210 ], "type": "text", "content": " 31. e17. x86_64. rpm", "score": 0.928 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 211, 198, 226 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 211, 198, 227 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 211, 198, 227 ], "type": "text", "content": "·RPM安装常用选项：", "score": 0.963 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 112, 229, 296, 310 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 229, 251, 243 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 227, 252, 244 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 227, 252, 244 ], "type": "text", "content": "-i:安装（Install）软件。", "score": 0.979 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 113, 245, 296, 259 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 244, 296, 260 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 244, 296, 260 ], "type": "text", "content": "-U：升级（Upgrade）旧版本的软件。", "score": 0.987 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 113, 262, 268, 276 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 261, 268, 277 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 261, 268, 277 ], "type": "text", "content": "-e:移除/删除 (Erase）软件。", "score": 0.943 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 113, 279, 245, 292 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 278, 246, 293 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 278, 246, 293 ], "type": "text", "content": "- v：显示详细的处理信息。", "score": 0.978 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 113, 296, 275, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 295, 276, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 295, 276, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "-h：显示安装进度。卸载不能用", "score": 0.986 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 314, 206, 399, 277 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 314, 206, 399, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 312, 206, 400, 218 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 312, 206, 400, 218 ], "type": "text", "content": "如何查看安装的shell:", "score": 0.987 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 314, 217, 390, 227 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 312, 216, 392, 228 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 312, 216, 392, 228 ], "type": "text", "content": "#cat /etc/shells", "score": 0.995 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 314, 227, 348, 237 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 313, 227, 349, 238 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 313, 227, 349, 238 ], "type": "text", "content": "/bin/sh", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 315, 238, 357, 247 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 312, 236, 359, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 312, 236, 359, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "/bin/bash", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 315, 248, 367, 257 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 313, 246, 368, 258 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 313, 246, 368, 258 ], "type": "text", "content": "/usr/bin/sh", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 315, 258, 376, 267 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 314, 258, 377, 268 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 314, 258, 377, 268 ], "type": "text", "content": "/usr/bin/bash", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 315, 268, 353, 277 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 313, 266, 355, 279 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 313, 266, 355, 279 ], "type": "text", "content": "/bin/zsh", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 99, 340, 170, 354 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 338, 172, 355 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 338, 172, 355 ], "type": "text", "content": "·rpm-q 查询", "score": 0.938 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 113, 356, 163, 365 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 354, 164, 366 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 354, 164, 366 ], "type": "text", "content": " rpm -q zsh", "score": 0.972 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 112, 367, 220, 379 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 367, 220, 379 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 367, 220, 379 ], "type": "text", "content": "·常与下面参数组合使用", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 98, 417, 104, 423 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 417, 104, 423 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 417, 104, 423 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 417, 104, 423 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "02935e6da91fd2430156cca09e174fb52de43a966b64123620258b5da6976839.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 25, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 25 }, { "bbox": [ 118, 386, 220, 395 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 385, 220, 396 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 385, 220, 396 ], "type": "text", "content": "-a 查询所有已经安装的软件包", "score": 0.986 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 122, 396, 243, 404 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 121, 394, 245, 406 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 121, 394, 245, 406 ], "type": "text", "content": "-f查询文件所属哪个软件包，反向查询", "score": 0.975 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 121, 405, 285, 412 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 121, 404, 285, 413 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 121, 404, 285, 413 ], "type": "text", "content": "-i显示已经安装的rpm软件包信息，后面直接跟包名", "score": 0.976 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 121, 413, 226, 422 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 121, 412, 226, 423 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 121, 412, 226, 423 ], "type": "text", "content": "-|查询软件包中，文件安装的位置", "score": 0.96 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 98, 417, 295, 439 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 122, 423, 295, 430 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 121, 422, 296, 431 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 121, 422, 296, 431 ], "type": "text", "content": "-p 查询未安装软件包的相关信息,后面要跟软件的命名", "score": 0.975 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 122, 431, 198, 439 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 121, 428, 199, 441 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 121, 428, 199, 441 ], "type": "text", "content": "-R查询软件包的依赖性", "score": 0.983 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 116, 447, 229, 456 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 446, 229, 457 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 446, 229, 457 ], "type": "text", "content": "rpm -qa」grep vi#不需要后缀", "score": 0.944 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 98, 459, 346, 492 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 36, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 459, 346, 476 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 458, 347, 470 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 459, 216, 470 ], "type": "text", "content": " rpm -qf /usr/sbin/ifconfig", "score": 0.983 }, { "bbox": [ 221, 458, 347, 470 ], "type": "text", "content": "#查询ifconfig属于哪个安装包（配合", "score": 0.997 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 96, 467, 123, 477 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 467, 123, 477 ], "type": "text", "content": "which)", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 479, 141, 492 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 35, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 97, 477, 143, 494 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 97, 477, 143, 494 ], "type": "text", "content": "·卸载包", "score": 0.991 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 116, 496, 141, 505 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 37, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 115, 497, 141, 505 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 115, 497, 141, 505 ], "type": "text", "content": "rpm -e", "score": 0.987 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 146, 496, 163, 505 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 38, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 145, 493, 165, 507 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 145, 493, 165, 507 ], "type": "text", "content": "dhcp", "score": 0.996 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 171, 496, 224, 505 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 39, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 170, 495, 226, 506 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 170, 495, 226, 506 ], "type": "text", "content": "#卸载包 (包名)", "score": 0.98 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 102, 550, 194, 586 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 40, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 97, 544, 199, 591 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 97, 544, 199, 591 ], "type": "text", "content": "Deb包", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 102, 614, 456, 739 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 44, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 102, 614, 456, 640 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 41, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 613, 458, 642 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 613, 458, 642 ], "type": "text", "content": "·Debian-based系统的安装包(.exe)", "score": 0.996 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 102, 663, 438, 691 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 42, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 661, 439, 692 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 661, 439, 692 ], "type": "text", "content": "·一般是软件源repository中安装", "score": 0.997 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 103, 712, 404, 739 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 43, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 710, 406, 740 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 710, 406, 740 ], "type": "text", "content": "·有时需要下载deb包手动安装", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 333, 325, 342, 334 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 333, 325, 342, 334 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 333, 325, 342, 334 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 333, 325, 342, 334 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "446ab45bba3405b4aea38f4da2662685aaa7b1cec87e36c6bf7c6963c4bda1f9.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 45, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 45 }, { "bbox": [ 343, 327, 354, 333 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 46, "lines": [] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 14 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 89, 155, 113 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 85, 157, 116 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 85, 157, 116 ], "type": "text", "content": "Deb包", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 98, 126, 191, 145 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 127, 191, 145 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 127, 191, 145 ], "type": "text", "content": "dpkg工具安装", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 115, 153, 396, 206 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 115, 153, 396, 206 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 115, 153, 396, 206 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 115, 153, 396, 206 ], "type": "text", "content": "安装：sudo dpkg -i deb文件名 sudo dpkg --install deb文件名 \ndo dpkg -i /home/user01/teamviewer_14.5.1691_amd64.def" } ] } ], "index": 2, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 2, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "batch" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 115, 217, 298, 233 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 115, 217, 298, 233 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 115, 217, 298, 233 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 115, 217, 298, 233 ], "type": "text", "content": "- 查看安装的应用：sudo dpkg -1" } ] } ], "index": 3, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 3, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 116, 240, 319, 280 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 240, 319, 280 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 240, 319, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 240, 319, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "- 卸载：sudo dpkg -r 软件包 sudo dpkg -p 软件包" } ] } ], "index": 4, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 4, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 100, 322, 249, 340 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 106, 322, 249, 340 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 106, 322, 249, 340 ], "type": "text", "content": "apt/apt-get工具安装", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 118, 348, 395, 389 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 118, 348, 395, 389 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 118, 348, 395, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 118, 348, 395, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "- 安装：sudo apt install 软件名 sudo apt --fix-broken install" } ] } ], "index": 6, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 6, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 118, 394, 158, 411 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 391, 161, 414 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 391, 161, 414 ], "type": "text", "content": "软件名", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 189, 418, 388, 435 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 189, 418, 388, 435 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 189, 418, 388, 435 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 189, 418, 388, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "GUI下可以直接双击deb文件开始安装" } ] } ], "index": 8, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 8, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 119, 444, 395, 484 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 444, 395, 484 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 444, 395, 484 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 444, 395, 484 ], "type": "text", "content": "- 卸载：sudo apt autoremove #卸载无用的依赖 sudo apt remove 软件名 #软件包" } ] } ], "index": 9, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 9, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 98, 507, 233, 531 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 97, 505, 234, 533 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 97, 505, 234, 533 ], "type": "text", "content": "配置yum软件源", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 98, 550, 312, 566 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 550, 312, 566 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 550, 312, 566 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 550, 312, 566 ], "type": "text", "content": "- yum (yellowdog updater modified)" } ] } ], "index": 11, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 11, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 99, 569, 365, 585 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 569, 365, 585 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 569, 365, 585 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 569, 365, 585 ], "type": "text", "content": "- vim /etc/yum repos.d/Local(repo #新建源" } ] } ], "index": 12, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 12, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 99, 587, 270, 602 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 587, 270, 602 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 587, 270, 602 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 587, 270, 602 ], "type": "text", "content": "·yum clean all #清理缓存" } ] } ], "index": 13, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 13, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 99, 606, 262, 621 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 606, 262, 621 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 606, 262, 621 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 606, 262, 621 ], "type": "text", "content": "- yum -y install dhclient" } ] } ], "index": 14, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 14, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 15 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 89, 206, 118 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 87, 210, 121 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 87, 210, 121 ], "type": "text", "content": "源码安装", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 108, 141, 317, 224 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 141, 317, 159 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 140, 319, 161 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 140, 319, 161 ], "type": "text", "content": "·./configure #也可能是其他", "score": 0.977 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 108, 163, 219, 181 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 161, 222, 184 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 162, 163, 183 ], "type": "text", "content": "· make ", "score": 0.911 }, { "bbox": [ 174, 161, 222, 184 ], "type": "text", "content": "#编译", "score": 0.994 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 108, 186, 280, 203 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 183, 283, 206 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 183, 283, 206 ], "type": "text", "content": "·make install #安装", "score": 0.975 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 108, 208, 271, 224 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 206, 274, 227 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 206, 198, 226 ], "type": "text", "content": "· make clean", "score": 0.952 }, { "bbox": [ 229, 206, 274, 227 ], "type": "text", "content": "#清理", "score": 0.997 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 87, 284, 123, 302 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 282, 126, 306 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 282, 126, 306 ], "type": "text", "content": "终端", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 339, 504, 368 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 340, 505, 353 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 340, 505, 353 ], "type": "text", "content": "UNIX/Linux 本身是没有图形界面的，我们通常在 UNIX/Linux 发行版上看到的图形界面实", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 356, 296, 369 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 356, 296, 369 ], "type": "text", "content": "际都只是运行在 Linux 系统之上的一套软件，", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 370, 505, 478 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 371, 505, 385 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 371, 505, 385 ], "type": "text", "content": "而 Linux 上的这套软件以前是 XFree86，现在则是 xorg（X.Org），而这套软件又是通过", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 386, 505, 401 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 386, 505, 401 ], "type": "text", "content": "X 窗口系统（X Window System，也常被称为 X11 或 X）实现的，X 本身只是工具包及架", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 401, 505, 416 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 401, 505, 416 ], "type": "text", "content": "构协议，而 xorg 便是 X 架构规范的一个实现体，也就是说它是实现了 X 协议规范的一个", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 418, 505, 431 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 418, 505, 431 ], "type": "text", "content": "提供图形界面服务的服务器，就像实现了 http 协议提供 web 服务的 Apache 。如果只有", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 433, 506, 446 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 433, 506, 446 ], "type": "text", "content": "服务器也是不能实现一个完整的桌面环境的，当然还需要一个客户端，我们称为 X", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 450, 505, 462 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 450, 505, 462 ], "type": "text", "content": "Client，像如下 几个 大家 熟 知也 最流行 的 实 现 了 客户 端 功 能 的 桌 面 环 境 KD", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 466, 228, 477 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 466, 228, 477 ], "type": "text", "content": "E，GNOME，XFCE，LXDE 。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 107, 491, 464, 695 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 491, 464, 695 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 491, 464, 695 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 491, 464, 695 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "d1c681e1fe1a10011942116f6d5ef4328214297d2c7d5aebf7c8f6e3cd4ce017.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 9, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" }, { "bbox": [ 202, 709, 376, 723 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 202, 709, 376, 724 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 202, 709, 376, 724 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux/UNIX内核的XWindow图形架构", "score": 0.994 } ] } ], "index": 10, "angle": 0, "type": "image_caption" } ], "index": 9 }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 513, 531, 595, 692 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 513, 531, 595, 692 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 513, 531, 595, 692 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 513, 531, 595, 692 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "1a26caf02e0a3644f55cd108f01f997a7845e4fa7b6e30f255e3b6b7ee2999f6.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 11, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 11 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 16 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 85, 119, 101 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 84, 121, 104 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 84, 121, 104 ], "type": "text", "content": "终端", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 136, 504, 164 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 137, 502, 148 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 137, 502, 148 ], "type": "text", "content": "我们并不是直接利用操作系统，而是利用shell的中间程序来完成。在图形界面下为了实现让我们在", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 153, 246, 163 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 153, 246, 163 ], "type": "text", "content": "一个窗口中完成用户输入和显示输出。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 176, 503, 205 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 175, 501, 188 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 175, 501, 188 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 系统还提供了一个叫做终端模拟器的程序（Terminal）。 下面是几个比较常见的终端模拟器：", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 192, 367, 205 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 192, 367, 205 ], "type": "text", "content": "gnome-terminal，Konsole，xterm，rxvt，kvt，nxterm 和 eterm 。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 216, 424, 229 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 216, 423, 229 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 216, 423, 229 ], "type": "text", "content": "不过要注意的是这里所说的终端（Terminal）和控制台（Console）是有区别的。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 243, 314, 256 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 242, 314, 258 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 242, 314, 258 ], "type": "text", "content": "Tty 终端设备的统称 teletypewriters 电传打字机", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 258, 199, 270 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 256, 199, 273 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 256, 199, 273 ], "type": "text", "content": "现在叫终端（terminal）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 274, 196, 286 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 274, 195, 287 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 274, 195, 287 ], "type": "text", "content": "终端是一种字符型设备", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 289, 433, 302 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 290, 434, 304 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 290, 434, 304 ], "type": "text", "content": "Tty1-tty6 表示文字界面，可以用 alt+ctrl+F1~F6 切换，F7 是返回图形界面", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 305, 151, 318 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 304, 151, 320 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 304, 151, 320 ], "type": "text", "content": "Pty 虚拟终端", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 320, 504, 350 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 321, 505, 333 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 321, 505, 333 ], "type": "text", "content": "远程 telnet 连接 到主 机或 使 用 xterm 时，需要 一 个 终 端 交 互 ， 这 就 是 虚 拟 终 端", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 336, 174, 352 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 336, 174, 352 ], "type": "text", "content": "pty（pseudo-tty）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 352, 136, 364 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 350, 138, 369 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 350, 138, 369 ], "type": "text", "content": "Pts/ptmx", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 367, 504, 426 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 367, 500, 380 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 367, 500, 380 ], "type": "text", "content": "终端本质上是对应着 Linux 上的 /dev/tty 设备，Linux 的多用户登录就是通过不同的 /dev/tty 设备完", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 382, 465, 396 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 382, 465, 396 ], "type": "text", "content": "成的，Linux 默认提供了 6 个纯命令行界面的 “terminal”（准确的说这里应该是 6 个 virtual", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 398, 505, 412 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 398, 505, 412 ], "type": "text", "content": "consoles）来让用户登录。在物理机系统上你可以通过使用[Ctrl]+[Alt]+[F1]～[F6]进行切换。当", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 413, 454, 426 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 413, 364, 426 ], "type": "text", "content": "你切换到其中一个终端后想要切换回图形界面，你可以按下[Ctrl]", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 364, 416, 371, 424 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "^ +", "score": 0.52 }, { "bbox": [ 371, 413, 454, 426 ], "type": "text", "content": "[Alt]+[F7]来完成。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 439, 135, 451 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 439, 136, 452 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 439, 136, 452 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 接口", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 465, 147, 476 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 464, 149, 477 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 464, 149, 477 ], "type": "text", "content": "终端用户 GUI", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 490, 123, 500 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 490, 124, 502 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 490, 124, 502 ], "type": "text", "content": "TUI/CLI", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 515, 119, 527 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 120, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 120, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "程序员", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 540, 139, 552 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 539, 140, 554 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 539, 140, 554 ], "type": "text", "content": "System call", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 572, 505, 588 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 571, 505, 588 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 571, 505, 588 ], "type": "text", "content": "在进行目录切换的过程中请多使用Tab 键自动补全，可避免输入错误，连续按", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 624, 397, 736 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 603, 261, 618 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 602, 261, 619 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 602, 261, 619 ], "type": "text", "content": "两次Tab 可以显示全部候选结果", "score": 1.0 } ] } ], "index": 18, "angle": 0, "type": "table_caption" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 397, 736 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 397, 736 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 397, 736 ], "type": "table", "html": "
按键作用
Ctrl+d键盘输入结束或退出终端
Ctrl+c终止当前程序
按键作用
Tab键补全命令、目录、参数等
Ctrl+s暂停当前程序,暂停后按下任意键恢复运行
Ctrl+z将当前程序放到后台运行,恢复到前台为命令fg
Ctrl+a将光标移至输入行头,相当于Home键
Ctrl+e将光标移至输入行末,相当于End键
Ctrl+k删除从光标所在位置到行末
Alt+Backspace向前删除一个单词
Shift+PgUp将终端显示向上滚动
Shift+PgDn将终端显示向下滚动
Arrow up 向上键恢复之前输入过的命令
", "image_path": "632222554a3b57cb69fbf06e751c5fa3f9ce58795020d75068631e70d4dd8a29.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 19, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 19 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 17 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 86, 76, 395, 443 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 76, 395, 443 ], "lines": [], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body", "lines_deleted": true } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 88, 464, 160, 481 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 464, 162, 483 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 464, 162, 483 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令程序行", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 514, 505, 589 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 514, 505, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 514, 505, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "这个 Shell（壳）。有壳就有核，这里的核就是指 UNIX/Linux 内核，Shell 是指“提供给使用者使用", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 531, 505, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 531, 505, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "界面” 的软件（命令解析器），类似于 DOS （磁盘操作系统）下的 command（命令行）和后来的", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 505, 558 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 505, 558 ], "type": "text", "content": "cmd.exe 。普通意义上的 Shell 就是可以接受用户输入命令的程序。它之所以被称作 Shell 是因为它", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 562, 506, 574 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 562, 506, 574 ], "type": "text", "content": "隐藏了操作系统底层的细节。同样的 UNIX/Linux 下的图形用户界面 GNOME 和 KDE，有时也被叫", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 576, 209, 590 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 576, 209, 590 ], "type": "text", "content": "做 虚拟“ shell”或“ 图形 shell”。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 593, 500, 653 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 499, 604 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 499, 604 ], "type": "text", "content": "UNIX/Linux 操作系统下的 Shell 既是用户交互的界面，也是控制系统的脚本语言。当然这一点也有", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 609, 496, 620 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 609, 496, 620 ], "type": "text", "content": "别于 Windows 下的命令行，虽然该命令行也提供了很简单的控制语句。在 Windows 操作系统下，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 624, 493, 635 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 624, 493, 635 ], "type": "text", "content": "有些用户从来都不会直接使用 Shell，然而在 UNIX 系列操作系统下，Shell 仍然是控制系统启动、", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 284, 651 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 284, 651 ], "type": "text", "content": "X11 启动和很多其它实用工具的脚本解释程序。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 665, 505, 693 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 665, 505, 677 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 665, 505, 677 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 UNIX/Linux 中比较流行的常见的 Shell 有 bash、zsh、ksh、csh 等等，Ubuntu 终端默认使用的", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 681, 373, 693 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 681, 373, 693 ], "type": "text", "content": "是 bash，默认的桌面环境是 GNOME 或者 Unity（基于 GNOME）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 712, 381, 724 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 713, 381, 725 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 713, 381, 725 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 linux 中，最最重要的就是命令，这就包含了 2 个过程，输入和输出", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 735, 325, 749 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 735, 325, 751 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 735, 325, 751 ], "type": "text", "content": "linux 的哲学就是：没有结果就是最好的结果", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 18 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 85, 132, 101 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 84, 135, 105 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 84, 135, 105 ], "type": "text", "content": "通配符", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 136, 505, 164 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 136, 505, 148 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 136, 505, 148 ], "type": "text", "content": "通配符是一种特殊语句，主要有星号（*）和问号（?），用来对字符串进行模糊匹配（比", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 151, 179, 165 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 151, 179, 165 ], "type": "text", "content": "如文件名、参数名）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 167, 506, 226 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 169, 505, 179 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 169, 505, 179 ], "type": "text", "content": "终端里面输入的通配符是由 Shell 处理的，不是由所涉及的命令语句处理的，它只会出现在命令的", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 182, 505, 195 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 182, 505, 195 ], "type": "text", "content": "“ ” 参数值 里（它不能出现在命令名称里， 命令不记得，那就用 Tab补全）.总之，通配符实际上就是", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 199, 505, 210 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 199, 505, 210 ], "type": "text", "content": "一种 Shell 实现的路径扩展功能。在通配符被处理后， Shell 会先完成该命令的重组，然后继续处理", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 213, 227, 226 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 213, 227, 226 ], "type": "text", "content": "重组后的命令，直至执行该命令。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 245, 165, 257 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 245, 166, 257 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 245, 166, 257 ], "type": "text", "content": "Shell 常用通配符：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 87, 267, 347, 518 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 267, 347, 518 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 267, 347, 518 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 267, 347, 518 ], "type": "table", "html": "
字符含义
*匹配0或多个字符
?匹配任意一个字符
[list]匹配list中的任意单一字符
^[list]匹配除list中的任意单一字符以外的字符
[c1-c2]匹配c1-c2中的任意单一字符如：[0-9][a-z]
{string1, string2, .}匹配string1或string2(或更多)其一字符串
{c1..c2}匹配c1-c2中全部字符如{1..10}
", "image_path": "80086919ee614846d369f986b2ef520723a3db2eb76af4c0e257bfaa884deabd.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 4, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 4 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 538, 154, 555 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 535, 157, 559 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 535, 157, 559 ], "type": "text", "content": "帮助命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 593, 439, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 440, 606 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 279, 606 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 Linux 环境中，如果你遇到困难，可以使用", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 280, 595, 296, 604 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathfrak { m a n }", "score": 0.63 }, { "bbox": [ 296, 592, 440, 606 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令，它是 Manual pages 的缩写。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 629, 195, 645 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 629, 195, 646 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 629, 195, 646 ], "type": "text", "content": "Man command", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 679, 211, 692 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 679, 212, 693 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 679, 212, 693 ], "type": "text", "content": "Man [options] command", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 694, 480, 722 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 693, 481, 707 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 693, 481, 707 ], "type": "text", "content": "为了便于查找，man 手册被进行了分册（分区段）处理，在 Research UNIX、BSD、OS X 和", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 710, 292, 721 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 710, 292, 721 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 中，手册通常被分为 8 个区段，安排如下：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 19 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 76, 347, 343 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 347, 343 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 347, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 347, 343 ], "type": "table", "html": "
区段说明
1一般命令
2系统调用
3库函数，涵盖了C标准函数库
4特殊文件（通常是/dev中的设备）和驱动程序
5文件格式和约定
6游戏和屏保
7杂项
8系统管理命令和守护进程
9其他（Linux特定的），用来存放内核例行程序的文档。
", "image_path": "6b191c25045d909fb5fe19493805fc4a7dc8199a3f892fd0ab140627700a0597.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 368, 384, 380 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 369, 384, 380 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 369, 384, 380 ], "type": "text", "content": "要查看相应区段的内容，就在 man 后面加上相应区段的数字即可，如：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 394, 139, 405 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 394, 139, 406 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 394, 139, 406 ], "type": "text", "content": "$ man 1 ls", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 433, 501, 461 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 434, 499, 445 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 434, 499, 445 ], "type": "text", "content": "所有的手册页遵循一个常见的布局，为了通过简单的 ASCII 文本展示而被优化，而这种情况下可能", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 449, 331, 461 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 449, 331, 461 ], "type": "text", "content": "没有任何形式的高亮或字体控制。一般包括以下部分内容：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 475, 151, 486 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 474, 151, 487 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 474, 151, 487 ], "type": "text", "content": "NAME（名称）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 123, 500, 291, 512 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 501, 292, 512 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 501, 292, 512 ], "type": "text", "content": "该命令或函数的名称，接着是一行简介。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 516, 171, 528 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 171, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 171, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "SYNOPSIS（概要）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 123, 541, 468, 568 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 540, 468, 553 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 540, 468, 553 ], "type": "text", "content": "对于命令，正式的描述它如何运行，以及需要什么样的命令行参数。对于函数，介", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 124, 556, 358, 568 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 556, 358, 568 ], "type": "text", "content": "绍函数所需的参数，以及哪个头文件包含该函数的定义。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 572, 188, 584 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 572, 188, 584 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 572, 188, 584 ], "type": "text", "content": "DESCRIPTION（说明）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 123, 597, 244, 608 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 597, 244, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 597, 244, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令或函数功能的文本描述。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 613, 133, 624 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 613, 134, 624 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 613, 134, 624 ], "type": "text", "content": "OPTIONS", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 629, 327, 640 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 629, 327, 640 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 629, 327, 640 ], "type": "text", "content": "针对SYNOPSIS 部分中，有列举的所有可用的选项说明", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 645, 146, 655 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 645, 147, 655 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 645, 147, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "COMMANDS", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 660, 318, 672 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 661, 317, 671 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 661, 317, 671 ], "type": "text", "content": "当这个程序在执行的时候，可以在此程序中下达的指令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 676, 117, 686 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 676, 117, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 676, 117, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "FILES", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 691, 289, 703 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 692, 289, 703 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 692, 289, 703 ], "type": "text", "content": "这个程序或数据所使用或参考连接到的某些文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 707, 175, 718 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 706, 176, 719 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 706, 176, 719 ], "type": "text", "content": "EXAMPLES（示例）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 123, 731, 196, 743 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 731, 198, 744 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 731, 198, 744 ], "type": "text", "content": "常用的一些示例。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 747, 171, 759 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 746, 171, 760 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 746, 171, 760 ], "type": "text", "content": "SEE ALSO（参见）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 20 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 79, 224, 90 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 79, 224, 89 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 79, 224, 89 ], "type": "text", "content": "相关命令或函数的列表。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 110, 509, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 109, 506, 121 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 109, 506, 121 ], "type": "text", "content": "也可能存在其它部分内容，但这些部分没有得到跨手册页的标准化。常见的例子包括：OPTIONS", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 125, 508, 137 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 125, 508, 137 ], "type": "text", "content": "（ 选 项 ） ，EXIT STATUS（退出状态 ） ，ENVIRONMENT（环境） ，BUGS（ 程 序漏洞），", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 506, 153 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 506, 153 ], "type": "text", "content": "FILES（文件），AUTHOR（作者），REPORTING BUGS（已知漏洞），HISTORY（历史）和", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 190, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 190, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "COPYRIGHT（版权）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 188, 506, 247 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 188, 489, 199 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 188, 489, 199 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 man 中使用搜索/<你要搜索的关键字>，查找完毕后你可以使用n键切换到下一个关键字所在处，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 499, 216 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 113, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "shift", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 113, 206, 124, 214 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "+ \\Pi", "score": 0.64 }, { "bbox": [ 124, 203, 499, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "为上一个关键字所在处。使用Space（空格键）翻页，Enter（回车键）向下滚动一行，或", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 218, 506, 231 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 218, 506, 231 ], "type": "text", "content": "者使用k,j（vim 编辑器的移动键）进行向前向后滚动一行。按下h键为显示使用帮助（因为 man 使", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 337, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 337, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "用 less 作为阅读器，实为 less 工具的帮助），按下 q 退出。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 259, 502, 303 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 259, 501, 272 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 259, 501, 272 ], "type": "text", "content": "想要获得更详细的帮助，你还可以使用info命令，不过通常使用man就足够了。如果你知道某个命", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 275, 500, 287 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 275, 500, 287 ], "type": "text", "content": "令的作用，只是想快速查看一些它的某个具体参数的作用，那么你可以使用--help参数，大部分命", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 290, 200, 303 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 290, 200, 303 ], "type": "text", "content": "令都会带有这个参数，如：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 317, 143, 327 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 315, 145, 329 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 315, 145, 329 ], "type": "text", "content": "$ ls --help", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 352, 188, 368 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 352, 188, 371 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 352, 188, 371 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看版本内核号", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 402, 218, 414 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 401, 217, 416 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 401, 217, 416 ], "type": "text", "content": "第一个种方法使用 uname 命令。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 428, 502, 470 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 427, 501, 440 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 427, 501, 440 ], "type": "text", "content": "常用的选项是-a，也可以使用-r。使用-a显示信息很长，包含不仅仅内核版本，所以也可以使用-r", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 444, 502, 454 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 444, 502, 454 ], "type": "text", "content": "就是只是显示内核版本号。可以再配以-s和-m选项，显示稍微完整一些的信息，包括操作系统和硬", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 458, 143, 471 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 458, 143, 471 ], "type": "text", "content": "件系统信息。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 484, 504, 512 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 505, 496 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 505, 496 ], "type": "text", "content": "第二种方法是查看/proc下的version文件，该文件中包含内核版本信息。因为只是一个文件，所以", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 500, 348, 511 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 500, 348, 511 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用任何可以查看文件内容的方法都可以，例如使用cat命令。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 535, 208, 552 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 534, 210, 555 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 534, 210, 555 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令格式一般格式：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 602, 223, 615 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 601, 223, 618 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 601, 223, 618 ], "type": "text", "content": "cmd [options] [arguments]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 618, 116, 629 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 617, 118, 632 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 617, 118, 632 ], "type": "text", "content": "说明：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 633, 432, 646 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 632, 434, 647 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 632, 434, 647 ], "type": "text", "content": "最简单的Shell命令只有命令名，复杂的Shell命令可以有多个选项和参数。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 649, 405, 661 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 648, 406, 663 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 648, 406, 663 ], "type": "text", "content": "选项和参数都作为Shell命令执行时的输入，它们之间用空格分隔开。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 665, 171, 677 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 664, 172, 678 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 664, 172, 678 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux区分大小写", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 695, 235, 708 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 696, 235, 709 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 696, 235, 709 ], "type": "text", "content": "单字符参数前使用一个减号（-）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 711, 238, 724 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 712, 238, 724 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 712, 238, 724 ], "type": "text", "content": "单词参数前使用两个减号（--）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 727, 272, 739 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 727, 273, 740 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 727, 273, 740 ], "type": "text", "content": "多个单字符参数前可以只使用一个减号。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 742, 504, 756 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 740, 506, 758 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 740, 506, 758 ], "type": "text", "content": "操作对象（arguments）可以是文件也可以是目录，有些命令必须使用多个操作对象， 如", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 21 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 297, 92 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 298, 94 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 298, 94 ], "type": "text", "content": "cp 命令必须指定源操作对象和目标操作对象。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 95, 347, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 348, 109 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 348, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": "并非所有命令的格式都遵从以上规则，例如 dd、find 等", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 110, 503, 139 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 109, 505, 124 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 109, 505, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令在正常执行结果后返回一个 0 值，如果命令出错，则返回一个非零值 (在 shell 中可用", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 123, 157, 140 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 123, 111, 140 ], "type": "text", "content": "变量", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 111, 126, 124, 138 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 7", "score": 0.84 }, { "bbox": [ 125, 123, 157, 140 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看)。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 177, 146, 193 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 174, 148, 196 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 174, 148, 196 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令区别", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 122, 227, 468, 302 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 227, 464, 239 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 227, 464, 239 ], "type": "text", "content": "内建命令实际上是 shell 程序的一部分，其中包含的是一些比较简单的 Linux 系统", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 124, 243, 463, 255 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 243, 463, 255 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令，这些命令是写在 bash 源码的 builtins 里面的，由 shell 程序识别并在 shell", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 125, 259, 464, 270 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 259, 464, 270 ], "type": "text", "content": "程序内部完成运行，通常在 Linux 系统加载运行时 shell 就被加载并驻留在系统内", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 125, 275, 468, 285 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 275, 468, 285 ], "type": "text", "content": "存中。而且解析内部命令 shell 不需要创建子进程，因此其执行速度比外部命令快。", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 125, 290, 252, 302 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 290, 252, 302 ], "type": "text", "content": "比如：history、cd、exit 等等。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 122, 305, 468, 380 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 306, 461, 317 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 306, 461, 317 ], "type": "text", "content": "外部命令是 Linux 系统中的实用程序部分，因为实用程序的功能通常都比较强大，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 124, 321, 468, 333 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 321, 468, 333 ], "type": "text", "content": "所以其包含的程序量也会很大，在系统加载时并不随系统一起被加载到内存中，而", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 126, 338, 464, 349 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 338, 464, 349 ], "type": "text", "content": "是在需要时才将其调入内存。虽然其不包含在 shell 中，但是其命令执行过程是由", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 125, 353, 394, 364 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 353, 394, 364 ], "type": "text", "content": "shell 程序控制的。外部命令是在 Bash 之外额外安装的，通常放", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 124, 368, 366, 380 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 368, 366, 380 ], "type": "text", "content": "在/bin，/usr/bin，/sbin，/usr/sbin 等等。比如：ls、vi 等。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 123, 384, 362, 396 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 384, 362, 397 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 384, 362, 397 ], "type": "text", "content": "我们可以使用 type 命令来区分命令是内建的还是外部的。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 102, 409, 121, 419 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 102, 409, 123, 421 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 102, 409, 123, 421 ], "type": "text", "content": "Info", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 102, 424, 251, 437 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 425, 251, 437 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 425, 251, 437 ], "type": "text", "content": "与man功能相似的帮助，分页显示", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 102, 440, 209, 452 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 440, 210, 453 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 440, 210, 453 ], "type": "text", "content": "Info [optinons] command", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 101, 454, 504, 499 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 456, 505, 467 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 456, 505, 467 ], "type": "text", "content": "help 命令是用于显示 shell 内建命令的简要帮助信息。帮助信息中显示有该命令的简要说明以及", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 470, 505, 483 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 470, 505, 483 ], "type": "text", "content": "一些参数的使用以及说明，一定记住 help 命令只能用于显示内建命令的帮助信息，不然就会得", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 103, 486, 421, 500 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 486, 421, 500 ], "type": "text", "content": "到你刚刚得到的结果。其实外部命令基本上都有一个参数command —help。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 523, 139, 537 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 522, 139, 539 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 522, 139, 539 ], "type": "text", "content": "Whatis", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 571, 405, 585 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 572, 405, 586 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 572, 405, 586 ], "type": "text", "content": "查找一个存储所有相关命令信息的数据库，根据命令名返回相关结果", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 587, 338, 634 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 587, 338, 634 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 587, 338, 634 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 587, 338, 634 ], "type": "text", "content": "- Usage: whatis [options] command\n- options: 选项（常用-d|-v|-r|-w|-l）\n- command: 命令名" } ] } ], "index": 13, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 13, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 87, 669, 154, 687 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 667, 157, 690 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 667, 157, 690 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 724, 504, 753 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 725, 505, 736 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 725, 505, 736 ], "type": "text", "content": "一种不同是体现在目录与存储介质（磁盘，内存，DVD 等）的关系上，以往的 Windows 一直是以", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 741, 473, 752 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 741, 473, 752 ], "type": "text", "content": "存储介质为主的，主要以盘符（C 盘，D 盘...）及分区来实现文件管理，然后之下才是目录。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 22 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 508, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 80, 505, 91 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 80, 505, 91 ], "type": "text", "content": "然而 UNIX/Linux 恰好相反，UNIX 是以目录为主的，Linux 也继承了这一优良特性。 Linux 是以树", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 505, 106 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 505, 106 ], "type": "text", "content": "形目录结构的形式来构建整个系统的，可以理解为树形目录是一个用户可操作系统的骨架。虽然本", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 505, 122 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 505, 122 ], "type": "text", "content": "质上无论是目录结构还是操作系统内核都是存储在磁盘上的，但从逻辑上来说 Linux 的磁盘是“挂在”", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 95, 126, 504, 137 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 126, 504, 137 ], "type": "text", "content": "（挂载在）目录上的，每一个目录不仅能使用本地磁盘分区的文件系统，也可以使用网络上的文件", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 141, 505, 153 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 141, 505, 153 ], "type": "text", "content": "系统。举例来说，可以利用网络文件系统（Network File System，NFS）服务器载入某特定目录等。", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 505, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 505, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "Tip：目录是文件系统中的一个概念，因为目录本身也是文件，叫做目录文件，简称目录。在图形用", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 174, 509, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 174, 509, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "户界面中，目录被表示为文件夹。主要区别在于，文件夹是一个逻辑概念，不一定映射到物理目录。", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 314, 200 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 314, 200 ], "type": "text", "content": "目录是文件系统对象，而文件夹是图形用户界面对象。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 204, 505, 247 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 204, 505, 216 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 204, 505, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "若指代文档的容器，使用“文件夹”一词更为贴切。而“目录”一词则指代计算机上存储文档文件", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 221, 505, 231 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 221, 505, 231 ], "type": "text", "content": "和文件夹的结构化列表方式，类似于电话簿包含姓名、号码和地址的列表，但并不包含实际文档本", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 105, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 105, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "身。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 251, 332, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 332, 263 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 210, 263 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 Windows 系统中，文件夹", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 210, 253, 217, 261 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathbf { \\bar { \\mathbf { \\tau } } } = \\mathbf { \\tau } _ { \\cdot }", "score": 0.75 }, { "bbox": [ 217, 250, 263, 263 ], "type": "text", "content": "虚拟文件夹", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 263, 252, 269, 261 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "^ +", "score": 0.61 }, { "bbox": [ 270, 250, 332, 263 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统目录。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 286, 147, 303 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 283, 150, 306 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 283, 150, 306 ], "type": "text", "content": "FHS 定义", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 337, 506, 364 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 338, 505, 349 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 338, 505, 349 ], "type": "text", "content": "FHS 定义了两层规范，第一层是，/下面的各个目录应该要放什么文件数据，例如/etc 应该放置设置", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 354, 293, 364 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 354, 293, 364 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件，/bin 与/sbin 则应该放置可执行文件等等。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 368, 506, 395 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 369, 506, 380 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 369, 506, 380 ], "type": "text", "content": "第二层则是针对 /usr 及/var 这两个目录的子目录来定义。例如 /var/log 放置系统日志文件，/usr/", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 384, 198, 396 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 384, 198, 396 ], "type": "text", "content": "share 放置共享数据等等。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 396, 204, 524 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 396, 204, 524 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 396, 204, 524 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 396, 204, 524 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "5a0420fefef9e200b0d0038ac63a507d8d857db101a28ff6f1c8ed2f69eb23b0.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 6, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 6 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 539, 294, 552 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 540, 294, 552 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 540, 294, 552 ], "type": "text", "content": "将目录定义为四种交互作用的形态，如下表所示：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 567, 595, 706 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 567, 595, 706 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 567, 595, 706 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 567, 595, 706 ], "type": "table", "html": "
可分享的shareable)不可分享
不可变的(static)/usr(软件放置处)/etc(配置)
/opt(第三方软件)/boot(开)
可变动的(variable)/var/mail(用户邮件信箱)/var/run
/var/news(新闻组)/var/log
", "image_path": "7e3fec395ccd28586b338d1fc2c8fc090535d243a140909ddd2986159ffc0516.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 8, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 8 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 23 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 85, 119, 101 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 84, 121, 105 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 84, 121, 105 ], "type": "text", "content": "路径", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 136, 505, 164 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 137, 505, 148 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 137, 505, 148 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果你想进入某个具体的目录或者想获得某个目录的文件（目录本身也是文件）那就得用路径来找", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 151, 115, 165 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 151, 115, 165 ], "type": "text", "content": "到了。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 167, 506, 227 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 167, 505, 179 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 167, 505, 179 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用cd 命令可以切换目录，在 Linux 里面使用. 表示当前目录，.. 表示上一级目录（注意，我们上", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 182, 504, 195 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 182, 504, 195 ], "type": "text", "content": "一节介绍过的，以. 开头的文件都是隐藏文件，所以这两个目录必然也是隐藏的，你可以使用 ls -a", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 199, 505, 211 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 199, 505, 211 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令查看隐藏文件）, - 表示上一次所在目录，～ 通常表示当前用户的 home 目录。使用 pwd 命令", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 213, 246, 227 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 213, 246, 227 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以获取当前所在路径（绝对路径）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 230, 129, 241 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 229, 129, 243 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 229, 129, 243 ], "type": "text", "content": "绝对路径", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 245, 506, 273 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 246, 506, 257 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 246, 506, 257 ], "type": "text", "content": "关于绝对路径，简单地说就是以根\" / \"目录为起点的完整路径，以你所要到的目录为终点，表现形式", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 261, 409, 272 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 261, 409, 272 ], "type": "text", "content": "如： /usr/local/bin，表示根目录下的 usr 目录中的 local 目录中的 bin 目录。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 276, 129, 288 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 277, 129, 289 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 277, 129, 289 ], "type": "text", "content": "相对路径", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 291, 504, 383 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 292, 505, 304 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 292, 505, 304 ], "type": "text", "content": "相对路径，也就是相对于你当前的目录的路径，相对路径是以当前目录 . 为起点，以你所要到的目", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 307, 504, 318 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 307, 504, 318 ], "type": "text", "content": "录为终点，表现形式如： usr/local/bin （这里假设你当前目录为根目录）。你可能注意到，我们表", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 324, 503, 335 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 324, 503, 335 ], "type": "text", "content": "示相对路径实际并没有加上表示当前目录的那个 . ，而是直接以目录名开头，因为这个 usr 目录为/", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 339, 504, 350 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 339, 504, 350 ], "type": "text", "content": "目录下的子目录，是可以省略这个 . 的（以后会讲到一个类似不能省略的情况）；如果是当前目录", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 354, 503, 366 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 354, 503, 366 ], "type": "text", "content": "的上一级目录，则需要使用.. ，比如你当前目录为/home/shiyanlou 目录下，根目录就应该表示为", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 371, 361, 381 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 371, 361, 381 ], "type": "text", "content": "../../ ，表示上一级目录（home 目录）的上一级目录（/ 目录）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 405, 147, 422 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 404, 149, 425 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 404, 149, 425 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件类型", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 471, 151, 485 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 470, 151, 486 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 470, 151, 486 ], "type": "text", "content": "普通文件 ( - )", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 487, 132, 500 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 487, 133, 502 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 487, 133, 502 ], "type": "text", "content": "目录 ( d )", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 503, 149, 516 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 502, 151, 518 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 502, 151, 518 ], "type": "text", "content": "符号链接 ( l )", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 518, 172, 532 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 517, 174, 534 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 517, 174, 534 ], "type": "text", "content": "字符设备文件 ( c )", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 534, 163, 547 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 533, 165, 550 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 533, 165, 550 ], "type": "text", "content": "块设备文件 ( b )", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 550, 141, 563 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 548, 143, 565 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 548, 143, 565 ], "type": "text", "content": "套接字 ( s )", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 565, 152, 579 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 563, 155, 582 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 563, 155, 582 ], "type": "text", "content": "命名管道 ( p )", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 612, 407, 625 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 611, 408, 627 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 611, 408, 627 ], "type": "text", "content": "普通文件仅仅就是字节序列，Linux 并没有对其内容规定任何的结构。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 627, 504, 656 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 627, 506, 642 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 627, 240, 642 ], "type": "text", "content": "普通文件可以是程序源代码（c、", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 240, 629, 260, 640 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "{ \\mathsf { C } } ^ { + + }", "score": 0.83 }, { "bbox": [ 260, 627, 506, 642 ], "type": "text", "content": "、python、perl等）、可执行文件（文件编辑器、数", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 643, 368, 657 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 643, 368, 657 ], "type": "text", "content": "据库系统、出版工具、绘图工具等）、图片、声音、图像等。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 659, 504, 687 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 660, 505, 671 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 660, 505, 671 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 不会区别对待这些普通文件，只有处理这些文件的应用程序才会根据文件的内容赋", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 674, 157, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 674, 157, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "予相应的含义。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 690, 504, 719 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 691, 504, 703 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 691, 504, 703 ], "type": "text", "content": "在Linux环境下，只要是可执行的文件并具有可执行属性它就能执行，不管其文件名后缀", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 706, 379, 719 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 706, 379, 719 ], "type": "text", "content": "是什么。但是对一些数据文件一般也遵循一些文件名后缀规则。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 721, 504, 750 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 721, 505, 734 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 721, 505, 734 ], "type": "text", "content": "目录文件是由一组目录项组成，目录项可以是对其他文件的指向也可以是其下的子目录指", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 736, 107, 751 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 736, 107, 751 ], "type": "text", "content": "向。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 24 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 453, 92 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 79, 452, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 79, 452, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "一个文件的名称是存储在他的父目录中的，而并非同文件内容本身存储在一起。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 95, 506, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 505, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 505, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "硬连接文件实际上就是在某目录中创建目录项，从而使不止一个目录可以引用到同一个文", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 267, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 267, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "件。这种链接关系由 ln 命令行来建立。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 125, 506, 154 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 504, 138 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 504, 138 ], "type": "text", "content": "硬链接并不是一种特殊类型的文件，只是因为在文件系统中允许不止一个目录项指向同一", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 129, 156 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 129, 156 ], "type": "text", "content": "个文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 157, 506, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 158, 505, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 158, 505, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户登录后，将会进入一个系统指定的专属目录，即用户的主目录，该目录名通常为用户", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 164, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 164, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "的登录账号。如", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 188, 291, 201 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 186, 291, 204 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 186, 291, 204 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户 bigdata 的主目录为：/home/bigdata", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 203, 473, 217 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 473, 218 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 473, 218 ], "type": "text", "content": "在创建用户时，系统管理员会给每个用户建立一个主目录，通常在 /home/ 目录下。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 219, 442, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 219, 442, 233 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 219, 442, 233 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户对自己主目录的文件拥有所有权，可以在自己的主目录下进行相关操作。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 234, 506, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 232, 506, 250 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 232, 506, 250 ], "type": "text", "content": "每个用户名对应一个用户 ID 号（一个数字）；每个用户都被分配到一个指定的组 (group)", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 248, 108, 266 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 248, 108, 266 ], "type": "text", "content": "中。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 265, 449, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 451, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 451, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "默认情况下 RHEL/CentOS 在创建用户的同时会创建一个和用户同名的私有组。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 281, 399, 295 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 400, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 400, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "符号链接又称软链接，是指将一个文件指向另外一个文件的文件名。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 297, 289, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 288, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 288, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "这种符号链接的关系由 ln -s 命令行来建立。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 313, 122, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 123, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 123, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "硬链接", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 328, 321, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 329, 321, 342 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 329, 321, 342 ], "type": "text", "content": "链接文件和被链接文件必须位于同一个文件系统内", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 343, 216, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 217, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 217, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "不能建立指向目录的硬链接", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 359, 122, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 123, 375 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 123, 375 ], "type": "text", "content": "软链接", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 375, 301, 388 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 301, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 301, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "链接文件和被链接文件可以位于不同文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 391, 216, 403 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 391, 216, 403 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 391, 216, 403 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以建立指向目录的软链接", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 407, 132, 418 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 133, 421 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 133, 421 ], "type": "text", "content": "设备文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 422, 506, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 505, 435 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 505, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "设备是指计算机中的外围硬件装置，即除了CPU和内存以外的所有设备。通常，设备中含", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 498, 450 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 498, 450 ], "type": "text", "content": "有数据寄存器或数据缓存器、设备控制器，它们用于完成设备同CPU或内存的数据交换。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 453, 504, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 503, 466 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 503, 466 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 Linux 下，为了屏蔽用户对设备访问的复杂性，采用了设备文件，即可以通过象访问普", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 285, 481 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 285, 481 ], "type": "text", "content": "通文件一样的方式来对设备进行访问读写。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 484, 506, 513 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 505, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 505, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "设备文件用来访问硬件设备，包括硬盘、光驱、打印机等。每个硬件设备至少与一个设备", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 148, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 148, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件相关联。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 515, 379, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 515, 379, 530 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 515, 379, 530 ], "type": "text", "content": "设备文件分为：字符设备（如：键盘）和块设备（如：磁盘）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 531, 164, 544 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 164, 545 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 164, 545 ], "type": "text", "content": "设备的使用方法", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 546, 227, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 547, 226, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 547, 226, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户可以用设备名来使用设备", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 562, 268, 575 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 562, 268, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 562, 268, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户可以用访问文件的方法来使用设备", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 577, 293, 591 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 577, 292, 591 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 577, 292, 591 ], "type": "text", "content": "设备名以文件系统中的设备文件的形式存在", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 253, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 594, 253, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 594, 253, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "所有的设备文件存放在/dev 目录下", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 609, 166, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 609, 167, 622 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 609, 167, 622 ], "type": "text", "content": "几个特殊的设备", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 624, 216, 637 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 622, 218, 640 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 623, 136, 640 ], "type": "text", "content": "/dev/null", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 173, 622, 218, 640 ], "type": "text", "content": "－空设备", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 640, 216, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 638, 218, 655 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 138, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "/dev/zero", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 173, 638, 218, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "－零设备", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 655, 172, 668 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 172, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 172, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux的目录结构", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 671, 506, 699 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 672, 504, 683 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 672, 504, 683 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 文件系统是一个目录树的结构，文件系统结构从一个根目录开始，根目录下可以有", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 399, 700 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 399, 700 ], "type": "text", "content": "任意多个文件和子目录，子目录中又可以有任意多个文件和子目录。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 702, 495, 715 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 703, 495, 715 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 703, 495, 715 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 的这种文件系统结构使得一个目录和它包含的文件/子目录之间形成一种层次关系。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 718, 143, 730 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 717, 143, 732 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 717, 143, 732 ], "type": "text", "content": "大小写敏感", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 734, 244, 746 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 244, 748 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 244, 748 ], "type": "text", "content": "以“.”开头的文件或目录是隐含的", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 25 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 94, 81, 398, 315 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 81, 398, 315 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 81, 398, 315 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 81, 398, 315 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "2c593a284b9247a11712bcf3e90b3d0fd57379c15277f13b41023975c749cd34.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 88, 348, 147, 366 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 347, 149, 368 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 347, 149, 368 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件操作", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 412, 396, 731 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 412, 396, 731 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 412, 396, 731 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 412, 396, 731 ], "type": "table", "html": "
cat查看文件内容more/less查看文件内容
cd切换工作目录touch改变文件的时间属性
chown改变文件属权mv改名或移动文件
chmod改变文件权限pwd显示当前所在的目录
clear清除屏幕rm删除文件或目录
cp拷贝文件find查找文件
In创建文件链接which寻找命令
Is显示目录内容tar文件打包
mkdir创建/删除空目录[g]zip/unzip文件压缩和解压
rmdir7za
Tree显示目录树
", "image_path": "ac4905c9acdcb05e8d37efb59ea5a75f46d6c69659da386574256c6a01b21874.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 2, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 2 }, { "bbox": [ 88, 748, 143, 761 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 749, 143, 761 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 749, 143, 761 ], "type": "text", "content": "1．新建文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 26 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 505, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 80, 505, 91 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 80, 505, 91 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用touch 命令生成新的空文件或更改现有文件的时间，关于touch 命令，其主要作用是来更改已", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 505, 106 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 505, 106 ], "type": "text", "content": "有文件的时间戳的（比如，最近访问时间，最近修改时间），但其在不加任何参数的情况下，只指", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 426, 122 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 426, 122 ], "type": "text", "content": "定一个文件名，则可以创建一个指定文件名的空白文件（不会覆盖已有同名文件）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 126, 214, 138 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 124, 215, 140 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 124, 215, 140 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式：touch [参数] <文件> …", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 110, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 111, 155 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 111, 155 ], "type": "text", "content": "参数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 158, 176, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 158, 177, 169 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 158, 177, 169 ], "type": "text", "content": "-a : 只更改访问时间。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 173, 180, 184 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 180, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 180, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "-m : 只更改修改时间。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 188, 388, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 390, 201 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 390, 201 ], "type": "text", "content": "-t : 使用[[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss]格式的时间而非当前时间。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 204, 349, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 205, 349, 216 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 205, 170, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "-r <参考文件或目录", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 170, 206, 177, 215 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathrm { > }", "score": 0.67 }, { "bbox": [ 178, 205, 349, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": ": 使用指定文件的时间属性而非当前时间。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 220, 249, 231 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 251, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 251, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "GNU/Linux 文件的3种类型的时间戳：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 235, 208, 247 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 208, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 208, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "mtime: 最后修改时间 (ls -lt)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 251, 204, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 205, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 205, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "ctime: 状态改变时间 (ls -lc)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 267, 206, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 207, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 207, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "atime: 最后访问时间 (ls -lu)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 110, 293 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 111, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 111, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "说明", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 297, 196, 309 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 298, 197, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 298, 197, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "ctime并非文件创建时间。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 313, 323, 325 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 324, 326 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 324, 326 ], "type": "text", "content": "覆盖一个文件会改变mtime、ctime和atime三类时间。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 329, 339, 340 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 341, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 341, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "改变文件的访问权限或拥有者会改变文件的 ctime 和 atime。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 344, 207, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 208, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 208, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "读文件会改变文件的atime。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 391, 139, 402 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 139, 403 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 139, 403 ], "type": "text", "content": "2. 新建目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 406, 490, 417 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 492, 419 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 492, 419 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用mkdir（make directories）命令可以创建一个空目录，也可同时指定创建目录的权限属性。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 423, 316, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 317, 435 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 317, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用-p 参数，同时创建父目录（如果不存在该父目录）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 438, 199, 449 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 199, 449 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 199, 449 ], "type": "text", "content": "Rmdir 删除目录（空目录）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 139, 465 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 139, 465 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 139, 465 ], "type": "text", "content": "1. 复制文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 469, 291, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 292, 483 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 292, 483 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用 cp 命令（copy）复制一个文件到指定目录。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 485, 215, 496 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 217, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 217, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "cp test father/son/grandson", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 500, 212, 512 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 212, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 212, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式：cp [参数] <源> <目标>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 110, 527 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 514, 111, 530 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 514, 111, 530 ], "type": "text", "content": "说明", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 531, 246, 543 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 532, 246, 543 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 532, 246, 543 ], "type": "text", "content": "若复制的目标文件已存在，则被覆盖。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 547, 246, 558 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 547, 246, 559 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 547, 246, 559 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以将多个源文件复制到目标目录中。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 562, 331, 574 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 563, 329, 575 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 563, 329, 575 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以将源目录复制为指定的目标目录（目标目录不存在）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 578, 255, 589 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 578, 255, 590 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 578, 255, 590 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以将源目录复制到指定的目标目录中。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 607, 593, 752 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 607, 593, 752 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 607, 593, 752 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 607, 593, 752 ], "type": "table", "html": "
参数说明
-a等价于 -dpR
-R, -r递归地复制目录及目录内的所有项目
-p在复制文件过程中保留文件属性，包括属主、组、权限与时间戳
-d当复制符号链接的源文件时，目标文件也将创建符号链接且指向源文件所链接的原始文件
-f强制复制，不管目标是否存在
-i交互式复制，覆盖文件前需要确认
-u只有当源文件的状态改变时间（ctime）比目标文件更新时或目标尚不存在时才进行复制
", "image_path": "14ed4721e3bc826710a8fecd84d8a093df61910d5cde446afb4c16982e546f0d.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 29, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 29 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 27 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 77, 594, 157 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 77, 594, 157 ], "lines": [], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body", "lines_deleted": true } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 175, 140, 188 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 176, 139, 188 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 176, 139, 188 ], "type": "text", "content": "2. 复制目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 191, 509, 204 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 192, 510, 203 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 192, 510, 203 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果直接使用cp 命令复制一个目录的话，要成功复制目录需要加上 -r 或者-R 参数，表示递归复制，", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 206, 323, 219 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 208, 323, 219 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 208, 323, 219 ], "type": "text", "content": "就是说有点目录及其下面的子目录层层进入复制的意思。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 223, 140, 235 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 222, 139, 234 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 222, 139, 234 ], "type": "text", "content": "1. 删除文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 238, 336, 251 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 238, 336, 251 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 238, 336, 251 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用 rm（remove files or directories）命令删除一个文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 253, 362, 266 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 254, 362, 266 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 254, 362, 266 ], "type": "text", "content": "你如果想忽略这提示，直接删除文件，可以使用-f 参数强制删除：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 269, 140, 281 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 269, 139, 281 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 269, 139, 281 ], "type": "text", "content": "2. 删除目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 285, 348, 297 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 285, 347, 297 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 285, 347, 297 ], "type": "text", "content": "跟复制目录一样，要删除一个目录，也需要加上-r 或-R 参数：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 301, 140, 312 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 300, 139, 313 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 300, 139, 313 ], "type": "text", "content": "1. 移动文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 316, 499, 328 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 315, 501, 329 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 315, 501, 329 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用mv（move or rename files）命令移动文件（剪切）。命令格式是mv 源目录文件 目的目录。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 332, 149, 344 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 332, 149, 344 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 332, 149, 344 ], "type": "text", "content": "2. 重命名文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 348, 463, 359 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 347, 464, 360 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 347, 464, 360 ], "type": "text", "content": "mv 命令除了能移动文件外，还能给文件重命名。命令格式为mv 旧的文件名新的文件名。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 364, 148, 375 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 364, 148, 375 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 364, 148, 375 ], "type": "text", "content": "3. 批量重命名", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 379, 503, 407 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 380, 503, 391 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 380, 503, 391 ], "type": "text", "content": "要实现批量重命名，mv 命令就有点力不从心了，我们可以使用一个看起来更专业的命令 rename", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 394, 124, 407 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 394, 124, 407 ], "type": "text", "content": "来实现。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 410, 110, 420 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 409, 111, 423 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 409, 111, 423 ], "type": "text", "content": "Tree", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 425, 138, 437 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 426, 138, 438 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 426, 138, 438 ], "type": "text", "content": "显示目录树", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 441, 147, 453 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 441, 147, 453 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 441, 147, 453 ], "type": "text", "content": "判断文件类型", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 456, 214, 469 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 457, 214, 469 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 457, 214, 469 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件可以包含许多类型的数据", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 472, 327, 484 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 473, 327, 484 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 473, 327, 484 ], "type": "text", "content": "在打开前检查文件的类型来决定要使用的恰当命令或程序", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 488, 110, 499 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 486, 111, 502 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 486, 111, 502 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 503, 181, 516 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 503, 181, 516 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 503, 181, 516 ], "type": "text", "content": "file [选项] <文件名>…", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 519, 184, 531 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 518, 184, 532 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 518, 184, 532 ], "type": "text", "content": "stat [选项] <文件名>…", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 534, 120, 546 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 533, 121, 548 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 533, 121, 548 ], "type": "text", "content": "ln命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 550, 180, 562 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 551, 179, 561 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 551, 179, 561 ], "type": "text", "content": "功能：创建链接文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 565, 286, 578 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 565, 286, 578 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 565, 286, 578 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式：ln [参数] <被链接的文件> <链接文件名>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 581, 113, 592 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 581, 115, 595 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 581, 115, 595 ], "type": "text", "content": "参数：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 597, 223, 608 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 597, 223, 609 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 597, 223, 609 ], "type": "text", "content": "-s : 创建符号链接，而非硬链接。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 613, 240, 624 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 613, 241, 624 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 613, 241, 624 ], "type": "text", "content": "-f : 强行创建链接，不论其是否存在。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 628, 230, 640 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 629, 230, 640 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 629, 230, 640 ], "type": "text", "content": "-i : 覆盖原有文件之前先询问用户。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 644, 113, 655 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 643, 115, 657 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 643, 115, 657 ], "type": "text", "content": "举例：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 659, 202, 670 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 659, 203, 671 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 660, 98, 671 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.68 }, { "bbox": [ 99, 659, 203, 671 ], "type": "text", "content": "ln somefile hardlinkfile", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 675, 208, 686 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 674, 209, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 675, 98, 686 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.79 }, { "bbox": [ 98, 674, 209, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "ln -s somefile softlinkfile", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 690, 207, 701 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 690, 208, 703 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 690, 98, 702 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.7 }, { "bbox": [ 98, 690, 208, 703 ], "type": "text", "content": "ln -s somedir softlinkfile", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 28 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 85, 174, 101 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 84, 176, 104 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 84, 176, 104 ], "type": "text", "content": "标准输入输出", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 151, 505, 195 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 153, 505, 163 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 153, 505, 163 ], "type": "text", "content": "当我们执行一个 shell 命令行时通常会自动打开三个标准文件，即标准输入文件（stdin），默认对", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 169, 505, 179 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 169, 505, 179 ], "type": "text", "content": "应终端的键盘、标准输出文件（stdout）和标准错误输出文件（stderr），后两个文件都对应被重", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 184, 304, 195 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 184, 304, 195 ], "type": "text", "content": "定向到终端的屏幕，以便我们能直接看到输出内容。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 198, 505, 226 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 200, 505, 211 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 200, 505, 211 ], "type": "text", "content": "进程将从标准输入文件中得到输入数据，将正常输出数据输出到标准输出文件，而将错误信息送到", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 214, 161, 227 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 214, 161, 227 ], "type": "text", "content": "标准错误文件中。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 229, 505, 258 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 230, 505, 243 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 230, 505, 243 ], "type": "text", "content": "前两个命令都是用来打印文件内容到标准输出（终端），其中 cat 为正序显示，tac 为倒序显示。可", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 246, 189, 257 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 246, 189, 257 ], "type": "text", "content": "以加上-n 参数显示行号", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 291, 289, 304 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 292, 290, 306 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 292, 290, 306 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户登录后进入的目录通常是自己的主目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 307, 258, 320 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 307, 258, 322 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 307, 258, 322 ], "type": "text", "content": "可用 pwd 命令查看用户的当前目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 323, 202, 335 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 322, 202, 337 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 322, 202, 337 ], "type": "text", "content": "可用 cd 命令来切换目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 338, 210, 351 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 338, 210, 352 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 338, 210, 352 ], "type": "text", "content": "一些特殊字符的特殊含义：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 354, 169, 366 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 352, 170, 370 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 352, 170, 370 ], "type": "text", "content": "“ .” 表示当前目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 370, 277, 382 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 369, 279, 384 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 369, 279, 384 ], "type": "text", "content": "“..” 表示当前目录的上一级目录（父目录）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 385, 278, 397 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 383, 279, 401 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 383, 279, 401 ], "type": "text", "content": "“-” 表示用 cd 命令切换目录前所在的目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 401, 242, 413 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 399, 243, 416 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 399, 243, 416 ], "type": "text", "content": "“~” 表示用户主目录的绝对路径名", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 417, 132, 428 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 416, 133, 431 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 416, 133, 431 ], "type": "text", "content": "绝对路径", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 432, 167, 444 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 432, 168, 446 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 432, 168, 446 ], "type": "text", "content": "以斜线（/）开头", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 448, 216, 460 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 448, 217, 461 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 448, 217, 461 ], "type": "text", "content": "描述到文件位置的完整说明", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 463, 289, 476 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 464, 289, 477 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 464, 289, 477 ], "type": "text", "content": "任何时候你想指定文件名的时候都可以使用", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 479, 132, 491 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 478, 133, 493 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 478, 133, 493 ], "type": "text", "content": "相对路径", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 494, 178, 507 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 494, 178, 508 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 494, 178, 508 ], "type": "text", "content": "不以斜线（/）开头", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 510, 279, 523 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 511, 279, 523 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 511, 279, 523 ], "type": "text", "content": "指定相对于你的当前工作目录而言的位置", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 525, 248, 538 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 525, 248, 539 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 525, 248, 539 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以被用作指定文件名的简捷方式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 541, 205, 553 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 541, 205, 555 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 541, 205, 555 ], "type": "text", "content": "常用的文本文件提取命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 555, 594, 731 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 555, 594, 731 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 555, 594, 731 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 555, 594, 731 ], "type": "table", "html": "
命令功能
cat、tac滚屏显示文本文件内容
more、less分屏显示文本文件内容
head、tail显示文本文件的前或后若干行\n(横向截取文本文件内容)
cut纵向切割出文本指定的部分\n(纵向截取文本文件内容)
grep在文本文件中查找指定的字符串\n(按关键字提取文本文件中匹配的行)
", "image_path": "5bc288026a114c60492984cbd26110bc4430675c2ede617923da5792c3d5f514.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 21, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 21 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 29 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 76, 594, 164 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 594, 164 ], "lines": [], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body", "lines_deleted": true } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 203, 113, 216 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 201, 116, 221 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 201, 116, 221 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 106, 251, 477, 264 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 252, 478, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 252, 478, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "真实功能命令的核心功能其实是读取输入并原样输出（concatenate 的缩写），它既能：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 141, 267, 352, 295 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 267, 305, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 267, 305, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 267, 305, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": " 输入侧：可以接受文件参数或stdin", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 141, 283, 352, 295 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 283, 352, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 283, 309, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": " 输出侧：总是输出到 stdout（除非用", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 309, 285, 318, 294 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": ">", "score": 0.53 }, { "bbox": [ 318, 283, 352, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "重定向）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 299, 151, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 298, 152, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 298, 152, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat -n passwd", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 314, 196, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 315, 196, 326 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 315, 196, 326 ], "type": "text", "content": "nl 命令，添加行号并打印", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 349, 333, 366 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 349, 334, 368 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 349, 334, 368 ], "type": "text", "content": "1.使用 more 和 less 命令分页查看文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 400, 509, 444 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 400, 509, 413 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 400, 509, 413 ], "type": "text", "content": "。其中more 命令比较简单，只能向一个方向滚动，而 less 为基于more 和vi （一个强大的编辑器，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 416, 505, 428 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 416, 505, 428 ], "type": "text", "content": "我们有单独的课程来让你学习）开发，功能更强大。less 的使用基本和 more 一致，具体使用请查", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 431, 281, 444 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 431, 281, 444 ], "type": "text", "content": "看man 手册，这里只介绍more 命令的使用。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 447, 506, 476 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 448, 506, 459 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 448, 506, 459 ], "type": "text", "content": "打开后默认只显示一屏内容，终端底部显示当前阅读的进度。可以使用 Enter 键向下滚动一行，使", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 463, 315, 476 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 463, 315, 476 ], "type": "text", "content": "用Space 键向下滚动一屏，按下h 显示帮助，q 退出。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 479, 233, 491 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 479, 233, 491 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 479, 233, 491 ], "type": "text", "content": "zless file1 分页显示压缩文本文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 529, 303, 546 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 528, 305, 548 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 528, 305, 548 ], "type": "text", "content": "2. 使用 head 和 tail 命令查看文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 580, 509, 655 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 581, 509, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 581, 509, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "这两个命令，那些性子比较急的人应该会喜欢，因为它们一个是只查看文件的头几行（默认为 10 行，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 596, 505, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 596, 505, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "不足10 行则显示全部）和尾几行。还是拿passwd 文件举例，比如当我们想要查看最近新增加的用", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 612, 505, 624 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 612, 505, 624 ], "type": "text", "content": "户，那么我们可以查看这个 /etc/passwd 文件，不过我们前面也看到了，这个文件里面一大堆乱糟", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 627, 505, 640 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 627, 505, 640 ], "type": "text", "content": "糟的东西，看起来实在费神啊。因为系统新增加一个用户，会将用户的信息添加到 passwd 文件的", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 644, 284, 655 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 644, 284, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "最后，那么这时候我们就可以使用tail 命令了：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 658, 168, 670 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 658, 169, 671 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 659, 96, 670 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.66 }, { "bbox": [ 96, 658, 169, 671 ], "type": "text", "content": "tail /etc/passwd", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 674, 318, 686 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 674, 320, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 674, 320, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "甚至更直接的只看一行， 加上-n 参数，后面紧跟行数：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 690, 188, 702 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 689, 188, 703 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 690, 96, 701 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.75 }, { "bbox": [ 96, 689, 188, 703 ], "type": "text", "content": "tail -n 1 /etc/passwd", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 705, 504, 733 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 706, 504, 717 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 706, 504, 717 ], "type": "text", "content": "关于tail 命令，不得不提的还有它一个很牛的参数 -f，这个参数可以实现不停地读取某个文件的内", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 722, 350, 733 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 722, 350, 733 ], "type": "text", "content": "容并显示。这可以让我们动态查看日志，达到实时监视的目的。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 737, 119, 748 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 736, 119, 750 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 736, 119, 750 ], "type": "text", "content": "下一步", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 30 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 256, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 255, 91 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 255, 91 ], "type": "text", "content": "我们可以使用file 命令查看文件的类型：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 95, 433, 106 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 433, 107 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 433, 107 ], "type": "text", "content": "说明这是一个可执行文件，运行在 64 位平台，并使用了动态链接文件（共享库）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 111, 505, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 505, 121 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 505, 121 ], "type": "text", "content": "与 Windows 不同的是，如果你新建了一个 shiyanlou.txt 文件，Windows 会自动把它识别为文本", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 505, 138 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 505, 138 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件，而 file 命令会识别为一个空文件。这个前面我提到过，在 Linux 中文件的类型不是根据文件", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 141, 342, 153 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 141, 342, 153 ], "type": "text", "content": "后缀来判断的。当你在文件里输入内容后才会显示文件类型。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 157, 348, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 156, 349, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 156, 349, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "与搜索相关的命令常用的有 whereis，which，find 和 locate。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 173, 389, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 390, 186 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 390, 186 ], "type": "text", "content": "whereis 只能搜索二进制文件(-b)，man 帮助文件(-m)和源代码文件(-s)。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 188, 505, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 189, 505, 200 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 189, 505, 200 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用 locate 命令查找文件也不会遍历硬盘，它通过查询 /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db 数据库来检", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 205, 505, 216 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 205, 505, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "索信息。不过这个数据库也不是实时更新的，系统会使用定时任务每天自动执行 updatedb 命令来", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 221, 505, 231 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 221, 505, 231 ], "type": "text", "content": "更新数据库。所以有时候你刚添加的文件，它可能会找不到，需要手动执行一次 updatedb 命令", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 95, 235, 505, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 235, 505, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "（在我们的环境中必须先执行一次该命令）注意，它不只是在 /etc 目录下查找，还会自动递归子目", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 250, 142, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 250, 142, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "录进行查找。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 286, 147, 301 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 285, 149, 303 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 285, 149, 303 ], "type": "text", "content": "3. which", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 336, 505, 380 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 337, 504, 348 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 337, 504, 348 ], "type": "text", "content": "which 本身是 Shell 内建的一个命令，我们通常使用 which 来确定是否安装了某个指定的程序，因", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 353, 503, 364 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 353, 503, 364 ], "type": "text", "content": "为它只从 PATH 环境变量指定的路径中去搜索命令并且返回第一个搜索到的结果。也就是说，我们", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 368, 380, 380 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 368, 380, 380 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以看到某个系统命令是否存在以及执行的到底是哪一个地方的命令。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 403, 193, 419 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 401, 195, 421 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 401, 195, 421 ], "type": "text", "content": "4. find 查找命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 454, 504, 482 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 503, 466 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 503, 466 ], "type": "text", "content": "find 应该是这几个命令中最强大的了，它不但可以通过文件类型、文件名进行查找而且可以根据文", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 470, 318, 481 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 470, 318, 481 ], "type": "text", "content": "件的属性（如文件的时间戳，文件的权限等）进行搜索", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 486, 151, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 485, 153, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 485, 153, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "find命令语法：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 501, 208, 513 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 499, 209, 515 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 499, 209, 515 ], "type": "text", "content": "find [path][option] [action]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 517, 395, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 396, 530 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 396, 530 ], "type": "text", "content": "find [<起始目录> ...] [<选项表达式>] [<条件匹配表达式>] [<动作表达式>]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 532, 326, 544 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 533, 325, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 533, 325, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "<起始目录>：对每个指定的 <起始目录> 递归搜索目录树", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 548, 224, 560 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 548, 225, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 548, 225, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "省略<起始目录>时表示当前目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 563, 246, 575 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 564, 246, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 564, 246, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "<选项表达式>：控制 find 命令的行为", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 579, 271, 591 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 580, 271, 590 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 580, 271, 590 ], "type": "text", "content": "<条件匹配表达式>：根据匹配条件查找文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 594, 395, 607 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 396, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 396, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "<动作表达式>：指定对查找结果的操作，默认为显示在标准输出（-print）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 610, 381, 622 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 610, 382, 622 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 610, 382, 622 ], "type": "text", "content": "不带任何参数的 find 命令将在屏幕上递归显示当前目录下的文件列表。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 93, 644, 116, 657 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 642, 118, 659 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 642, 118, 659 ], "type": "text", "content": "选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 334, 645, 355, 657 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 331, 643, 358, 659 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 331, 643, 358, 659 ], "type": "text", "content": "说明", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 95, 681, 105, 692 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 334, 679, 535, 692 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 333, 679, 536, 692 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 333, 679, 536, 692 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果遇到符号链接文件，就跟踪链接所指的文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 31 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 77, 595, 327 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 77, 595, 327 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 77, 595, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 77, 595, 327 ], "type": "table", "html": "
-regexotype TYPE指定 -regex 和 -iregex 使用的正则表达式类型，默认为emacs
-depth/-d查找目录自身之前先处理目录中的文件（即深度优先）
-mount/-xdev查找文件时不跨越文件系统
-maxdepth LEVELS设置最大的查找深度
--help显示 find 命令帮助信息
--version显示 find 的版本
", "image_path": "698e46d74e20f540c31a76b0db8c3e78a3b9e6afe25ba4e61b8b844e742f4f77.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 344, 595, 549 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 331, 128, 343 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 331, 129, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 331, 129, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户和组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "table_caption" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 595, 549 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 595, 549 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 595, 549 ], "type": "table", "html": "
条件说明
-uid N用户ID为N的所有文件
-gid N组ID为N的所有文件
-user USERNAME用户名为 USERNAME的所有文件
-group GROUPNAME组名为GROUPNAME的所有文件
-nouser文件属于不在 /etc/passwd 文件中的用户
-nogroup文件属于不在 /etc/group 文件中的组
", "image_path": "76ed74a39a5a6ebd91eb4c13ed76b0d264ed8fbb60b1c49fc61885f487f5143a.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 2, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 2 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 567, 174, 579 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 568, 174, 580 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 568, 137, 579 ], "type": "text", "content": "N可以使用", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 138, 568, 162, 580 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathsf { N } , + \\mathsf { N } _ { i }", "score": 0.73 }, { "bbox": [ 162, 568, 174, 579 ], "type": "text", "content": ",-N", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 596, 595, 733 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 583, 128, 594 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 582, 129, 596 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 582, 129, 596 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件权限", "score": 1.0 } ] } ], "index": 4, "angle": 0, "type": "table_caption" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 596, 595, 733 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 596, 595, 733 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 596, 595, 733 ], "type": "table", "html": "
条件说明
-perm MODE精确匹配权限模式为 MODE 的文件
-perm -MODE匹配权限模式至少为 MODE 的文件\n(用户、组和其他人这三种权限必须都匹配)
-perm /MODE 或\n-perm +MODE匹配权限模式至少为 MODE 的文件\n(用户、组和其他人这三种权限中有一种匹配即可)
", "image_path": "8075a2b0dcb2865d01feefec4e08fe034a41a85b5f779985e920f2b60cce2ee8.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 5, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 5 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 32 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 123, 411, 227 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 111, 224, 122 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 111, 226, 122 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 111, 226, 122 ], "type": "text", "content": "2. 与时间相关的命令参数：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "table_caption" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 123, 411, 227 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 123, 411, 227 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 123, 411, 227 ], "type": "table", "html": "
参数说明
-atime最后访问时间
-ctime最后修改文件内容的时间
-mtime最后修改文件属性的时间
", "image_path": "c3c047d3e77a448d51ec3eabfabb316bb8f29cd7293db6ff4607e472c1620940.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 2, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 2 }, { "bbox": [ 105, 228, 167, 239 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 227, 168, 241 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 227, 168, 241 ], "type": "text", "content": "3. -size 选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 243, 302, 255 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 243, 302, 256 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 243, 302, 256 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果要根据文件的大小进行搜索，则使用-size选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 260, 196, 270 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 259, 196, 272 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 259, 196, 272 ], "type": "text", "content": "4. -exec 和-ok 选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 275, 407, 286 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 275, 408, 287 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 275, 408, 287 ], "type": "text", "content": "这两个选项可以对搜索到的文件执行命令，例如重命名、删除、移动等操作。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 290, 426, 301 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 290, 427, 302 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 290, 427, 302 ], "type": "text", "content": "注意，对于应用与集合的命令，是不适合使用这两个选项的，应该使用管道通信。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 306, 504, 349 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 306, 504, 317 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 306, 504, 317 ], "type": "text", "content": "-exec 选项会对每个文件单独执行命令。如果你使用 wc -l 计算每个文件的行数，你会得到每个文件", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 322, 505, 334 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 322, 505, 334 ], "type": "text", "content": "的行数结果，而不是这些文件行数的总和。并且，执行 wc -l 会多次调用 wc 命令，每次处理一个文", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 337, 285, 349 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 337, 285, 349 ], "type": "text", "content": "件，这对于计算所有文件的行数总和并不高效。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 353, 224, 364 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 354, 226, 364 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 354, 226, 364 ], "type": "text", "content": "要使用kill 命令来杀死这个进程。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 368, 264, 380 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 368, 265, 380 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 368, 265, 380 ], "type": "text", "content": "今天就教你怎么召唤一双眼睛出来监督你：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 385, 123, 396 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 382, 126, 398 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 384, 96, 395 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.69 }, { "bbox": [ 96, 382, 126, 398 ], "type": "text", "content": "xeyes", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 400, 255, 411 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 400, 257, 412 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 400, 257, 412 ], "type": "text", "content": "你可以使用如下命令将它放到后台运行：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 416, 164, 427 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 414, 166, 429 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 416, 96, 426 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.67 }, { "bbox": [ 96, 414, 166, 429 ], "type": "text", "content": "nohup xeyes &", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 451, 123, 465 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 449, 126, 470 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 449, 126, 470 ], "type": "text", "content": "6、ls", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 502, 117, 513 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 500, 119, 516 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 500, 119, 516 ], "type": "text", "content": "ls 命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 517, 198, 529 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 518, 198, 529 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 518, 198, 529 ], "type": "text", "content": "ls [选项] [目录或是文件]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 533, 452, 544 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 533, 452, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 533, 452, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "ls －l 按完整格式显示目录及文件信息（权限、所有者、文件大小、修改时间、文件名）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 97, 549, 187, 560 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 548, 188, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 548, 188, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "r－读w－写 x－执行", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 98, 565, 190, 576 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 564, 192, 577 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 564, 192, 577 ], "type": "text", "content": "owner/group/others", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 581, 114, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 579, 116, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 579, 116, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "ls －a", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 596, 111, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 594, 114, 609 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 594, 114, 609 ], "type": "text", "content": "ls －i", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 612, 117, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 610, 119, 624 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 610, 119, 624 ], "type": "text", "content": "ls －al", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 640, 593, 743 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 593, 743 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 593, 743 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 593, 743 ], "type": "table", "html": "
选项说明
-a列出目录下的所有文件，包括以.开头的隐含文件。
-l列出文件的详细信息，通常称为“长格式”。
-d输入参数是目录时，只显示该目录本身。
-A显示除“.”和“..”外的所有文件。
-R递归地列出所有子目录下的文件。
-h以人类易读的单位显示文件大小。
-S以文件大小排序输出。
-t以时间排序输出。
", "image_path": "7bd0d907d241733e40fe309af3ef5d42de9502f30ba2310a479f12f894b965f1.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 23, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 23 } ], "discarded_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 140, 90 ], "type": "header", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 141, 91 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 141, 91 ], "type": "text", "content": "-name 选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 33 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 77, 595, 281 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 77, 595, 281 ], "lines": [], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body", "lines_deleted": true } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 320, 189, 338 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 319, 190, 340 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 319, 190, 340 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件打包与压缩", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 371, 358, 383 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 370, 359, 386 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 370, 359, 386 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux tar（英文全拼：tape archive ）命令用于备份文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 386, 401, 398 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 386, 402, 401 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 386, 402, 401 ], "type": "text", "content": "tar 是 Linux 和 Unix 系统中用于归档文件和目录的强大命令行工具。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 402, 504, 428 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 402, 506, 417 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 402, 506, 417 ], "type": "text", "content": "tar 名字来自 \"tape archive\"（磁带归档），最初用于将文件打包到磁带设备中，但现在广", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 418, 263, 430 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 418, 263, 430 ], "type": "text", "content": "泛用于在文件系统中打包和压缩文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 433, 504, 460 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 433, 506, 447 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 433, 506, 447 ], "type": "text", "content": "tar 通常用于将多个文件和目录打包成一个归档文件，称为 \"tarball\"（通常带有 .tar 扩展", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 449, 119, 463 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 449, 119, 463 ], "type": "text", "content": "名）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 465, 504, 491 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 464, 506, 480 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 464, 506, 480 ], "type": "text", "content": "tar 本身不压缩文件，但可以与压缩工具（如 gzip 或 bzip2）结合使用，创建压缩的归档", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 480, 230, 494 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 480, 230, 494 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件（如 .tar.gz 或 .tar.bz2）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 495, 594, 756 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 495, 594, 756 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 495, 594, 756 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 495, 594, 756 ], "type": "table", "html": "
命令功能
xz使用 LZMA 算法的高性能压缩/解压工具
gzip流行的 GNU gzip 数据压缩/解压程序
bzip2免费的,无专利的高性能数据压缩工具
zip/unzip与 WinZIP 兼容的压缩/解压工具
rar与 WinRAR 兼容的压缩/解压工具
7za使用 LZMA 算法的高性能压缩/解压工具
tar文件打包、归档工具
", "image_path": "e25f0e419c77db069019298b0f809a73e51012aff5434960f8176f1aa9b1db23.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 7, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 7 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 34 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 75, 595, 144 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 75, 595, 144 ], "lines": [], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body", "lines_deleted": true } ], "index": 0 }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 87, 173, 411, 479 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 173, 411, 479 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 173, 411, 479 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 173, 411, 479 ], "type": "table", "html": "
文件后缀名说明
*.zipzip 程序打包压缩的文件
*.rarrar 程序压缩的文件
*.7z7zip 程序压缩的文件
*.tartar 程序打包，未压缩的文件
*.gzgzip 程序（GNU zip）压缩的文件
*.xzxz 程序压缩的文件
*.bz2bzip2 程序压缩的文件
*.tar.gz(.tgz)tar 打包，gzip 程序压缩的文件
*.tar.xztar 打包，xz 程序压缩的文件
*.tar.bz2(.tbz)tar 打包，bzip2 程序压缩的文件
*.tar.7ztar 打包，7z 程序压缩的文件
", "image_path": "870cfd82edf8e199f805441cff66d0f3ab4d41c74dea7cd42ef8003dfd6f8f77.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 1 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 496, 240, 508 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 496, 239, 509 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 496, 239, 509 ], "type": "text", "content": "tar [options] -f archive.tar [files...]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 511, 280, 539 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 511, 280, 523 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 512, 282, 523 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 516, 111, 519 ], "type": "text", "content": "", "score": 0.0 }, { "bbox": [ 122, 512, 282, 523 ], "type": "text", "content": "-f archive.tar：指定归档文件的名称。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 527, 257, 539 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 528, 257, 539 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 531, 111, 535 ], "type": "text", "content": "", "score": 0.0 }, { "bbox": [ 124, 528, 257, 539 ], "type": "text", "content": "[files...]：要打包的文件和目录。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 87, 542, 186, 554 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 543, 185, 554 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 543, 185, 554 ], "type": "text", "content": "基本功能：打包和解包", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 558, 228, 571 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 558, 229, 571 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 558, 229, 571 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式： tar [选项] 文件或者目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 573, 129, 585 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 573, 129, 587 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 573, 129, 587 ], "type": "text", "content": "常用选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 589, 309, 632 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 589, 188, 601 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 590, 188, 602 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 590, 188, 602 ], "type": "text", "content": "-c：创建新的打包文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 605, 309, 617 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 605, 310, 618 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 605, 310, 618 ], "type": "text", "content": "-t：列出打包文件的内容，查看已经打包了哪些文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 620, 207, 632 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 620, 207, 633 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 620, 207, 633 ], "type": "text", "content": "-x：从打包文件中释放文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 87, 636, 245, 710 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 636, 176, 648 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 636, 177, 648 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 636, 177, 648 ], "type": "text", "content": "-f：指定打包文件名。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 651, 233, 663 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 652, 233, 664 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 652, 233, 664 ], "type": "text", "content": "-v：详细列出 tar 处理的文件信息。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 667, 242, 680 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 667, 243, 679 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 667, 243, 679 ], "type": "text", "content": "-z：用 gzip 来压缩/解压缩打包文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 683, 245, 695 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 683, 246, 695 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 683, 246, 695 ], "type": "text", "content": "-j：用 bzip2 来压缩/解压缩打包文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 698, 231, 710 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 698, 232, 710 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 698, 232, 710 ], "type": "text", "content": "-J：用 xz 来压缩/解压缩打包文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 745, 505, 758 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 745, 506, 758 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 745, 506, 758 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令中，-r 参数表示递归打包包含子目录的全部内容，-q 参数表示为安静模式，即不向屏幕输出信", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 35 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 506, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 506, 91 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 506, 91 ], "type": "text", "content": "息，-o，表示输出文件，需在其后紧跟打包输出文件名。后面使用 du 命令查看打包后文件的大小", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 95, 95, 209, 107 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 95, 209, 107 ], "type": "text", "content": "（后面会具体说明该命令）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 111, 355, 122 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 111, 354, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 114, 111, 119 ], "type": "text", "content": ".", "score": 0.858 }, { "bbox": [ 124, 111, 354, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "设置压缩级别为 9 和 1（9 最大，1 最小），重新打包：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 126, 505, 154 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 505, 137 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 505, 137 ], "type": "text", "content": "这里添加了一个参数用于设置压缩级别 -[1-9]，1 表示最快压缩但体积大，9 表示体积最小但耗时最", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 500, 153 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 500, 153 ], "type": "text", "content": "久。最后那个 -x 是为了排除我们上一次创建的 zip 文件，否则又会被打包进这一次的压缩文件中，", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 157, 285, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 285, 169 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 285, 169 ], "type": "text", "content": "注意：这里只能使用绝对路径，否则不起作用。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 173, 232, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 231, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 231, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用-e 参数可以创建加密压缩包：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 188, 508, 280 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 189, 505, 200 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 189, 505, 200 ], "type": "text", "content": "关于zip 命令，因为 Windows 系统与Linux/Unix 在文本文件格式上的一些兼容问题，比", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 506, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 298, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "如换行符（为不可见字符），在 Windows 为", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 298, 204, 331, 216 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "{ \\mathsf { C R } } { + } \\mathsf { L F }", "score": 0.72 }, { "bbox": [ 332, 203, 506, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "（Carriage-Return+Line-Feed：回车", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 506, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 506, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "加换行），而在 Linux/Unix 上为 LF（换行），所以如果在不加处理的情况下，在 Linux", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 506, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 506, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "上编辑的文本，在 Windows 系统上打开可能看起来是没有换行的。如果你想让你在 Linux", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 505, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 505, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建的 zip 压缩文件在 Windows 上解压后没有任何问题，那么你还需要对命令做一些修", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 107, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 107, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "改：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 281, 343, 295 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 279, 345, 300 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 96, 294 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.63 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 279, 345, 300 ], "type": "text", "content": "zip -r -l -o shiyanlou.zip /home/shiyanlou/Desktop", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 297, 336, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 336, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 222, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "需要加上 -l 参数将 LF 转换为", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 223, 297, 255, 310 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "{ \\mathsf { C R } } { + } \\mathsf { L F }", "score": 0.88 }, { "bbox": [ 255, 297, 336, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "来达到以上目的。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 312, 317, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 318, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 318, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用 -O（英文字母，大写 o）参数指定编码类型：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 328, 157, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 157, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 157, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "unzip -O GBK", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 343, 248, 357 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 250, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 250, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "将 shiyanlou.zip 解压到当前目录：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 359, 193, 373 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 357, 195, 375 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 96, 371 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.74 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 357, 195, 375 ], "type": "text", "content": "unzip shiyanlou.zip", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 390, 273, 403 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 274, 404 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 274, 404 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用安静模式，将文件解压到指定目录：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 407, 254, 419 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 404, 255, 423 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 96, 418 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.68 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 404, 255, 423 ], "type": "text", "content": "unzip -q shiyanlou.zip -d ziptest", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 437, 505, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 506, 450 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 506, 450 ], "type": "text", "content": "上述指定目录不存在，将会自动创建。如果你不想解压只想查看压缩包的内容你可以使用-", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 453, 124, 468 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 453, 124, 468 ], "type": "text", "content": "l 参数：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 469, 202, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 466, 203, 486 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 96, 481 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.76 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 466, 203, 486 ], "type": "text", "content": "unzip -l shiyanlou.zip", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 484, 505, 544 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 484, 505, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 484, 505, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 Linux 上面更常用的是 tar 工具，tar 原本只是一个打包工具，只是同时还是实现了对", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 505, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 505, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "7z、gzip、xz、bzip2 等工具的支持，这些压缩工具本身只能实现对文件或目录（单独压", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 505, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 505, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "缩目录中的文件）的压缩，没有实现对文件的打包压缩，所以我们也无需再单独去学习其", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 458, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 458, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "他几个工具，tar 的解压和压缩都是同一个命令，只需参数不同，使用比较方便。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 546, 500, 575 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 546, 498, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 546, 498, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "下面先掌握tar 命令一些基本的使用方式，即不进行压缩只是进行打包（创建归档文件）", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 158, 575 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 158, 575 ], "type": "text", "content": "和解包的操作。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 577, 273, 591 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 577, 273, 591 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 577, 273, 591 ], "type": "text", "content": "行打包（创建归档文件）和解包的操作。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 593, 202, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 592, 204, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 592, 204, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建一个 tar 包：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 608, 198, 622 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 198, 624 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 609, 96, 621 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.72 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 608, 198, 624 ], "type": "text", "content": "cd /home/shiyanlou", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 624, 339, 638 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 620, 340, 642 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 96, 636 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.78 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 620, 340, 642 ], "type": "text", "content": "tar -P -cf shiyanlou.tar /home/shiyanlou/Desktop", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 640, 509, 684 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 511, 654 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 511, 654 ], "type": "text", "content": "上面命令中，-P 保留绝对路径符，-c 表示创建一个 tar 包文件，-f 用于指定创建的文件名，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 507, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 507, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "注意文件名必须紧跟在 -f 参数之后，比如不能写成 tar -fc shiyanlou.tar，可以写成 tar -f", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 435, 684 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 435, 684 ], "type": "text", "content": "shiyanlou.tar -c ~。你还可以加上-v 参数以可视的的方式输出打包的文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 103, 687, 418, 700 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 687, 418, 701 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 687, 199, 701 ], "type": "text", "content": " 解包一个文件（", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 199, 688, 209, 699 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "- \\mathsf { X }", "score": 0.6 }, { "bbox": [ 210, 687, 418, 701 ], "type": "text", "content": "参数）到指定路径的已存在目录（-C 参数）：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 703, 158, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 159, 715 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 703, 96, 714 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.76 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 702, 159, 715 ], "type": "text", "content": "mkdir tardir", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 718, 238, 730 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 238, 732 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 719, 96, 729 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.78 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 718, 238, 732 ], "type": "text", "content": "tar -xf shiyanlou.tar -C tardir", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 734, 247, 746 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 734, 248, 746 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 734, 248, 746 ], "type": "text", "content": "只查看不解包文件-t 参数：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 750, 193, 762 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 747, 195, 764 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 750, 96, 761 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.77 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 747, 195, 764 ], "type": "text", "content": "tar -tf shiyanlou.tar", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 36 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 79, 504, 122 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 79, 505, 91 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 79, 505, 91 ], "type": "text", "content": "保留文件属性和跟随链接（符号链接或软链接），有时候我们使用 tar 备份文件当", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 125, 95, 505, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 95, 505, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "你在其他主机还原时希望保留文件的属性（-p 参数）和备份链接指向的源文件而", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 125, 111, 251, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 111, 251, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "不是链接本身（-h 参数）：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 126, 196, 137 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 197, 139 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 96, 138 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.72 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 126, 197, 139 ], "type": "text", "content": "tar -cphf etc.tar /etc", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 103, 141, 461, 154 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 141, 463, 156 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 141, 463, 156 ], "type": "text", "content": " 我们只需要在创建 tar 文件的基础上添加 -z 参数，使用 gzip 来压缩文件：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 157, 343, 170 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 153, 345, 175 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 96, 169 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.76 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 153, 345, 175 ], "type": "text", "content": "tar -czf shiyanlou.tar.gz /home/shiyanlou/Desktop", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 188, 212, 201 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 188, 214, 202 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 188, 214, 202 ], "type": "text", "content": "解压 *.tar.gz 文件：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 204, 213, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 201, 214, 220 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 96, 216 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.77 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 201, 214, 220 ], "type": "text", "content": "tar -xzf shiyanlou.tar.gz", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 87, 216, 411, 319 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 216, 411, 319 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 216, 411, 319 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 216, 411, 319 ], "type": "table", "html": "
压缩文件格式参数
*.tar.gz-z
*.tar.xz-j
*.tar.bz2-j
", "image_path": "9cab77209bed2b92ce25cdad7400d10fead4f6ca4e4117c656a8b4be3868fc3e.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 6, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 6 }, { "bbox": [ 105, 322, 395, 443 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 322, 145, 334 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 322, 146, 336 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 326, 112, 330 ], "type": "text", "content": ".", "score": 0.54 }, { "bbox": [ 122, 322, 146, 336 ], "type": "text", "content": "zip：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 337, 395, 350 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 335, 396, 354 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 335, 396, 354 ], "type": "text", "content": " 打包 ：zip something.zip something （目录请加 -r 参数）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 353, 258, 366 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 350, 258, 369 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 350, 258, 369 ], "type": "text", "content": " 解包：unzip something.zip", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 368, 212, 380 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 367, 213, 381 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 367, 213, 381 ], "type": "text", "content": "指定路径：-d 参数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 385, 144, 395 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 385, 146, 397 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 389, 111, 392 ], "type": "text", "content": "", "score": 0.0 }, { "bbox": [ 122, 385, 146, 397 ], "type": "text", "content": "tar：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 399, 314, 413 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 396, 317, 417 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 396, 317, 417 ], "type": "text", "content": " 打包：tar -cf something.tar something", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 415, 259, 428 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 413, 261, 430 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 413, 261, 430 ], "type": "text", "content": "解包：tar -xf something.tar", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 430, 212, 443 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 430, 213, 444 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 430, 213, 444 ], "type": "text", "content": "指定路径：-C 参数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 447, 111, 459 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 461, 315, 475 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 459, 316, 477 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 459, 316, 477 ], "type": "text", "content": "压缩后 gzip 会在每个文件的后面添加扩展名 .gz。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 477, 220, 490 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 478, 220, 491 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 478, 220, 491 ], "type": "text", "content": "压缩后原文件会被自动删除。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 492, 337, 506 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 491, 339, 507 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 491, 339, 507 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 windows 下可以用 winzip 或 winrar 或 7-zip 解压。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 508, 231, 521 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 507, 232, 523 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 507, 232, 523 ], "type": "text", "content": "用法：gzip [选项] 文件列表", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 524, 115, 536 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 523, 117, 540 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 523, 117, 540 ], "type": "text", "content": "选项：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 539, 172, 552 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 539, 173, 553 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 539, 173, 553 ], "type": "text", "content": "-d: 解开压缩文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 555, 463, 567 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 555, 464, 568 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 555, 464, 568 ], "type": "text", "content": "-f: 强行压缩文件，不理会文件名称或硬链接是否存在以及该文件是否为符号链接。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 571, 503, 598 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 571, 503, 582 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 571, 503, 582 ], "type": "text", "content": "-l: 列出压缩文件的相关信息（压缩文件的大小；未压缩文件的大小；压缩比；未压缩文件", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 585, 140, 601 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 585, 140, 601 ], "type": "text", "content": "的名字）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 602, 425, 614 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 602, 427, 616 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 602, 427, 616 ], "type": "text", "content": "-n: 压缩文件时，不保存原来的文件名称及时间戳（默认为保存，即-N）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 618, 362, 630 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 618, 362, 631 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 618, 362, 631 ], "type": "text", "content": "-r : 递归处理，将指定目录下的所有文件及子目录一同处理。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 634, 236, 645 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 634, 236, 646 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 634, 236, 646 ], "type": "text", "content": "-t : 测试压缩文件是否正确无误。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 649, 195, 661 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 648, 196, 662 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 648, 196, 662 ], "type": "text", "content": "-v : 显示指令执行过程。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 664, 469, 677 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 665, 470, 677 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 665, 229, 677 ], "type": "text", "content": "-<压缩率> : 压缩率是一个介于", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 229, 665, 254, 677 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\uparrow \\mathord { \\sim } 9", "score": 0.81 }, { "bbox": [ 255, 665, 470, 677 ], "type": "text", "content": "的数值，默认值为“6”，数值越大压缩率越高。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 680, 286, 692 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 679, 287, 694 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 679, 287, 694 ], "type": "text", "content": "--best 参数等价于-9；--fast 参数等价于-1。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 696, 152, 708 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 694, 154, 710 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 694, 154, 710 ], "type": "text", "content": "信息显示命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 87, 708, 593, 737 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 708, 593, 737 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 708, 593, 737 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 708, 593, 737 ], "type": "table", "html": "
命令功能
hostname显示主机名称
uname显示操作系统信息
dmesg显示系统启动信息
lsmod显示系统加载的内核模块
date显示系统时间（cal可以显示系统时间的日历）
env显示系统环境变量
locale显示当前语言环境（cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n）
cat /etc/redhat-release显示操作系统版本（head -1 /etc/issue）
cat /proc/cpuinfo显示CPU信息
lspci/lsusb显示PCI/USB接口信息
rpm -qa显示系统已安装的所有软件包
", "image_path": "6b79697229c0080a06cc9cd0396e1b09db3f3272e90f20d25155ea92a11c11bc.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 32, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 32 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 37 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 76, 595, 377 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 595, 377 ], "lines": [], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body", "lines_deleted": true } ], "index": 0 }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 405, 595, 715 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 405, 595, 715 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 405, 595, 715 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 405, 595, 715 ], "type": "table", "html": "
命令功能
top显示当前系统中耗费资源最多的进程
free显示当前内存的使用情况 (cat /proc/meminfo)
du -h显示指定的文件（目录）已使用的磁盘空间的总量
df -h显示文件系统磁盘空间的使用情况
uptime显示系统运行时间、用户数、负载
fdisk -l查看所有分区
mount查看已经挂装的分区
swapon -s查看所有交换分区
ps -ef查看所有进程
pstree显示进程树
chkconfig --list列出所有系统服务
who、w显示在线登录用户
whoami显示用户自己的身份
tty显示用户当前使用的终端
id显示当前用户的 id 信息
groups显示当前用户属于哪些组
last查看用户登录日志
crontab -l查看当前用户的计划任务
", "image_path": "571e250e2912a9225496abe1932075a2964a002b3988a188b852da37e6cb6f53.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 1 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 38 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 76, 595, 290 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 595, 290 ], "lines": [], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body", "lines_deleted": true } ], "index": 0 }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 321, 595, 512 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 321, 595, 512 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 321, 595, 512 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 321, 595, 512 ], "type": "table", "html": "
命令功能
ifconfig显示网络接口信息
route显示系统路由表
iptables -nL显示包过滤防火墙的规则设置
netstat显示网络状态信息
cat /etc/resolv.conf显示DNS配置
cat /etc/hosts显示静态主机解析表
", "image_path": "b76b8df221c3e71ce44dc456f0280f46cab369cbfec1d530bac6ce28a1981c09.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 1 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 546, 187, 565 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 188, 568 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 188, 568 ], "type": "text", "content": "数据流重定向", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 602, 509, 661 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 602, 510, 615 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 602, 442, 615 ], "type": "text", "content": "你可能对重定向这个概念感到些许陌生，但你应该在前面的课程中多次见过", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 442, 603, 450, 613 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": ">", "score": 0.76 }, { "bbox": [ 451, 602, 459, 615 ], "type": "text", "content": "或", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 459, 603, 473, 613 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "{ } > > { }", "score": 0.83 }, { "bbox": [ 473, 602, 510, 615 ], "type": "text", "content": "操作了，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 618, 506, 631 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 618, 506, 631 ], "type": "text", "content": "并知道他们分别是将标准输出导向一个文件或追加到一个文件中。这其实就是（输出）重", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 634, 506, 647 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 634, 506, 647 ], "type": "text", "content": "定向，将原本输出到标准输出的数据重定向到一个文件中，因为标准输出(/dev/stdout)本", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 650, 442, 662 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 650, 442, 662 ], "type": "text", "content": "身也是一个文件，我们将命令输出导向另一个文件自然也是没有任何问题的。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 664, 449, 678 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 664, 449, 678 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 664, 289, 678 ], "type": "text", "content": "上述两个重定向是输出重定向。相应的还有", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 289, 666, 299, 676 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "<", "score": 0.8 }, { "bbox": [ 299, 664, 311, 678 ], "type": "text", "content": "和", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 311, 666, 327, 677 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "< <", "score": 0.83 }, { "bbox": [ 327, 664, 449, 678 ], "type": "text", "content": "两种操作，是输入重定向。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 680, 506, 725 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 681, 504, 693 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 681, 504, 693 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 Linux 系统中默认提供了三个逻辑设备（特殊文件），用于终端的显示和输出，分别", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 695, 506, 709 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 695, 506, 709 ], "type": "text", "content": "为stdin （标准输入,默认对应于终端作为输入），stdout （标准输出，默认对应于终端作", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 712, 390, 724 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 712, 390, 724 ], "type": "text", "content": "为输出），stderr （标准错误输出，默认对应于终端作为输出）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 39 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 76, 585, 179 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 585, 179 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 585, 179 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 585, 179 ], "type": "table", "html": "
文件描述符设备文件说明常见指向目标
0/dev/stdin标准输入终端设备/dev/pts/1
1dev/stdout标准输出终端设备
2dev/stderr标准错误终端设备
", "image_path": "a894eca557e32e892ff2f149c0105aa29819e05fbdf14040c30a6ddb1cd902e9.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 180, 507, 256 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 182, 505, 193 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 182, 505, 193 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件描述符：在形式上是一个非负整数。实际上，它是一个索引值，指向内核为每一个进", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 198, 505, 209 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 198, 505, 209 ], "type": "text", "content": "程所维护的记录表，表中记录该进程打开文件的信息。当进程打开一个现有文件或者创建", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 212, 505, 225 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 212, 505, 225 ], "type": "text", "content": "一个新文件时，内核就会向进程返回一个文件描述符。在程序设计中，一些涉及底层的程", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 227, 505, 240 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 227, 505, 240 ], "type": "text", "content": "序 编 写往往会围绕着 文 件描述符展开 。 但 是 文 件描述符这 一概念往往只 适 用 于", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 244, 234, 256 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 244, 234, 256 ], "type": "text", "content": "UNIX、Linux 这样的操作系统。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 265, 330, 280 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 265, 330, 282 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 265, 330, 282 ], "type": "text", "content": "操作符 文件存在时的行为 文件不存在时的行为", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 296, 288, 342 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 296, 288, 312 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 287, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 300, 95, 308 ], "type": "text", "content": ">", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 134, 296, 189, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "覆盖原内容", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 233, 297, 287, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建新文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 328, 287, 342 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 328, 287, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 328, 102, 342 ], "type": "text", "content": ">>", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 134, 328, 287, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "追加到原内容末尾 创建新文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 104, 383, 475, 396 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 384, 476, 396 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 384, 476, 396 ], "type": "text", "content": " 默认使用终端的标准输入stdin 作为命令的输入和标准输出作为命令的输出：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 400, 105, 410 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 399, 107, 414 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 399, 107, 414 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 414, 170, 428 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 413, 171, 429 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 413, 111, 429 ], "type": "text", "content": "（按", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 112, 414, 143, 427 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathsf { C t r l + C }", "score": 0.58 }, { "bbox": [ 144, 413, 171, 429 ], "type": "text", "content": "退出）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 445, 424, 459 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 445, 426, 460 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 445, 426, 460 ], "type": "text", "content": " 将 cat 接收的输入又输出（heredoc 的方式）重定向到一个文件：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 461, 179, 472 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 460, 179, 475 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 460, 179, 475 ], "type": "text", "content": "mkdir Documents", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 477, 237, 488 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 476, 239, 491 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 476, 105, 491 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 105, 478, 114, 487 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": ">", "score": 0.76 }, { "bbox": [ 114, 476, 239, 491 ], "type": "text", "content": "Documents/test.c <", "score": 0.76 }, { "bbox": [ 153, 522, 503, 539 ], "type": "text", "content": "Documents/test.c 表示将 cat 命令的输出重定向到 Documents/test.c", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 123, 538, 267, 553 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 538, 267, 553 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件（如果文件不存在则创建）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 555, 401, 567 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 553, 403, 570 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 553, 403, 570 ], "type": "text", "content": "1. <", "score": 0.8 }, { "bbox": [ 205, 172, 246, 187 ], "type": "text", "content": "redirect", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 188, 146, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 147, 201 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 147, 201 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat redirect", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 203, 282, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 204, 282, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 204, 282, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "也就是说，cat和echo都可以重定向输出", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 219, 504, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 220, 505, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 220, 505, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "管道默认是连接前一个命令的输出到下一个命令的输入，而重定向通常是需要一个文件来", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 189, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 189, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "建立两个命令的连接。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 250, 504, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 252, 504, 263 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 252, 504, 263 ], "type": "text", "content": "重定向标准输出到文件，这是一个很实用的操作，另一个很实用的操作是将标准错误重定", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 266, 505, 279 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 266, 505, 279 ], "type": "text", "content": "向，标准输出和标准错误都被指向伪终端的屏幕显示，所以我们经常看到的一个命令的输", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 411, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 411, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": "出通常是同时包含了标准输出和标准错误的结果的。比如下面的操作：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 297, 392, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 393, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 393, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 使用 cat 命令同时读取两个文件，其中一个存在，另一个不存在", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 313, 229, 325 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 231, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 231, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat Documents/test.c hello.c", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 328, 456, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 329, 456, 342 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 329, 456, 342 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 你可以看到除了正确输出了前一个文件的内容，还在末尾出现了一条错误信息", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 343, 257, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 257, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 257, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 下面我们将输出重定向到一个文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 359, 282, 371 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 283, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 229, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat Documents/test.c hello.c", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 229, 361, 239, 370 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": ">", "score": 0.79 }, { "bbox": [ 239, 359, 283, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "somefile", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 390, 505, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 505, 402 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 505, 402 ], "type": "text", "content": "遗憾的是，这里依然出现了那条错误信息，这正是因为如我上面说的那样，标准输出和标", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 505, 418 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 505, 418 ], "type": "text", "content": "准错误虽然都指向终端屏幕，实际它们并不一样。那有的时候我们就是要隐藏某些错误或", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 410, 434 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 410, 434 ], "type": "text", "content": "者警告，那又该怎么做呢。这就需要用到我们前面讲的文件描述符了：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 437, 503, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 438, 504, 450 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 438, 504, 450 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 将标准错误重定向到标准输出，再将标准输出重定向到文件，注意要将重定向到文件写", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 451, 123, 468 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 451, 123, 468 ], "type": "text", "content": "到前面", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 469, 307, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 308, 482 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 229, 482 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat Documents/test.c hello.c", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 229, 470, 238, 480 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": ">", "score": 0.53 }, { "bbox": [ 238, 469, 280, 482 ], "type": "text", "content": "somefile", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 280, 469, 308, 481 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "2 { > } 8 1", "score": 0.82 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 493, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 485, 493, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 485, 493, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 或者只用bash提供的特殊的重定向符号\"&\"将标准错误和标准输出同时重定向到文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 500, 306, 511 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 307, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 230, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat Documents/test.c hello.c", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 230, 501, 245, 511 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\& >", "score": 0.59 }, { "bbox": [ 245, 500, 307, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "somefilehell", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 515, 504, 543 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 506, 529 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 506, 529 ], "type": "text", "content": "注意你应该在输出重定向文件描述符前加上&,否则 shell 会当做重定向到一个文件名为 1", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 529, 134, 545 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 529, 134, 545 ], "type": "text", "content": "的文件中", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 546, 240, 560 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 238, 561 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 218, 561 ], "type": "text", "content": "方法 1：仅重定向标准错误", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 219, 546, 238, 559 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "( 2 > )", "score": 0.62 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 562, 288, 576 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 289, 578 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 229, 578 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat Documents/test.c hello.c", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 230, 563, 245, 574 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "^ { 2 > }", "score": 0.84 }, { "bbox": [ 245, 560, 289, 578 ], "type": "text", "content": "error.log", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 577, 270, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 575, 271, 593 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 575, 201, 593 ], "type": "text", "content": "方法 2：丢弃标准错误（", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 202, 578, 216, 590 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "2 >", "score": 0.7 }, { "bbox": [ 217, 575, 271, 593 ], "type": "text", "content": "/dev/null）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 593, 273, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 273, 607 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 273, 607 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果不想保存错误信息，而是直接丢弃：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 609, 290, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 291, 623 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 229, 623 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat Documents/test.c hello.c", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 230, 609, 245, 620 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "^ { 2 > }", "score": 0.83 }, { "bbox": [ 245, 608, 291, 623 ], "type": "text", "content": "/dev/null", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 624, 369, 637 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 624, 370, 640 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 624, 370, 640 ], "type": "text", "content": " /dev/null 是一个特殊设备，写入它的数据会被丢弃。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 640, 504, 667 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 505, 653 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 505, 653 ], "type": "text", "content": "你可能还有这样的需求，除了需要将输出重定向到文件,也需要将信息打印在终端。那么你", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 655, 210, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 655, 210, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以使用tee命令来实现：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 671, 249, 683 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 250, 685 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 250, 685 ], "type": "text", "content": "echo 'hello shiyanlou' | tee hello", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 687, 504, 761 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 505, 699 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 505, 699 ], "type": "text", "content": "你应该可以看出我们前面的重定向操作都只是临时性的，即只对当前命令有效，那如何做", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 499, 715 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 499, 715 ], "type": "text", "content": "到“永久”有效呢，比如在一个脚本中，你需要某一部分的命令的输出全部进行重定向，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 719, 505, 731 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 719, 505, 731 ], "type": "text", "content": "难道要让你在每个命令上面加上临时重定向的操作嘛，当然不需要，我们可以使用 exec命", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 734, 506, 746 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 734, 506, 746 ], "type": "text", "content": "令实现“永久”重定向。exec命令的作用是使用指定的命令替换当前的 Shell，即使用一", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 750, 295, 762 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 750, 295, 762 ], "type": "text", "content": "个进程替换当前进程，或者指定新的重定向：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 41 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 189, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 189, 93 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 189, 93 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 先开启一个子 Shell", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 95, 107, 106 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 93, 109, 109 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 93, 109, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": "zsh", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 110, 398, 122 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 399, 124 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 399, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 使用 exec 替换当前进程的重定向，将标准输出重定向到一个文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 126, 169, 137 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 170, 139 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 170, 139 ], "type": "text", "content": "exec 1>somefile", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 141, 505, 170 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 141, 506, 156 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 141, 506, 156 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 后面你执行的命令的输出都将被重定向到文件中,直到你退出当前子 shell，或取消 exec", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 240, 169 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 240, 169 ], "type": "text", "content": "的重定向（后面将告诉你怎么做）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 173, 98, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 99, 187 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 99, 187 ], "type": "text", "content": "ls", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 189, 108, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 188, 110, 201 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 188, 110, 201 ], "type": "text", "content": "exit", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 203, 151, 215 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 151, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 151, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat somefile", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 219, 201, 232 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 201, 234 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 201, 234 ], "type": "text", "content": "什么没有新开终端窗口？", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 235, 203, 247 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 109, 233, 205, 249 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 109, 233, 205, 249 ], "type": "text", "content": " zsh 命令的本质：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 121, 250, 505, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 250, 506, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 250, 506, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "它只是在当前终端中新建一个 Zsh 子进程，而不是像图形化终端（如 GNOME", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 124, 266, 279, 279 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 266, 279, 279 ], "type": "text", "content": "Terminal）那样创建一个新窗口。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 282, 198, 294 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 281, 199, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 281, 199, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": "输入/输出继承：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 122, 297, 505, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 296, 506, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 296, 506, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "子 Shell 默认绑定到父 Shell 的同一个终端设备（如 /dev/pts/1），所以输入/输", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 124, 312, 190, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 312, 190, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "出仍在原窗口", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 328, 211, 341 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 328, 212, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 328, 212, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "方法 1：检查进程层级", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 344, 193, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 343, 195, 358 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 343, 195, 358 ], "type": "text", "content": "在子 Shell 中运行：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 360, 172, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 359, 173, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 359, 173, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "pstree -ps $$", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 390, 505, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 505, 403 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 505, 403 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 Shell 中有 9 个文件描述符。上面我们使用了也是它默认提供的 0,1,2 号文件描述符。另", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 505, 419 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 505, 419 ], "type": "text", "content": "外我们还可以使用 3-8 的文件描述符，只是它们默认没有打开而已。你可以使用下面命令", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 282, 434 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 282, 434 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看当前Shell 进程中打开的文件描述符：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 437, 170, 449 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 171, 452 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 171, 452 ], "type": "text", "content": "cd /dev/fd/;ls -Al", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 468, 299, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 300, 483 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 300, 483 ], "type": "text", "content": "同样使用 exec 命令可以创建新的文件描述符：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 485, 107, 496 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 483, 109, 499 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 483, 109, 499 ], "type": "text", "content": "zsh", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 500, 169, 511 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 499, 170, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 499, 113, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "exec", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 113, 501, 126, 511 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathsf { 3 > }", "score": 0.55 }, { "bbox": [ 126, 499, 170, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "somefile", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 515, 477, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 478, 529 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 478, 529 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 先进入目录，再查看，否则你可能不能得到正确的结果，然后再回到上一次的目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 531, 190, 543 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 191, 545 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 191, 545 ], "type": "text", "content": "cd /dev/fd/;ls -Al;cd -", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 546, 386, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 387, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 387, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 注意下面的命令>与&之间不应该有空格，如果有空格则会出错", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 562, 198, 574 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 561, 198, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 561, 175, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "echo \"this is test\"", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 176, 563, 198, 574 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "> 8 . 3", "score": 0.61 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 578, 150, 589 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 151, 591 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 151, 591 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat somefile", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 594, 108, 604 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 593, 110, 607 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 593, 110, 607 ], "type": "text", "content": "exit", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 608, 389, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 390, 623 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 390, 623 ], "type": "text", "content": "如上面我们打开的 3 号文件描述符，可以使用如下操作将它关闭：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 625, 138, 636 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 139, 639 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 113, 639 ], "type": "text", "content": "exec", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 113, 624, 135, 636 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "3 > 8 \\cdot", "score": 0.82 }, { "bbox": [ 135, 624, 139, 639 ], "type": "text", "content": "-", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 640, 186, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 639, 188, 655 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 639, 188, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "cd /dev/fd;ls -Al;cd -", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 655, 464, 668 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 468, 671 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 468, 671 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 Linux 中有一个被称为“黑洞”的设备文件,所有导入它的数据都将被“吞噬”。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 671, 504, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 671, 504, 684 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 671, 504, 684 ], "type": "text", "content": "在类 UNIX 系统中，/dev/null，或称空设备，是一个特殊的设备文件，它通常被用于丢弃", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 505, 700 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 505, 700 ], "type": "text", "content": "不需要的输出流，或作为用于输入流的空文件，这些操作通常由重定向完成。读取它则会", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 181, 717 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 181, 717 ], "type": "text", "content": "立即得到一个 EOF。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 717, 277, 730 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 717, 279, 731 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 717, 279, 731 ], "type": "text", "content": "我们可以利用/dev/null屏蔽命令的输出：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 734, 280, 745 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 280, 746 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 253, 746 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat Documents/test.c 1>/dev/null", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 254, 734, 280, 745 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "2 { > } 8 1", "score": 0.73 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 749, 504, 762 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 749, 505, 763 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 749, 505, 763 ], "type": "text", "content": "当我们需要使用apt-get安装一个软件，然后安装完成后立即运行安装的软件（或命令工", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 42 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 115, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 117, 96 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 117, 96 ], "type": "text", "content": "具），", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 95, 504, 122 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 505, 107 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 505, 107 ], "type": "text", "content": "这时你可能就会想：要是我可以一次性输入完，让它自己去依次执行各命令就好了，这就", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 211, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 211, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "是这一小节要解决的问题。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 125, 329, 138 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 329, 140 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 329, 140 ], "type": "text", "content": "简单的顺序执行可以使用;，比如上述操作可以写为：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 142, 163, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 163, 154 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 163, 154 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 命令顺序执行", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 157, 393, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 395, 172 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 395, 172 ], "type": "text", "content": "sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get install some-tool;some-tool", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 172, 504, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 499, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 499, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "但是有时候这样的错误并不是直观可以判断出来的。因此需要能够有选择性的执行命令，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 188, 505, 200 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 188, 505, 200 ], "type": "text", "content": "比如上一条命令执行成功才继续下一条，或者不成功又该做出其它什么处理,比如我们使用", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 504, 216 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 504, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "which来查找是否安装了某个命令，如果找到就执行该命令，否则什么也不做（虽然这个", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 359, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 359, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "操作没有什么实际意义，但可帮你更好的理解一些概念）：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 235, 352, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 233, 353, 249 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 233, 157, 249 ], "type": "text", "content": "which cowsay", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 158, 237, 167, 245 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": ">", "score": 0.78 }, { "bbox": [ 167, 233, 353, 249 ], "type": "text", "content": "/dev/null && cowsay -f head-in ohch~", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 250, 199, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 199, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 199, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "cowsay 没有是 1 有是 0", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 265, 504, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 267, 504, 278 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 267, 504, 278 ], "type": "text", "content": "上面命令中的 && 就是用来实现选择性执行的，它表示如果前面的命令执行结果（不是表", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 505, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 505, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": "示终端输出的内容，而是表示命令执行状态的结果）返回 0 则执行后面的命令，否则不继", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 330, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 248, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "续执行。上一次命令的返回结果从", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 248, 297, 261, 310 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 7", "score": 0.81 }, { "bbox": [ 261, 297, 330, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "环境变量获取.", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 312, 504, 371 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 506, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 506, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "而且还有一个 || 表示逻辑或，同样 Shell 也有一个 ||，它们的区别就在于，shell 中的这", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 329, 505, 341 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 329, 505, 341 ], "type": "text", "content": "两个符号除了也可用于表示逻辑与和或之外，就是可以实现这里的命令执行顺序的简单控", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 506, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 415, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "制。|| 在这里就是与&& 相反的控制效果，当上一条命令执行结果为", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 415, 344, 462, 357 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\neq 0 ( \\$ 20)", "score": 0.92 }, { "bbox": [ 462, 343, 506, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "时则执行", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 359, 158, 373 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 359, 158, 373 ], "type": "text", "content": "它后面的命令：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 374, 146, 537 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 146, 537 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 146, 537 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 146, 537 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "ab750f6726b902e0fc0de54e6354b6ff90d9bafd3e35cdf5693a2fc44eeed82b.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 10, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 10 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 545, 381, 560 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 380, 561 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 380, 561 ], "type": "text", "content": "which cowsay>/dev/null && echo \"exist\" || echo \"not exist\"", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 562, 382, 575 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 560, 384, 578 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 560, 384, 578 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果存在 ——echo “exists”成立，返回 0——后面那一句不成立", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 577, 390, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 391, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 391, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果不存在——echo “exists”不成立，返回 1——后面那一句成立", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 593, 154, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 154, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 154, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果二者互换", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 608, 379, 622 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 380, 624 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 380, 624 ], "type": "text", "content": "which cowsay>/dev/null || echo \"not exist\" && echo \"exist\"", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 624, 376, 637 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 622, 378, 640 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 622, 378, 640 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果存在——echo “not exist”不成立,返回 1——后面也不成立", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 640, 353, 653 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 353, 655 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 353, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果不存在—echo “not exist”成立，返回 0——后面成立", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 655, 154, 667 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 154, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 154, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果二者互换", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 671, 379, 684 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 670, 380, 686 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 670, 380, 686 ], "type": "text", "content": "which cowsay>/dev/null || echo \"exist\" && echo \"not exist\"", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 687, 152, 699 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 153, 701 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 153, 701 ], "type": "text", "content": "那完全就反了", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 702, 369, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 700, 370, 718 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 700, 370, 718 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果存在——echo “exists”不成立，返回 1——后面也不成立", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 717, 504, 762 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 717, 505, 731 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 717, 505, 731 ], "type": "text", "content": "管道是什么？管道是一种通信机制，通常用于进程间的通信（也可通过 socket 进行网络通", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 505, 746 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 505, 746 ], "type": "text", "content": "信），它表现出来的形式就是将前面每一个进程的输出(stdout)直接作为下一个进程的输", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 748, 138, 765 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 748, 138, 765 ], "type": "text", "content": "入(stdin)。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 43 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 506, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 504, 90 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 504, 90 ], "type": "text", "content": "管道又分为匿名管道和具名管道（这里将不会讨论在源程序中使用系统调用创建并使用管", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 505, 106 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 505, 106 ], "type": "text", "content": "道的情况，它与命令行的管道在内核中实际都是采用相同的机制）。我们在使用一些过滤", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 505, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 505, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "程序时经常会用到的就是匿名管道，在命令行中由 | 分隔符表示， | 在前面的内容中我们", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 504, 137 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 504, 137 ], "type": "text", "content": "已经多次使用到了。具名管道简单的说就是有名字的管道，通常只会在源程序中用到具名", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 503, 154 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 503, 154 ], "type": "text", "content": "管道。下面我们就将通过一些常用的可以使用管道的\"过滤程序\"来帮助你熟练管道的使用。", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 158, 458, 169 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 158, 458, 169 ], "type": "text", "content": "先试用一下管道，比如查看/etc 目录下有哪些文件和目录，使用ls 命令来查看：", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 135, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 135, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "ls -al /etc", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 203, 506, 233 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 204, 506, 216 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 204, 506, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "有太多内容，屏幕不能完全显示，这时候可以使用滚动条或快捷键滚动窗口来查看。不过", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 190, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 190, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "这时候可以使用管道：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 87, 235, 164, 247 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 235, 164, 247 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 235, 164, 247 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 235, 164, 247 ], "type": "text", "content": "Is -al /etc | less" } ] } ], "index": 2, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 2, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 265, 500, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 264, 503, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 264, 503, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "通过管道将前一个命令(ls)的输出作为下一个命令(less)的输入，然后就可以一行一行地看。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 282, 129, 294 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 129, 294 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 129, 294 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 129, 294 ], "type": "text", "content": "cut命令" } ] } ], "index": 4, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 4, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 195, 309 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 195, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 195, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "打印每一行的某一字段", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 504, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 505, 325 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 505, 325 ], "type": "text", "content": "打印/etc/passwd 文件中以: 为分隔符的第 1 个字段和第 6 个字段分别表示用户名和其家", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 327, 119, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 327, 119, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "目录：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 343, 218, 356 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 218, 356 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 218, 356 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 218, 356 ], "type": "text", "content": "cut /etc/passwd -d ':-' -f 1,6" } ] } ], "index": 7, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 7, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "batch" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 308, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 310, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 310, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "打印 /etc/passwd 文件中每一行的前 N 个字符：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 375, 198, 387 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 198, 387 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 198, 387 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 198, 387 ], "type": "text", "content": "前五个（包含第五个）" } ] } ], "index": 9, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 9, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 391, 190, 403 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 190, 403 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 190, 403 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 190, 403 ], "type": "text", "content": "cut /etc/passwd -c -5" } ] } ], "index": 10, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 10, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "batch" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 406, 229, 418 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 229, 418 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 229, 418 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 229, 418 ], "type": "text", "content": "前五个之后的（包含第五个）" } ] } ], "index": 11, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 11, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 99, 423, 201, 434 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 423, 201, 434 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 423, 201, 434 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 423, 201, 434 ], "type": "text", "content": "cut /etc/passwd -c 5-" } ] } ], "index": 12, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 12, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 438, 130, 449 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 130, 449 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 130, 449 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 130, 449 ], "type": "text", "content": "第五个" } ] } ], "index": 13, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 13, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 454, 188, 465 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 188, 465 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 188, 465 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 188, 465 ], "type": "text", "content": "cut /etc/passwd -c 5" } ] } ], "index": 14, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 14, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "batch" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 469, 227, 481 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 227, 481 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 227, 481 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 227, 481 ], "type": "text", "content": "2到5之间的（包含第五个）" } ] } ], "index": 15, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 15, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 485, 197, 497 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 485, 197, 497 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 485, 197, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 485, 197, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "cut /etc/passwd -c 2-5" } ] } ], "index": 16, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 16, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "batch" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 515, 500, 560 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 514, 486, 529 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 514, 486, 529 ], "type": "text", "content": "输出时，cut 直接拼接 \"one\" 和 \"three\"，不添加任何字符，所以结果是 \"onethree\"", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 501, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 501, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "但你的测试显示输出是\"one:three\"，这说明：你的cut 版本（可能是某些定制版或不同", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 206, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 206, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "环境）可能行为略有不同", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 562, 201, 574 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 201, 574 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 201, 574 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 201, 574 ], "type": "text", "content": "-d, -- delimiter=DELIM" } ] } ], "index": 18, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 18, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 577, 318, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 575, 322, 593 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 575, 322, 593 ], "type": "text", "content": "作用：指定字段的分隔符（默认是 TAB 制表符）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 593, 166, 605 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 166, 605 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 166, 605 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 166, 605 ], "type": "text", "content": "-f, --fields=LIST" } ] } ], "index": 20, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 20, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 608, 419, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 421, 623 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 421, 623 ], "type": "text", "content": "作用：选择要提取的字段（列），可以指定单个字段、多个字段或范围。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 660, 154, 678 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 659, 157, 679 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 659, 157, 679 ], "type": "text", "content": "grep 命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 726, 505, 756 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 726, 506, 741 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 726, 506, 741 ], "type": "text", "content": "grep（global search regular expression）是一个强大的文本搜索工具。grep 使用正则", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 741, 285, 756 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 741, 285, 756 ], "type": "text", "content": "表达式搜索文本，并把匹配的行打印出来。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 44 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 310, 92 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 312, 95 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 312, 95 ], "type": "text", "content": "UNIX 的 grep 家族包括 grep、egrep 和 fgrep：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 95, 435, 108 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 93, 437, 111 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 93, 437, 111 ], "type": "text", "content": "grep 使用 Basic regular expression (BRE) 书写匹配模式，等效于 grep -G", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 110, 458, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 109, 460, 126 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 109, 460, 126 ], "type": "text", "content": "egrep 使用 Extended regular expression (ERE) 书写匹配模式，等效于 grep -E", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 125, 503, 155 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 505, 140 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 505, 140 ], "type": "text", "content": "fgrep 不使用任何正则表达式书写匹配模式（以固定字符串对待），执行快速搜索，等效", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 140, 141, 157 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 140, 141, 157 ], "type": "text", "content": "于 grep -F", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 172, 372, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 171, 373, 187 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 171, 373, 187 ], "type": "text", "content": "在文本中或 stdin 中查找匹配字符串 grep 命令的一般形式为：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 188, 298, 201 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 187, 300, 204 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 187, 300, 204 ], "type": "text", "content": "grep [命令选项]... 用于匹配的表达式 [文件]...", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 203, 245, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 246, 219 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 246, 219 ], "type": "text", "content": "grep [options] PATTERN [FILE...]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 219, 189, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 189, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 189, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "PATTERN 是查找条件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 234, 174, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 174, 249 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 174, 249 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以是普通字符串", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 250, 310, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 250, 311, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 250, 311, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以是正则表达式，通常用单引号将RE括起来。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 265, 503, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 266, 505, 279 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 266, 505, 279 ], "type": "text", "content": "FILE 是要查找的文件，可以是用空格间隔的多个文件，也可是使用Shell的通配符在多个", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 341, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 341, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件中查找PATTERN，省略时表示在标准输入中查找。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 297, 486, 311 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 489, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 489, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "grep 命令不会对输入文件进行任何修改或影响，可以使用输出重定向将结果存为文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 85, 324, 594, 611 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 324, 594, 611 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 324, 594, 611 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 324, 594, 611 ], "type": "table", "html": "
-c只显示匹配行的次数
-i搜索时不区分大小写
-n输出匹配行的行号
-v输出不匹配的行（反向选择）
-r对目录（子目录）的所有文件递归地进行
-l列出匹配PATTERN的文件名
--color=auto对匹配内容高亮显示
-A NUM同时输出匹配行的后NUM行
-B NUM同时输出匹配行的前NUM行
-C NUM同时输出匹配行的前、后各NUM行
", "image_path": "41579807cb10edeb71e1dc2fdef0de578392a54051ae55366b7f17705475bc06.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 12, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 12 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 628, 209, 641 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 628, 210, 641 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 628, 210, 641 ], "type": "text", "content": "grep在文件中查找字符串", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 643, 196, 657 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 644, 197, 657 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 644, 197, 657 ], "type": "text", "content": "grep 表达式 目标文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 659, 163, 672 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 659, 165, 673 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 659, 165, 673 ], "type": "text", "content": "grep “abc” file1", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 674, 173, 688 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 672, 174, 691 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 672, 174, 691 ], "type": "text", "content": "ls –l | grep “^-r.x”", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 705, 504, 734 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 706, 506, 719 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 706, 506, 719 ], "type": "text", "content": "xargs 是一条 UNIX 和类 UNIX 操作系统的常用命令。它的作用是将参数列表转换成小块", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 721, 327, 735 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 721, 327, 735 ], "type": "text", "content": "分段传递给其他命令，以避免参数列表过长的问题。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 736, 504, 750 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 736, 506, 751 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 736, 506, 751 ], "type": "text", "content": "这 个命令在 有些时候十分 有 用 ，特别是当用 来处理 产生大量输出 结果的命令如 fin", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 45 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 214, 92 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 215, 94 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 215, 94 ], "type": "text", "content": "d，locate 和 grep 的结果。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 95, 304, 108 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 93, 304, 111 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 93, 136, 111 ], "type": "text", "content": "cut -d: -f1", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 136, 95, 146, 105 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "<", "score": 0.73 }, { "bbox": [ 146, 93, 304, 111 ], "type": "text", "content": "/etc/passwd | sort | xargs echo", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 110, 504, 139 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 505, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 505, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "上面这个命令用于将 /etc/passwd 文件按 : 分割取第一个字段排序后，使用 echo 命令生", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 149, 140 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 149, 140 ], "type": "text", "content": "成一个列表。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 155, 595, 446 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 142, 153, 153 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 154, 155 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 154, 155 ], "type": "text", "content": "文本分析命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ], "index": 3, "angle": 0, "type": "table_caption" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 155, 595, 446 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 155, 595, 446 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 155, 595, 446 ], "type": "table", "html": "
命令功能
wc统计文本
sort以行为单位对文本文件排序
uniq删除文本文件中连续的重复的行
diff比较两个文本文件的差异
diff3比较三个文本文件的差异
patch为文本文件打补丁
aspell为文本文件做拼写检查（西文）
", "image_path": "c332016f3d97366dab153e0bdd76c9ab7b0a5e0f3c09319fb644f4c680333012.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 4, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 4 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 484, 141, 500 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 481, 143, 502 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 481, 143, 502 ], "type": "text", "content": "wc 命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 534, 505, 548 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 534, 505, 549 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 534, 505, 549 ], "type": "text", "content": "用于统计并输出一个文件中行、单词和字节的数目，比如输出 /etc/passwd 文件的统计信", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 550, 105, 562 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 550, 108, 565 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 550, 108, 565 ], "type": "text", "content": "息：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 565, 166, 578 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 565, 167, 581 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 565, 167, 581 ], "type": "text", "content": "wc /etc/passwd", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 581, 290, 594 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 581, 290, 595 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 581, 290, 595 ], "type": "text", "content": "功能：统计文本文件的行数、字数、字符数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 597, 220, 610 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 595, 221, 613 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 595, 221, 613 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式：wc [选项] [<文件> …]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 613, 111, 624 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 611, 113, 629 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 611, 113, 629 ], "type": "text", "content": "举例", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 628, 130, 640 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 627, 131, 642 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 629, 96, 640 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.78 }, { "bbox": [ 96, 627, 131, 642 ], "type": "text", "content": "wc file", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 644, 139, 655 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 643, 140, 657 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 645, 96, 656 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.75 }, { "bbox": [ 96, 643, 140, 657 ], "type": "text", "content": "wc -l file", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 169, 644, 223, 655 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 168, 644, 224, 657 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 168, 644, 224, 657 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 统计行数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 660, 143, 671 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 659, 145, 673 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 660, 96, 671 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.82 }, { "bbox": [ 96, 659, 145, 673 ], "type": "text", "content": "wc -w file", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 169, 660, 223, 671 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 169, 659, 224, 671 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 169, 659, 224, 671 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 统计字数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 675, 141, 686 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 674, 142, 688 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 676, 96, 687 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.79 }, { "bbox": [ 96, 674, 142, 688 ], "type": "text", "content": "wc -c file", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 169, 675, 233, 687 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 168, 675, 233, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 168, 675, 233, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 统计字符数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 690, 141, 702 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 690, 143, 704 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 691, 96, 703 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.74 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 690, 143, 704 ], "type": "text", "content": "wc -L file", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 169, 690, 276, 703 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 169, 691, 276, 704 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 169, 691, 276, 704 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 统计最长一行的长度", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 46 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 85, 149, 101 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 83, 153, 104 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 83, 153, 104 ], "type": "text", "content": "Sort 排序", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 136, 247, 148 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 137, 248, 148 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 137, 248, 148 ], "type": "text", "content": "功能：以行为单位对文件进行排序", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 151, 225, 164 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 149, 227, 167 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 149, 227, 167 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式：sort [选项] [<文件> …]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 167, 111, 179 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 166, 114, 184 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 166, 114, 184 ], "type": "text", "content": "选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 211, 595, 438 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 211, 595, 438 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 211, 595, 438 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 211, 595, 438 ], "type": "table", "html": "
-r逆向排序
-f忽略字母的大小写
-n根据字符串的数值进行排序
-u对相同的行只输出一行
-t c选项使用c做为列的间隔符
-b忽略前导的空格
-i只考虑可打印字符
-k N以第N列进行排序（默认以空格或制表符作为列的间隔符）
", "image_path": "f48e7aba1abf58194d61662073a98f73ff4a72e9f631262dd5a7e05fb6165ceb.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 4, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 4 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 455, 168, 467 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 456, 168, 468 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 456, 168, 468 ], "type": "text", "content": "默认为字典排序：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 471, 198, 484 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 470, 199, 486 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 470, 199, 486 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat /etc/passwd | sort", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 502, 136, 514 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 502, 139, 516 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 502, 139, 516 ], "type": "text", "content": "反转排序：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 518, 209, 531 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 518, 210, 533 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 518, 210, 533 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat /etc/passwd | sort -r", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 534, 168, 545 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 534, 169, 547 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 534, 169, 547 ], "type": "text", "content": "按特定字段排序：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 549, 236, 562 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 549, 238, 563 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 549, 238, 563 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat /etc/passwd | sort -t':' -k 3", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 579, 504, 624 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 581, 505, 593 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 581, 505, 593 ], "type": "text", "content": "上面的 -t 参数用于指定字段的分隔符，这里是以\":\"作为分隔符；-k 字段号 用于指定对哪", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 595, 505, 610 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 595, 505, 610 ], "type": "text", "content": "一个字段进行排序。这里 /etc/passwd 文件的第三个字段为数字，默认情况下是以字典序", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 612, 309, 624 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 612, 309, 624 ], "type": "text", "content": "排序的，如果要按照数字排序就要加上-n 参数：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 627, 248, 640 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 626, 250, 641 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 626, 250, 641 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat /etc/passwd | sort -t':' -k 3 -n", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 643, 276, 655 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 642, 277, 657 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 642, 277, 657 ], "type": "text", "content": "uniq 命令可以用于过滤或者输出重复行。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 658, 179, 671 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 656, 180, 672 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 656, 180, 672 ], "type": "text", "content": "过滤重复行", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 47 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 85, 173, 103 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 83, 176, 105 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 83, 176, 105 ], "type": "text", "content": "History 命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 136, 505, 180 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 136, 506, 150 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 136, 506, 150 ], "type": "text", "content": "我们可以使用 history 命令查看最近执行过的命令（实际为读取${SHELL}_history 文件,如", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 151, 505, 165 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 151, 505, 165 ], "type": "text", "content": "我们环境中的~/.zsh_history 文件），不过你可能只想查看使用了哪个命令而不需要知道", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 168, 452, 181 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 168, 452, 181 ], "type": "text", "content": "具体干了什么，那么你可能就会要想去掉命令后面的参数然后去掉重复的命令：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 182, 276, 196 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 180, 277, 199 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 180, 277, 199 ], "type": "text", "content": "history | cut -c 8- | cut -d ' ' -f 1 | uniq", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 213, 505, 258 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 216, 505, 227 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 216, 505, 227 ], "type": "text", "content": "然后经过层层过滤，你会发现确是只输出了执行的命令那一列，不过去重效果好像不明显", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 230, 505, 243 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 230, 505, 243 ], "type": "text", "content": "仔细看你会发现它确实去重了，只是不那么明显，之所以不明显是因为uniq命令只能去", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 245, 400, 258 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 245, 400, 258 ], "type": "text", "content": "连续重复的行，不是全文去重，所以要达到预期效果，我们先排序：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 260, 307, 275 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 258, 308, 277 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 258, 308, 277 ], "type": "text", "content": "history | cut -c 8- | cut -d ' ' -f 1 | sort | uniq", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 276, 121, 289 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 275, 123, 291 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 275, 123, 291 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 或者", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 291, 285, 305 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 290, 286, 307 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 290, 286, 307 ], "type": "text", "content": "history | cut -c 8- | cut -d ' ' -f 1 | sort -u", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 322, 492, 336 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 322, 492, 337 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 322, 492, 337 ], "type": "text", "content": "这就是 Linux/UNIX 哲学吸引人的地方，大繁至简，一个命令只干一件事却能干到最好。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 338, 180, 351 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 338, 179, 352 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 338, 179, 352 ], "type": "text", "content": "输出重复行", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 354, 330, 367 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 354, 331, 367 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 354, 331, 367 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 输出重复过的行（重复的只输出一个）及重复次数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 370, 324, 383 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 367, 326, 386 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 367, 326, 386 ], "type": "text", "content": "history | cut -c 8- | cut -d ' ' -f 1 | sort | uniq -dc", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 386, 183, 397 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 386, 184, 398 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 386, 184, 398 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 输出所有重复的行", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 401, 319, 414 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 397, 321, 417 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 397, 321, 417 ], "type": "text", "content": "history | cut -c 8- | cut -d ' ' -f 1 | sort | uniq -D", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 417, 177, 429 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 417, 177, 431 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 417, 177, 431 ], "type": "text", "content": "没有 sort 则会重复", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 452, 180, 470 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 449, 182, 473 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 449, 182, 473 ], "type": "text", "content": "比较 compare", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 534, 209, 547 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 534, 209, 548 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 534, 209, 548 ], "type": "text", "content": "cmp 发现第一处不同停止", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 550, 271, 562 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 550, 271, 564 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 550, 271, 564 ], "type": "text", "content": "comm 显示两个文件的相同与不同之处", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 565, 298, 578 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 565, 298, 578 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 565, 298, 578 ], "type": "text", "content": "diff 按行比较不同，显示所有不同的行的信息", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 587, 202, 603 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 586, 204, 606 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 586, 204, 606 ], "type": "text", "content": "文本文件处理命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 709, 118, 723 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 708, 120, 725 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 708, 120, 725 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 255, 710, 279, 723 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 254, 709, 280, 725 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 254, 709, 280, 725 ], "type": "text", "content": "功能", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 48 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 76, 595, 401 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 595, 401 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 595, 401 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 595, 401 ], "type": "table", "html": "
tr字符替换
sed流编辑器，常用于字符串替换
paste纵向合并多个文本
expand将文件中的制表符转换为空格
unexpand将文件中的空格转换为制表符
dos2unix将 DOS 格式的文本转换成 UNIX 格式
unix2dos将 UNIX 格式的文本转换成 DOS 格式
iconv将文本从一种编码转换成另一种编码
", "image_path": "80e9377ee346461d91cfdc3a27d310dd31de2b0926d0ccbbaf3bf8562c2f3c0e.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 88, 404, 132, 416 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 401, 133, 418 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 401, 133, 418 ], "type": "text", "content": "Sed 命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 418, 505, 463 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 419, 505, 433 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 419, 505, 433 ], "type": "text", "content": "sed 是一个流编辑器（stream editor）。sed 是一个非交互式的行编辑器，它在命令行中", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 435, 505, 448 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 435, 505, 448 ], "type": "text", "content": "输入编辑命令、指定被处理的输入文件，然后在屏幕上查看输出。输入文件可以是指定的", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 450, 265, 464 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 450, 265, 464 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件名，也可以来自一个管道的 输出。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 465, 505, 494 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 465, 505, 479 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 465, 505, 479 ], "type": "text", "content": "与vi 不同的是 sed 能够过滤来自管道的输入。在 sed 编辑器运行的时候不必人工干涉，所", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 481, 227, 494 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 481, 227, 494 ], "type": "text", "content": "以 sed 常常被称作批编辑器 。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 497, 504, 525 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 497, 504, 510 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 497, 504, 510 ], "type": "text", "content": "sed 默认不改变输入文件的内容，且总是将处理结果输出到标准输出，可以使用输出重定", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 513, 234, 525 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 513, 234, 525 ], "type": "text", "content": "向将sed 的输出保存到文件中。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 544, 112, 555 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 543, 114, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 543, 114, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 559, 365, 573 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 558, 367, 575 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 558, 367, 575 ], "type": "text", "content": "sed [选项] [-e] cmd1 [[-e cmd2] ... [-e cmdn]] [input-file]...", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 575, 112, 587 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 574, 114, 591 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 574, 114, 591 ], "type": "text", "content": "说明", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 590, 509, 618 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 591, 510, 603 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 591, 510, 603 ], "type": "text", "content": "在命令行上执行sed编辑命令。可以指定多个编辑命令，每个编辑命令前都要使用 -e 参数，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 607, 442, 619 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 607, 442, 619 ], "type": "text", "content": "sed 将对这些编辑命令依次进行处理。若只有一个编辑命令时，-e 可以省略。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 621, 326, 634 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 621, 327, 635 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 621, 327, 635 ], "type": "text", "content": "每个sed的编辑命令cmdX均应使用单引号括起来。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 637, 505, 666 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 637, 506, 651 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 637, 506, 651 ], "type": "text", "content": "input-file：sed 处理的文件列表，若省略，sed 将从标准输入中读取输入，也可以从输入", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 651, 200, 667 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 651, 200, 667 ], "type": "text", "content": "重定向或管道获得输入。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 669, 111, 681 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 668, 113, 685 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 668, 113, 685 ], "type": "text", "content": "选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 684, 266, 697 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 684, 267, 698 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 684, 267, 698 ], "type": "text", "content": "-r：使用扩展正则表达式进行模式匹配", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 699, 276, 712 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 699, 276, 713 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 699, 276, 713 ], "type": "text", "content": "-i：直接对输入文件进行sed的命令操作", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 715, 139, 727 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 714, 141, 729 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 714, 141, 729 ], "type": "text", "content": "iconv 命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 730, 289, 743 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 731, 290, 744 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 731, 290, 744 ], "type": "text", "content": "功能：将文件从一种编码转换成另一种编码", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 746, 235, 759 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 745, 235, 761 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 745, 235, 761 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式：iconv [选项] <输入文件>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 49 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 112, 91 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 78, 114, 95 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 78, 114, 95 ], "type": "text", "content": "选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 95, 367, 154 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 95, 255, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 255, 109 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 255, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": "-f : 指定原始文本编码。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 111, 255, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 255, 124 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 255, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": "-t : 指定要转换的编码。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 126, 367, 138 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 125, 368, 140 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 125, 368, 140 ], "type": "text", "content": "-o : 指定输出文件，而不是在标准输出上显示。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 142, 224, 154 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 224, 155 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 224, 155 ], "type": "text", "content": "-l : 列出所有已知编码字符集。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 87, 190, 154, 209 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 190, 156, 211 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 190, 156, 211 ], "type": "text", "content": "进程管理", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 246, 327, 259 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 246, 327, 261 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 246, 327, 261 ], "type": "text", "content": "首先程序与进程是什么？程序与进程又有什么区别？", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 261, 503, 290 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 259, 505, 277 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 259, 505, 277 ], "type": "text", "content": "程序（program）：程序就是执行一系列有逻辑、有顺序结构的指令序列，可以实现某个", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 275, 119, 293 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 275, 119, 293 ], "type": "text", "content": "功能。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 292, 503, 321 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 294, 505, 306 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 294, 505, 306 ], "type": "text", "content": "进 程（process） ： 进 程 是 程 序 在 一 个 数据集合上 的 一次 执行过程 ， 在早 期的", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 309, 471, 322 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 309, 471, 322 ], "type": "text", "content": "UNIX、Linux 2.4 及更早的版本中，它是系统进行资源分配和调度的独立基本单位。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 324, 504, 353 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 324, 505, 337 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 324, 505, 337 ], "type": "text", "content": "就像做一道菜的菜谱（程序），当厨师按照这个菜谱（程序），把原材料（输入数据）进", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 340, 500, 353 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 340, 500, 353 ], "type": "text", "content": "行加工和处理（洗、切、搅拌、煎、炒、烹、炸等），然后得到了一道菜（输出结果）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 355, 504, 384 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 356, 505, 369 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 356, 505, 369 ], "type": "text", "content": "这就是程序的一次执行，就是进程。当执行完毕的时候，进程就结束了。可见，程序是静", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 371, 200, 384 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 371, 200, 384 ], "type": "text", "content": "态的，而进程是动态的。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 386, 504, 415 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 386, 506, 399 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 386, 506, 399 ], "type": "text", "content": "简单来说，程序是为了完成某种任务而设计的软件，比如 vim 是程序。什么是进程呢？进", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 403, 201, 416 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 403, 201, 416 ], "type": "text", "content": "程就是把程序执行一次。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 417, 473, 431 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 418, 474, 431 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 418, 474, 431 ], "type": "text", "content": "程序只是一系列指令的集合，是一个静止的实体，而进程不同，进程有以下的特性：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 433, 503, 555 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 433, 503, 461 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 122, 432, 504, 447 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 122, 432, 504, 447 ], "type": "text", "content": "动态性：进程的实质是一次程序执行的过程，有创建、撤销等状态的变化。而程序", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 124, 449, 215, 463 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 449, 215, 463 ], "type": "text", "content": "是一个静态的实体。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 465, 503, 492 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 465, 504, 477 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 465, 504, 477 ], "type": "text", "content": "并发性：进程可以做到在一个时间段内，有多个程序在运行中。程序只是静态的实", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 125, 481, 236, 493 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 481, 236, 493 ], "type": "text", "content": "体，所以不存在并发性。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 496, 414, 508 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 496, 414, 510 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 496, 414, 510 ], "type": "text", "content": "独立性：进程可以独立分配资源，独立接受调度，独立地运行。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 512, 320, 523 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 512, 320, 525 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 512, 320, 525 ], "type": "text", "content": "异步性：进程以不可预知的速度向前推进。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 527, 498, 555 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 527, 499, 539 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 527, 499, 539 ], "type": "text", "content": "结构性：进程拥有代码段、数据段、PCB（进程控制块，进程存在的唯一标志）。", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 125, 543, 362, 555 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 543, 362, 555 ], "type": "text", "content": "也正是因为有结构性，进程才可以做到独立地运行。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 558, 504, 586 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 558, 505, 571 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 558, 505, 571 ], "type": "text", "content": "并发：在一个时间段内，宏观来看有多个程序都在活动，有条不紊的执行（每一瞬间只有", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 572, 326, 587 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 572, 326, 587 ], "type": "text", "content": "一个在执行，只是在一段时间有多个程序都执行过）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 589, 452, 602 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 589, 453, 603 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 589, 453, 603 ], "type": "text", "content": "并行：在每一个瞬间，都有多个程序都在同时执行，这个必须有多个 CPU 才行", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 604, 508, 634 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 606, 509, 618 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 606, 509, 618 ], "type": "text", "content": "引入进程是因为传统意义上的程序已经不足以描述 OS 中各种活动之间的动态性、并发性、", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 621, 500, 634 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 621, 500, 634 ], "type": "text", "content": "独立性还有相互制约性。程序就像一个公司，只是一些证书，文件的堆积（静态实体）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 636, 499, 664 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 637, 499, 648 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 637, 499, 648 ], "type": "text", "content": "而当公司运作起来就有各个部门的区分，财务部，技术部，销售部等等，就像各个进程，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 652, 390, 665 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 652, 390, 665 ], "type": "text", "content": "各个部门之间可以独立运做，也可以有交互（独立性、并发性）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 666, 504, 726 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 667, 505, 680 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 667, 505, 680 ], "type": "text", "content": "而随着程序的发展越做越大，又会继续细分，从而引入了线程的概念，当代多数操作系统", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 684, 504, 695 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 684, 504, 695 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 2.6 及更新的版本中，进程本身不是基本运行单位，而是线程的容器。就像上述所说", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 698, 505, 712 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 698, 505, 712 ], "type": "text", "content": "的，每个部门又会细分为各个工作小组（线程），而工作小组需要的资源需要向上级（进", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 714, 138, 727 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 714, 138, 727 ], "type": "text", "content": "程）申请。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 729, 504, 758 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 730, 504, 743 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 730, 504, 743 ], "type": "text", "content": "线程（thread）是操作系统能够进行运算调度的最小单位。它被包含在进程之中，是进程", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 744, 505, 758 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 744, 505, 758 ], "type": "text", "content": "中的实际运作单位。一条线程指的是进程中一个单一顺序的控制流，一个进程中可以并发", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 50 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 506, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 505, 91 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 505, 91 ], "type": "text", "content": "多个线程，每条线程并行执行不同的任务。因为线程中几乎不包含系统资源，所以执行更", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 159, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 159, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "快、更有效率。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 110, 506, 155 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 500, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 500, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "简而言之,一个程序至少有一个进程,一个进程至少有一个线程。线程的划分尺度小于进程，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 505, 138 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 505, 138 ], "type": "text", "content": "使得多线程程序的并发性高。另外，进程在执行过程中拥有独立的内存单元，而多个线程", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 379, 154 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 379, 154 ], "type": "text", "content": "共享内存，从而极大地提高了程序的运行效率。就如下图所示：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 172, 506, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 505, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 505, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "大概明白进程是个什么样的存在后，我们需要进一步了解的就是进程分类。可以从两个角", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 128, 202 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 128, 202 ], "type": "text", "content": "度来分：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 203, 277, 232 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 203, 277, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 204, 279, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 204, 279, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "以进程的功能与服务的对象来分；", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 220, 257, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 219, 257, 233 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 222, 127, 230 ], "type": "text", "content": "：", "score": 0.692 }, { "bbox": [ 122, 219, 257, 233 ], "type": "text", "content": "以应用程序的服务类型来分；", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 235, 336, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 336, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 336, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "第一个角度来看，我们可以分为用户进程与系统进程：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 250, 503, 325 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 250, 503, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 251, 504, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 251, 504, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户进程：通过执行用户程序、应用程序或称之为内核之外的系统程序而产生的进", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 124, 266, 340, 279 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 266, 340, 279 ], "type": "text", "content": "程，此类进程可以在用户的控制下运行或关闭。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 281, 503, 325 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 282, 504, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 282, 504, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": "系统进程：通过执行系统内核程序而产生的进程，比如可以执行内存资源分配和进", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 124, 297, 505, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 297, 505, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "程切换等相对底层的工作；而且该进程的运行不受用户的干预，即使是 root 用户", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 125, 314, 257, 325 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 314, 257, 325 ], "type": "text", "content": "也不能干预系统进程的运行。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 328, 416, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 416, 342 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 416, 342 ], "type": "text", "content": "第二角度来看，我们可以将进程分为交互进程、批处理进程、守护进程", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 343, 504, 465 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 343, 504, 371 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 117, 342, 506, 358 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 117, 342, 506, 358 ], "type": "text", "content": "交互进程：由一个 Shell 终端启动的进程，在执行过程中，需要与用户进行交互操", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 124, 359, 320, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 359, 320, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "作，可以运行于前台，也可以运行在后台。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 375, 434, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 122, 375, 436, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 122, 375, 436, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "批处理进程：该进程是一个进程集合，负责按顺序启动其他的进程。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 391, 504, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 391, 505, 403 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 123, 391, 505, 403 ], "type": "text", "content": "守护进程：守护进程是一直运行的一种进程，在 Linux 系统启动时启动，在系统关", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 125, 407, 504, 419 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 125, 407, 504, 419 ], "type": "text", "content": "闭时终止。它们独立于控制终端并且周期性的执行某种任务或等待处理某些发生的", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 124, 422, 506, 436 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 422, 506, 436 ], "type": "text", "content": "事件。例如 httpd 进程，一直处于运行状态，等待用户的访问。还有经常用的 计", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 124, 437, 506, 451 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 437, 506, 451 ], "type": "text", "content": "划 任 务 进 程 cron（crond） 和 anacron（anacrond） ， 这 个 进 程 是守护进 程", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 131, 453, 424, 466 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 131, 453, 424, 466 ], "type": "text", "content": "（daemon），可以按照计划周期性的执行用户设定的某些任务。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 469, 373, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 466, 373, 485 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 466, 373, 485 ], "type": "text", "content": "关于父进程与子进程便会提及这两个系统调用 fork() 与 exec()", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 484, 284, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 284, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 284, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "fork-exec 是由 Dennis M. Ritchie 创造的", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 500, 505, 544 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 505, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 505, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "fork() 是一个系统调用（system call），它的主要作用就是为当前的进程创建一个新的进", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 516, 506, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 516, 506, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "程，这个新的进程就是它的子进程，这个子进程除了父进程的返回值和 PID 以外其他的都", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 427, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 427, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "一模一样，如进程的执行代码段，内存信息，文件描述，寄存器状态等等", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 546, 505, 574 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 505, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 505, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "exec() 也是系统调用，作用是切换子进程中的执行程序也就是替换其从父进程复制过来的", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 562, 164, 575 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 562, 164, 575 ], "type": "text", "content": "代码段与数据段", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 577, 505, 636 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 579, 504, 590 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 579, 504, 590 ], "type": "text", "content": "既然子进程是通过父进程而衍生出来的，那么子进程的退出与资源的回收定然与父进程有", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 503, 607 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 503, 607 ], "type": "text", "content": "很大的相关性。当一个子进程要正常的终止运行时，或者该进程结束时它的主函数 main()", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 609, 505, 622 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 609, 505, 622 ], "type": "text", "content": "会执行 exit(n); 或者 return n，这里的返回值 n 是一个信号，系统会把这个 SIGCHLD 信", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 624, 368, 637 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 624, 368, 637 ], "type": "text", "content": "号传给其父进程，当然若是异常终止也往往是因为这个信号。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 640, 505, 699 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 641, 499, 652 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 641, 499, 652 ], "type": "text", "content": "在将要结束的时候，子进程代码部分已经结束执行了，系统的资源也基本归还给系统了，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 655, 506, 668 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 655, 506, 668 ], "type": "text", "content": "但若是其进程的进程控制块（PCB）仍驻留在内存中，代表这个进程还存在（因为 PCB 就", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 671, 505, 684 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 671, 505, 684 ], "type": "text", "content": "是进程存在的唯一标志，里面有 PID 等信息），并没有消亡，这样的进程称之为僵尸进程", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 95, 687, 154, 700 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 687, 154, 700 ], "type": "text", "content": "（Zombie）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 702, 505, 762 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 703, 506, 715 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 703, 506, 715 ], "type": "text", "content": "正常情况下，父进程会收到两个返回值：exit code（SIGCHLD 信号）与 reason for", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 719, 506, 731 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 719, 506, 731 ], "type": "text", "content": "termination（结束原因） 。之后，父进程会使用系统调用wait(&status) 获取子进程的退", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 734, 506, 747 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 734, 506, 747 ], "type": "text", "content": "出状态，然后内核从内存中释放已结束子进程的 PCB；而如若父进程没有这么做的话，子", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 462, 763 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 462, 763 ], "type": "text", "content": "进程的 PCB 就会一直驻留在内存中，一直留在系统中成为僵尸进程（Zombie）。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 51 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 506, 138 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 506, 91 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 506, 91 ], "type": "text", "content": "虽然僵尸进程是已经放弃了几乎所有内存空间，没有任何可执行代码，也不能被调度，仅", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 505, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 505, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "在进程列表中保留一个位置，记载该进程的退出状态等信息供其父进程收集，从而释放它", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 505, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 505, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "但是 Linux 系统中能使用的 PID 是有限的，如果系统中存在有大量的僵尸进程，系统将会", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 317, 138 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 317, 138 ], "type": "text", "content": "因为没有可用的 PID 从而导致不能产生新的进程。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 141, 506, 201 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 505, 153 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 505, 153 ], "type": "text", "content": "另外如果父进程结束（非正常的结束），未能及时收回子进程，子进程仍在运行，这样的", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 158, 505, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 158, 505, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "子进程称之为孤儿进程。在 Linux 系统中，孤儿进程一般会被 init 进程所“收养”，成为", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 505, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 505, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "init 的子进程。由 init 来做善后处理，所以它并不至于像僵尸进程那样无人问津，不管不", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 190, 242, 200 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 190, 242, 200 ], "type": "text", "content": "顾，僵尸进程大量存在会有危害。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 203, 506, 280 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 205, 504, 216 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 205, 504, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "进程 0 是系统引导时创建的一个特殊进程，也称之为内核初始化，其最后一个动作就是调", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 220, 505, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 220, 408, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "用fork() 创建出一个子进程运行 /sbin/init 可执行文件,而该进程就是", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 409, 220, 440, 232 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathsf { P I D } { = } 1", "score": 0.81 }, { "bbox": [ 440, 220, 505, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "的进程 1，而", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 505, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 505, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "进程 0 就转为交换进程（也被称为空闲进程），进程 1 （init 进程）是第一个用户态的进", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 250, 505, 263 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 250, 505, 263 ], "type": "text", "content": "程，再由它不断调用 fork() 来创建系统里其他的进程，所以它是所有进程的父进程或者祖", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 267, 367, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 267, 367, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "先进程。同时它是一个守护程序，直到计算机关机才会停止。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 281, 506, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 281, 505, 294 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 281, 505, 294 ], "type": "text", "content": "每一个进程都会是一个进程组的成员，而且这个进程组是唯一存在的，他们是依靠", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 505, 311 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 505, 311 ], "type": "text", "content": "PGID（process group ID）来区别的，而每当一个进程被创建的时候，它便会成为其父进", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 180, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 180, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "程所在组中的一员。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 327, 506, 388 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 328, 505, 341 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 328, 505, 341 ], "type": "text", "content": "一般情况，进程组的 PGID 等同于进程组的第一个成员的 PID，并且这样的进程称为该进", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 506, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 506, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "程组的领导者,也就是领导进程，进程一般通过使用 getpgrp() 系统调用来寻找其所在组的", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 359, 505, 372 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 359, 505, 372 ], "type": "text", "content": "PGID，领导进程可以先终结，此时进程组依然存在，并持有相同的 PGID，直到进程组中", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 179, 388 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 179, 388 ], "type": "text", "content": "最后一个进程终结。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 390, 501, 419 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 390, 499, 404 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 390, 499, 404 ], "type": "text", "content": "与进程组类似，每当一个进程被创建的时候，它便会成为其父进程所在 Session（会话）", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 474, 419 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 474, 419 ], "type": "text", "content": "中的一员，每一个进程组都会在一个 Session 中，并且这个 Session 是唯一存在的，", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 422, 505, 482 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 505, 436 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 505, 436 ], "type": "text", "content": "Session 主要是针对一个 tty 建立，Session 中的每个进程都称为一个工作(job)。每个会话", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 504, 451 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 504, 451 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以连接一个终端(control terminal)。当控制终端有输入输出时，都传递给该会话的前台", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 452, 500, 467 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 452, 500, 467 ], "type": "text", "content": "进程组。Session 意义在于将多个 jobs 囊括在一个终端，并取其中的一个 job 作为前台，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 406, 482 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 406, 482 ], "type": "text", "content": "来直接接收该终端的输入输出以及终端信号。 其他 jobs 在后台运行。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 484, 442, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 441, 499 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 441, 499 ], "type": "text", "content": "前台（foreground）就是在终端中运行，能够与用户进行输入和输出的交互", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 499, 505, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 499, 505, 515 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 499, 505, 515 ], "type": "text", "content": "后台（background）就是在终端中运行，但是不能与其进行任何的交互，也不会显示其", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 513, 145, 530 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 513, 145, 530 ], "type": "text", "content": "执行的过程", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 530, 505, 560 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 531, 505, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 532, 317, 543 ], "type": "text", "content": "我们都知道当一个进程在前台运作时我们可以用", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 317, 531, 353, 544 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathsf { c t r l } + \\mathsf { c }", "score": 0.56 }, { "bbox": [ 353, 532, 505, 543 ], "type": "text", "content": "来终止它，但是若是在后台的话", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 138, 561 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 138, 561 ], "type": "text", "content": "就不行了。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 561, 345, 575 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 561, 345, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 561, 345, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "我们可以通过& 这个符号，让我们的命令在后台中运行", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 107, 589 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 576, 108, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 576, 108, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "ll &", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 593, 506, 622 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 506, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 506, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "图中所显示的 [1] 236 分别是该 job 的 job number 与该进程的 PID，而最后一行的 Done", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 609, 242, 623 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 609, 242, 623 ], "type": "text", "content": "表示该命令已经在后台执行完毕。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 624, 332, 638 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 332, 639 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 143, 639 ], "type": "text", "content": "还可以通过", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 143, 624, 178, 637 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathsf { c t r l } + \\mathsf { z }", "score": 0.72 }, { "bbox": [ 178, 624, 332, 639 ], "type": "text", "content": "使当前工作停止并调到后台中去。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 640, 506, 669 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 505, 654 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 505, 654 ], "type": "text", "content": "被停止并放置在后台的工作可以使用jobs命令查看。（这里的描述有问题，应该是放置在", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 656, 293, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 656, 293, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "后台的工作，因为在后台运行的工作也可以）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 112, 684 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 669, 114, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 669, 114, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "jobs", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 687, 506, 762 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 505, 699 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 356, 699 ], "type": "text", "content": "其中第一列显示的为被放置后台 job 的编号，而第二列的", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 356, 687, 368, 699 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "+", "score": 0.69 }, { "bbox": [ 369, 687, 505, 699 ], "type": "text", "content": "表示最近(刚刚、最后)被放置", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 703, 505, 715 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 703, 505, 715 ], "type": "text", "content": "后台的 job，同时也表示预设的工作，也就是若是有什么针对后台 job 的操作，首先对预", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 506, 731 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 506, 731 ], "type": "text", "content": "设的 job，- 表示倒数第二（也就是在预设之前的一个）被放置后台的工作，倒数第三个", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 95, 734, 505, 746 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 734, 505, 746 ], "type": "text", "content": "（再之前的）以后都不会有这样的符号修饰，第三列表示它们的状态，而最后一列表示该", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 750, 168, 762 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 750, 168, 762 ], "type": "text", "content": "进程执行的命令。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 52 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 287, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 287, 94 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 287, 94 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以通过 fg 命令将后台的工作调到前台来。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 95, 358, 106 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 359, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 359, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "#后面不加参数提取预设工作，加参数提取指定工作的编号", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 111, 314, 121 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 314, 124 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 199, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": "#ubuntu 在 zsh 中需要", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 199, 111, 210, 122 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\%", "score": 0.74 }, { "bbox": [ 211, 110, 302, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": "，在 bash 中不需要", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 302, 111, 314, 122 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\%", "score": 0.64 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 126, 174, 138 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 175, 141 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 175, 141 ], "type": "text", "content": "fg [%jobnumber]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 141, 498, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 500, 154 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 500, 154 ], "type": "text", "content": "之前通过ctrl + z 使得工作停止放置在后台，若是想让其在后台运作，可以使用如下命令：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 157, 290, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 158, 289, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 158, 289, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "#与fg类似，加参则指定，不加参则取预设", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 173, 176, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 171, 177, 188 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 171, 177, 188 ], "type": "text", "content": "bg [%jobnumber]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 188, 503, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 189, 505, 201 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 189, 505, 201 ], "type": "text", "content": "既然有方法将被放置在后台的工作提至前台或者让它从停止变成继续在后台运行，当然也", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 204, 264, 216 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 204, 264, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "有方法删除一个工作，或者重启等等。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 219, 186, 231 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 186, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 186, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "#kill的使用格式如下", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 235, 205, 247 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 232, 207, 250 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 232, 207, 250 ], "type": "text", "content": "kill -signal %jobnumber", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 265, 321, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 322, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 322, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "#signal 从 1-64 个信号值可以选择，可以这样查看", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 281, 113, 292 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 280, 116, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 280, 116, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "kill -l", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 296, 199, 309 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 201, 311 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 201, 311 ], "type": "text", "content": "中常用的有这些信号值：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 311, 454, 439 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 311, 454, 439 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 311, 454, 439 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 311, 454, 439 ], "type": "table", "html": "
信号值作用
-1重新读取参数运行，类似与restart
-2如同ctrl+c的操作退出
-9强制终止该任务
-15正常的方式终止该任务
", "image_path": "89c8d5cbdc19bea29d09a83771389397c5955aa261766636fee8795c8f5f5cfc.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 13, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 13 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 440, 111, 452 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 439, 113, 457 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 439, 113, 457 ], "type": "text", "content": "注意", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 455, 375, 468 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 455, 376, 470 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 455, 376, 470 ], "type": "text", "content": "若是在使用 kill+信号值+pid，将会对 pid 对应的进程进行操作", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 470, 503, 499 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 470, 505, 485 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 470, 198, 485 ], "type": "text", "content": "若是在使用 kill+信号值", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 198, 471, 215, 484 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "+ \\%", "score": 0.82 }, { "bbox": [ 215, 470, 505, 485 ], "type": "text", "content": "jobnumber，这时所操作的对象是 job，这个数字就是就当前", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 486, 235, 501 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 486, 235, 501 ], "type": "text", "content": "bash 中后台的运行的 job 的 ID", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 502, 248, 515 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 501, 249, 518 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 501, 235, 518 ], "type": "text", "content": "kill -9 3 # 终止 3 号进程，pid", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 236, 503, 249, 514 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "^ { = 3 }", "score": 0.55 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 518, 262, 531 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 517, 264, 533 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 517, 105, 533 ], "type": "text", "content": "kill", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 105, 518, 134, 530 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "- 9 \\% 3", "score": 0.77 }, { "bbox": [ 135, 517, 240, 533 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 终止 3 号 job，job", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 240, 518, 264, 530 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\therefore d = 3", "score": 0.63 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 533, 504, 608 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 534, 505, 545 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 534, 505, 545 ], "type": "text", "content": "不管在测试的时候、在实际的生产环境中，还是自己的使用过程中，难免会遇到一些进程", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 550, 504, 562 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 550, 504, 562 ], "type": "text", "content": "异常的情况，所以 Linux 为我们提供了一些工具来查看进程的状态信息。我们可以通", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 564, 505, 578 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 564, 505, 578 ], "type": "text", "content": "过top 实时的查看进程的状态，以及系统的一些信息（如 CPU、内存信息等），我们还可", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 580, 505, 594 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 580, 505, 594 ], "type": "text", "content": "以通过ps 来静态查看当前的进程信息，同时我们还可以使用 pstree 来查看当前活跃进程", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 595, 148, 610 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 595, 148, 610 ], "type": "text", "content": "的树形结构。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 611, 479, 624 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 610, 480, 625 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 610, 480, 625 ], "type": "text", "content": "top 工具是我们常用的一个查看工具，能实时的查看我们系统的一些关键信息的变化:", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 628, 106, 640 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 626, 109, 645 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 626, 109, 645 ], "type": "text", "content": "top", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 642, 504, 687 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 643, 504, 655 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 643, 504, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "top 是一个在前台执行的程序，所以执行后便进入到这样的一个交互界面，正是因为交互", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 659, 504, 670 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 659, 504, 670 ], "type": "text", "content": "界面我们才可以实时的获取到系统与进程的信息。在交互界面中我们可以通过一些指令来", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 674, 336, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 674, 336, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "操作和筛选。在此之前我们先来了解显示了哪些信息。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 689, 504, 733 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 689, 506, 704 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 689, 506, 704 ], "type": "text", "content": "load average 在 wikipedia 中的解释是 the system load is a measure of the amount of", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 705, 506, 719 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 705, 506, 719 ], "type": "text", "content": "work that a computer system is doing 也就是对当前 CPU 工作量的度量，具体来说也就", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 721, 447, 735 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 721, 447, 735 ], "type": "text", "content": "是指运行队列的平均长度，也就是等待 CPU 的平均进程数相关的一个计算值。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 735, 498, 749 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 736, 499, 749 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 736, 499, 749 ], "type": "text", "content": "这是单个 CPU 单核的情况，而实际生活中我们需要将得到的这个值除以我们的核数来看。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 53 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 337, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 337, 93 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 337, 93 ], "type": "text", "content": "我们可以通过以下的命令来查看 CPU 的个数与核心数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 95, 195, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 196, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 196, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "#查看物理CPU的个数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 110, 359, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 109, 361, 126 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 109, 361, 126 ], "type": "text", "content": "#cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep \"physical id\"|sort |uniq|wc -l", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 141, 183, 154 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 183, 156 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 183, 156 ], "type": "text", "content": "#每个 cpu 的核心数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 157, 342, 170 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 344, 172 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 344, 172 ], "type": "text", "content": "cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep \"physical id\"|grep \"0\"|wc -l", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 187, 504, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 189, 505, 201 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 189, 505, 201 ], "type": "text", "content": "通过上面的指数我们可以得知 load 的临界值为 1 ，但是在实际生活中，比较有经验的运", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 505, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 505, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "维或者系统管理员会将临界值定为 0.7。这里的指数都是除以核心数以后的值，不要混淆", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 101, 234 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 101, 234 ], "type": "text", "content": "了", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 234, 504, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 505, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 505, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "通常我们都会先看 15 分钟的值来看这个大体的趋势，然后再看 5 分钟的值对比来看是否", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 158, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 158, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "有下降的趋势。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 265, 504, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 266, 505, 279 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 266, 505, 279 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看busybox 的代码可以知道，数据是每5 秒钟就检查一次活跃的进程数，然后计算出该", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 506, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 506, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "值，然后 load 从 /proc/loadavg 中读取的。而这个 load 的值是如何计算的呢，这是 load", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 154, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 154, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "的计算的源码", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 343, 504, 403 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 504, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 504, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "CPU 利用率是对一个时间段内 CPU 使用状况的统计，通过这个指标可以看出在某一个时", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 506, 373 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 506, 373 ], "type": "text", "content": "间段内 CPU 被占用的情况，而 Load Average 是 CPU 的 Load，它所包含的信息不是 CPU", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 506, 390 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 506, 390 ], "type": "text", "content": "的使用率状况，而是在一段时间内 CPU 正在处理以及等待 CPU 处理的进程数情况统计信", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 211, 404 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 211, 404 ], "type": "text", "content": "息，这两个指标并不一样。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 406, 504, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 505, 419 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 505, 419 ], "type": "text", "content": "NICE 值叫做静态优先级，是用户空间的一个优先级值，其取值范围是-20 至 19。这个值", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 423, 505, 435 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 423, 505, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "越小，表示进程”优先级”越高，而值越大“优先级”越低。nice 值中的 -20 到 19，中-", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 323, 450 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 323, 450 ], "type": "text", "content": "20 优先级最高， 0 是默认的值，而 19 优先级最低", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 453, 504, 512 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 505, 466 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 505, 466 ], "type": "text", "content": "PR 值表示Priority 值叫动态优先级，是进程在内核中实际的优先级值，进程优先级的取值", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 506, 482 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 506, 482 ], "type": "text", "content": "范围是通过一个宏定义的，这个宏的名称是 MAX_PRIO，它的值为 140。Linux 实际上实", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 505, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 505, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "现了 140 个优先级范围，取值范围是从 0-139，这个值越小，优先级越高。而这其中的 0 -", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 502, 306, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 502, 306, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "99 是实时进程的值，而 100 - 139 是给用户的。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 515, 504, 560 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 506, 529 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 321, 529 ], "type": "text", "content": "其中 PR 中的 100 to 139 值部分有这么一个对应", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 321, 516, 429, 528 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathsf { P R } = 2 0 + ( - 2 0 \\mathsf { t o } + 1 9 )", "score": 0.86 }, { "bbox": [ 405, 516, 427, 528 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "+ 1 9 )", "score": 0.64 }, { "bbox": [ 430, 515, 506, 529 ], "type": "text", "content": "，这里的 -20 to", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 499, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 109, 543 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "+ 1 9", "score": 0.86 }, { "bbox": [ 109, 530, 499, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "便是 nice 值，所以说两个虽然都是优先级，而且有千丝万缕的关系，但是他们的值，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 547, 205, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 547, 205, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "他们的作用范围并不相同", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 561, 504, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 505, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 505, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "** VIRT **任务所使用的虚拟内存的总数，其中包含所有的代码，数据，共享库和被换出", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 266, 590 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 266, 590 ], "type": "text", "content": "swap 空间的页面等所占据空间的总数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 593, 504, 622 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 505, 607 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 505, 607 ], "type": "text", "content": "ps 也是我们最常用的查看进程的工具之一，我们通过这样的一个命令来了解一下，他能给", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 609, 164, 622 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 609, 164, 622 ], "type": "text", "content": "我带来哪些信息", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 625, 122, 638 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 626, 124, 638 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 626, 124, 638 ], "type": "text", "content": "ps aux", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 662, 500, 708 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 662, 502, 677 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 662, 502, 677 ], "type": "text", "content": "通过pstree 可以很直接的看到相同的进程数量，最主要的还是我们可以看到所", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 693, 204, 708 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 693, 204, 708 ], "type": "text", "content": "有进程之间的相关性。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 729, 504, 759 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 730, 504, 743 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 730, 504, 743 ], "type": "text", "content": "在Linux进程概念实验中讲述了进程如何衍生，进程之间的相关性，这里先回顾一下，当", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 745, 505, 759 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 745, 505, 759 ], "type": "text", "content": "一个进程结束的时候或者要异常结束的时候，会向其父进程返回一个或者接收一个", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 54 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 510, 108 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 511, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 511, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "SIGHUP 信号而做出的结束进程或者其他的操作，这个 SIGHUP 信号不仅可以由系统发送，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 396, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 396, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "我们可以使用 kill 来发送这个信号来操作进程的结束或者重启等等。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 110, 506, 139 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 110, 506, 124 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 110, 506, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": "已经尝试过使用 kill 命令可以管理一些 job，这里尝试用 kill 来直接对进程的 pid 操作，但", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 124, 218, 141 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 124, 218, 141 ], "type": "text", "content": "是前提是要知道进程的 pid。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 142, 355, 155 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 355, 157 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 355, 157 ], "type": "text", "content": "#首先在桌面找到并打开 gedit、gvim，用 ps 可以查看到", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 158, 123, 170 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 158, 124, 171 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 158, 124, 171 ], "type": "text", "content": "ps aux", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 188, 264, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 264, 202 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 264, 202 ], "type": "text", "content": "#使用 9 这个信号强制结束 gedit 进程", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 203, 143, 215 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 143, 216 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 143, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "kill -9 1608", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 219, 505, 264 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 220, 505, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 220, 505, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "我们在使用 ps 命令的时候可以看到大部分的进程都是处于休眠的状态 S，如果这些进程都", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 505, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 505, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "被唤醒，那么该谁最先享受 CPU 的服务，后面的进程又该是一个什么样的顺序呢？进程调", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 222, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 222, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "度的队列又该如何去排列呢？", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 281, 505, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 506, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 506, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": "需要靠该进程的优先级值来判定进程调度的优先级，而优先级的值就是上文所提到的 PR", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 205, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 205, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "与nice 来控制与体现了。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 328, 506, 388 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 506, 340 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 506, 340 ], "type": "text", "content": "nice 的值可以通过 nice 命令来修改的，而需要注意的是 nice 值可以调整的范围是 -20 ~", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 505, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 505, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "19。 root 账户既可以调整自己的进程也可以调整其他用户的程序，并且是所有的值都可", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 360, 505, 372 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 360, 505, 372 ], "type": "text", "content": "以用，而普通用户只可以调制属于自己的进程，并且其使用的范围只能是 0 ~ 19，因为系", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 336, 388 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 336, 388 ], "type": "text", "content": "统为了避免一般用户抢占系统资源而设置的一个限制。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 406, 392, 419 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 392, 420 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 392, 420 ], "type": "text", "content": "#这个实验在环境中无法做，因为权限不够，可以自己在本地尝试", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 437, 308, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 307, 451 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 307, 451 ], "type": "text", "content": "#打开一个程序放在后台，或者用图形界面打开", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 454, 167, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 452, 168, 467 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 452, 168, 467 ], "type": "text", "content": "nice -n -5 vim &", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 484, 188, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 187, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 187, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "#用 ps 查看其优先级", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 499, 377, 513 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 498, 379, 516 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 498, 379, 516 ], "type": "text", "content": "ps -afxo user,ppid,pid,stat,pri,ni,time,command | grep vim", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 517, 114, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 514, 116, 533 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 514, 116, 533 ], "type": "text", "content": "copy", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 530, 342, 544 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 342, 545 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 342, 545 ], "type": "text", "content": "我们还可以用 renice 来修改已经存在的进程的优先级=", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 562, 151, 575 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 152, 577 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 152, 577 ], "type": "text", "content": "renice -5 pid", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 596, 155, 614 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 595, 157, 617 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 595, 157, 617 ], "type": "text", "content": "存储管理", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 651, 154, 664 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 650, 154, 666 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 650, 154, 666 ], "type": "text", "content": "本地存储管理", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 666, 185, 680 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 666, 185, 681 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 666, 185, 681 ], "type": "text", "content": "存储管理与磁盘分区", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 682, 426, 696 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 683, 427, 697 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 683, 427, 697 ], "type": "text", "content": "技术指标：主轴转速，平均寻道时间，数据传输率，高速缓存，单碟容量", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 698, 154, 711 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 698, 154, 713 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 698, 154, 713 ], "type": "text", "content": "硬盘接口方式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 714, 190, 726 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 714, 191, 730 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 714, 191, 730 ], "type": "text", "content": "FC-AL,SCSI,SAS,SATA", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 729, 164, 742 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 729, 165, 744 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 729, 165, 744 ], "type": "text", "content": "常用的分区工具", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 745, 114, 756 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 744, 116, 760 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 744, 116, 760 ], "type": "text", "content": "fdisk", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 55 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 79, 120, 90 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 120, 93 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 120, 93 ], "type": "text", "content": "sfdisk", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 149, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 151, 110 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 151, 110 ], "type": "text", "content": "GNU parted", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 110, 315, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 110, 315, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 110, 315, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "－高级分区操作（创建、复制、调整大小等等）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 141, 251, 155 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 140, 252, 157 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 140, 252, 157 ], "type": "text", "content": "分区工作 fdisk sfdisk GNU parted", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 154, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 154, 171 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 154, 171 ], "type": "text", "content": "进入交互模式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 183, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 183, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 183, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "Fdisk <硬盘设备名>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 279, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 188, 279, 201 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 188, 279, 201 ], "type": "text", "content": "在命令行方式下显示指定硬盘分区表信息", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 191, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 191, 216 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 191, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "Fdisk -l <硬盘设备名>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 217, 595, 391 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 217, 595, 391 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 217, 595, 391 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 217, 595, 391 ], "type": "table", "html": "
子命令说明子命令说明
a调整硬盘的启动分区p列出硬盘分区表
d删除一个硬盘分区q退出fdisk，不保存更改
l列出所有支持的分区类型t更改分区类型
m列出所有命令u切换所显示的分区大小的单位
n创建一个新的分区w把设置写入硬盘分区表之后返回
", "image_path": "0864dfe7562f82160db6a7654e53dd1073f0a881227f0da940b228ea2fd1ee0e.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 8, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 8 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 395, 504, 424 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 396, 503, 408 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 396, 503, 408 ], "type": "text", "content": "在安装 Linux 的过程中如何正确地评估各分区大小是一个难题，因为系统管理员不但要考", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 412, 452, 424 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 412, 452, 424 ], "type": "text", "content": "虑到当前某个分区需要的容量，还要预见该分区以后可能需要的容量的最大值。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 441, 283, 454 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 442, 285, 455 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 442, 285, 455 ], "type": "text", "content": "某个分区空间耗尽时，通常的解决方法是：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 457, 154, 470 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 458, 154, 471 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 458, 154, 471 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用符号链接", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 92, 473, 277, 486 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 473, 277, 487 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 473, 277, 487 ], "type": "text", "content": "—— 破坏了Linux文件系统的标准结构", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 488, 309, 502 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 486, 309, 505 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 486, 309, 505 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用调整分区大小的工具(如:Patition Magic 等)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 92, 504, 246, 517 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 504, 245, 518 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 504, 245, 518 ], "type": "text", "content": "—— 必须停机一段时间进行调整", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 519, 405, 533 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 520, 405, 533 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 520, 405, 533 ], "type": "text", "content": "备份整个系统、清除硬盘、重新对硬盘分区，然后恢复数据到新分区", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 92, 535, 267, 549 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 535, 267, 549 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 535, 267, 549 ], "type": "text", "content": "—— 必须停机一段时间进行恢复操作", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 566, 154, 579 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 566, 154, 581 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 566, 154, 581 ], "type": "text", "content": "磁盘分区工具", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 582, 227, 596 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 581, 229, 597 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 581, 229, 597 ], "type": "text", "content": "#parted [选项] <硬盘设备名>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 598, 143, 610 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 597, 143, 612 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 597, 143, 612 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令行模式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 613, 351, 627 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 613, 352, 629 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 613, 352, 629 ], "type": "text", "content": "# parted [选项] <硬盘设备名> <子命令> [<子命令参数>]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 629, 121, 641 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 627, 124, 645 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 627, 124, 645 ], "type": "text", "content": "子命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 645, 251, 658 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 643, 252, 661 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 643, 252, 661 ], "type": "text", "content": "打印帮助信息：help [COMMAND]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 661, 276, 673 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 659, 277, 676 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 659, 277, 676 ], "type": "text", "content": "显示分区表： print [free|NUMBER|all]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 676, 348, 689 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 675, 349, 691 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 675, 349, 691 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建新分区：mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 692, 226, 703 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 691, 226, 706 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 691, 226, 706 ], "type": "text", "content": "删除指定分区：rm NUMBER", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 707, 285, 719 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 707, 286, 722 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 707, 286, 722 ], "type": "text", "content": "设置分区标记：set NUMBER FLAG STATE", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 722, 504, 751 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 722, 505, 736 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 722, 505, 736 ], "type": "text", "content": "LVM 是逻辑盘卷管理（Logical Volume Manager）的简称，它是 Linux 环境下对卷进行", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 738, 180, 752 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 738, 180, 752 ], "type": "text", "content": "方便操作的抽象层。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 56 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 504, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 503, 90 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 503, 90 ], "type": "text", "content": "LVM 是建立在硬盘和分区之上的一个逻辑层，来为文件系统屏蔽下层磁盘分区布局，从而", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 221, 106 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 221, 106 ], "type": "text", "content": "提高磁盘分区管理的灵活性。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 110, 453, 122 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 111, 454, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 111, 454, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "LVM允许在多个物理设备间重新组织文件系统，包括重新设定文件系统的大小。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 125, 504, 154 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 505, 138 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 505, 138 ], "type": "text", "content": "通过 LVM 可 以轻松管 理磁盘分区， 如 ：将若干个磁盘分区连接 为 一 个 整 块 的卷组", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 95, 142, 270, 156 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 142, 270, 156 ], "type": "text", "content": "（volume group），形成一个存储池。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 157, 496, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 497, 171 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 497, 171 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以在卷组中随意创建逻辑卷（logical volumes），并进一步在逻辑卷上创建文件系统。", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 499, 186 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 499, 186 ], "type": "text", "content": "通过LVM 可以方便的调整存储卷组的大小，并且可以对磁盘存储按照组的方式进行命名、", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 189, 148, 201 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 189, 148, 201 ], "type": "text", "content": "管理和分配。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 91, 206, 379, 391 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 206, 379, 391 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 206, 379, 391 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 206, 379, 391 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "4cbc28e93a9e75800549938774bad7f0ef3d1eb12b834d8abf9e81b712d18b64.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 4, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 4 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 406, 345, 417 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 346, 419 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 346, 419 ], "type": "text", "content": "物理卷(physical volume, PV)在 LVM 系统中处于最底层", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 422, 498, 449 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 421, 500, 435 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 421, 500, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "物理卷可以是整个硬盘、硬盘上的分区或从逻辑上与磁盘分区具有同样功能的设备（如：", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 436, 120, 452 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 436, 120, 452 ], "type": "text", "content": "RAID）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 453, 504, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 505, 466 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 505, 466 ], "type": "text", "content": "物理卷是 LVM 的基本存储逻辑块，但和基本的物理存储介质（如分区、磁盘等）比较，却", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 232, 481 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 232, 481 ], "type": "text", "content": "包含有与LVM 相关的管理参数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 484, 504, 512 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 505, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 505, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "每一个物理卷被划分为基本单元（称为 Physical Extent, PE），具有唯一编号的 PE 是可", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 233, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 233, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "以被 LVM 寻址的最小存储单元", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 515, 371, 527 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 372, 529 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 372, 529 ], "type": "text", "content": "PE 的大小可根据实际情况在创建物理卷时指定，默认为 4MB", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 531, 468, 543 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 531, 468, 543 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 531, 468, 543 ], "type": "text", "content": "PE 的大小一旦确定将不能改变，同一个卷组中的所有物理卷的 PE 的大小需要一致", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 546, 428, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 429, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 429, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "卷组(Volume Group, VG)建立在物理卷之上，它由一个或多个物理卷组成", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 562, 504, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 561, 505, 575 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 561, 505, 575 ], "type": "text", "content": "卷组创建之后，可以动态添加物理卷到卷组中，在卷组上可以创建一个或多个“LVM 分", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 576, 158, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 576, 158, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "区”（逻辑卷）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 593, 357, 605 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 592, 358, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 592, 358, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "一个 LVM 系统中可以只有一个卷组，也可以包含多个卷组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 608, 296, 620 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 609, 296, 622 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 609, 296, 622 ], "type": "text", "content": "LVM 的卷组类似于非LVM系统中的物理硬盘", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 624, 461, 636 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 462, 638 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 462, 638 ], "type": "text", "content": "逻辑卷(Logical Volume, LV)建立在卷组之上，它是从卷组中“切出”的一块空间", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 640, 248, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 248, 653 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 248, 653 ], "type": "text", "content": "逻辑卷创建之后，其大小可以伸缩", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 655, 504, 683 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 506, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 506, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "LVM 的逻辑卷类似于非 LVM 系统中的硬盘分区，在逻辑卷之上可以建立文件系统 （比如", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 186, 684 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 186, 684 ], "type": "text", "content": "/home 或者 /usr 等）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 687, 407, 698 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 408, 701 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 408, 701 ], "type": "text", "content": "/boot 分区不能位于卷组中，因为引导装载程序无法从逻辑卷中读取。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 702, 428, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 703, 430, 717 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 703, 430, 717 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果你想把 / 分区放在逻辑卷上，必须创建一个与卷组分离的 /boot 分区。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 57 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 74, 474, 223 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 74, 474, 223 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 74, 474, 223 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 74, 474, 223 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "117bf6748fa3cf0c523b2e5f45029875c8b21fb40e1f35fd979178d83d0ad3b3.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 234, 190, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 190, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 190, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建 LVM 类型的分区", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 195, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 195, 263 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 195, 263 ], "type": "text", "content": "在新硬盘上创建物理卷", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 266, 227, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 267, 226, 279 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 267, 226, 279 ], "type": "text", "content": "将新创建的物理卷添加到卷组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 185, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 185, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 185, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": "在卷组中创建逻辑卷", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 206, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 298, 205, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 298, 205, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "在逻辑卷中创建文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 313, 185, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 313, 185, 326 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 313, 185, 326 ], "type": "text", "content": "挂装创建的文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 126, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 127, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 127, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "PV 阶段", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 127, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 358, 129, 375 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 358, 129, 375 ], "type": "text", "content": "VG 阶段", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 126, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 374, 127, 390 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 374, 127, 390 ], "type": "text", "content": "LV 阶段", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 242, 403 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 243, 404 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 243, 404 ], "type": "text", "content": "物理卷在LV没系统中处于最底层", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 238, 418 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 237, 420 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 237, 420 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以是整个硬盘、硬盘上的分区", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 422, 505, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 421, 505, 435 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 421, 505, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "每一个物理卷被划分位基本单元 PE 具有唯一编号的PE是可以被LVM寻址的最小存储单", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 436, 103, 453 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 436, 103, 453 ], "type": "text", "content": "元", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 221, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 220, 467 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 220, 467 ], "type": "text", "content": "PE 的大小可以根据实际情况", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 340, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 339, 482 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 339, 482 ], "type": "text", "content": "卷组VG建立在物理卷之上，由一个或多个物理卷组成", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 132, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 484, 133, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 484, 133, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "卷组创建", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 247, 512 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 500, 248, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 500, 248, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以由一个卷组，也可以多个卷组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 342, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 342, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 342, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "逻辑卷建立在卷组之上，它是从卷组中切除的一块空间", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 158, 543 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 159, 545 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 159, 545 ], "type": "text", "content": "如home路径、", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 403, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 547, 403, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 547, 403, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "/boot分区不能位于卷组中没因为引导装载程序无法从逻辑卷中读取", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 421, 575 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 421, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 421, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果你想把/分区放在逻辑卷上，必须创建一个与卷组分离的/rooot分区", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 143, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 143, 607 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 143, 607 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建物理卷", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 609, 132, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 133, 623 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 133, 623 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建卷组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 143, 637 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 143, 638 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 143, 638 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建逻辑卷", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 143, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 143, 654 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 143, 654 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建物理卷", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 240, 668 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 655, 241, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 655, 241, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "# pvcreate <磁盘或分区设备名>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 132, 683 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 133, 686 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 133, 686 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建卷组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 284, 700 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 686, 286, 702 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 686, 142, 702 ], "type": "text", "content": "# vgcreate", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 143, 688, 151, 698 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "<", "score": 0.56 }, { "bbox": [ 151, 686, 286, 702 ], "type": "text", "content": "卷组名> <物理卷设备名> [...]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 143, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 703, 143, 716 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 703, 143, 716 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建逻辑卷", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 333, 730 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 333, 732 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 139, 732 ], "type": "text", "content": "# lvcreate", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 139, 719, 157, 729 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "{ < } { - } \\lfloor", "score": 0.64 }, { "bbox": [ 157, 718, 333, 732 ], "type": "text", "content": "逻辑卷大小> <-n 逻辑卷名> <卷组名>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 305, 746 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 733, 305, 748 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 733, 138, 748 ], "type": "text", "content": "# lvcreate", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 139, 735, 154, 745 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "{ < } \\mathrm { - } |", "score": 0.65 }, { "bbox": [ 155, 733, 182, 748 ], "type": "text", "content": "PE 值", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 182, 735, 208, 746 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "> < - \\mathsf { n }", "score": 0.68 }, { "bbox": [ 208, 733, 305, 748 ], "type": "text", "content": "逻辑卷名> <卷组名>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 58 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 78, 230, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 230, 91 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 230, 91 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看物理卷。卷组。逻辑卷。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 143, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 143, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 143, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看物理卷", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 230, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 110, 232, 125 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 110, 232, 125 ], "type": "text", "content": "# pvdisplay [<物理卷设备名>]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 132, 137 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 133, 140 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 133, 140 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看卷组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 199, 154 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 141, 201, 157 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 141, 201, 157 ], "type": "text", "content": "# vgdisplay [<卷组名>]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 142, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 143, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 143, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看逻辑卷", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 237, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 239, 187 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 239, 187 ], "type": "text", "content": "# lvdisplay [<逻辑卷卷设备名>]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 153, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 204, 154, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 204, 154, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "存储管理工具", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 237, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 217, 239, 235 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 217, 239, 235 ], "type": "text", "content": "LBM Logical Volumn Manager", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 268, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 268, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 268, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "逻辑盘卷管理，建立在硬盘和分区之上", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 453, 264 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 249, 455, 265 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 249, 455, 265 ], "type": "text", "content": "将若干个磁盘分区链接为一个整块的卷组（volumn group），形成一个存储池", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 266, 258, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 267, 258, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 267, 258, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "若卷组中无剩余空间，首先扩展卷组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 274, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 275, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 275, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": "添加硬盘，在磁盘上创建 8e 类型的分区", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 184, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 298, 184, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 298, 184, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "在分区上创建物理卷", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 313, 194, 325 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 313, 195, 326 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 313, 195, 326 ], "type": "text", "content": "将物理卷添加到卷组中", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 287, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 327, 289, 344 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 327, 261, 344 ], "type": "text", "content": "# vgextend <卷组名> <物理卷设备名", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 261, 329, 270, 340 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": ">", "score": 0.57 }, { "bbox": [ 270, 327, 289, 344 ], "type": "text", "content": "[...]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 289, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 289, 356 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 289, 356 ], "type": "text", "content": "若卷组中有剩余空间，扩展卷组中的逻辑卷", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 314, 371 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 315, 373 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 142, 373 ], "type": "text", "content": "# lvextend", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 142, 359, 167, 371 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "{ < } { - } \\lfloor ~ +", "score": 0.76 }, { "bbox": [ 160, 360, 167, 371 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "^ +", "score": 0.55 }, { "bbox": [ 168, 359, 315, 373 ], "type": "text", "content": "逻辑卷增量> <逻辑卷设备名称>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 286, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 287, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 142, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "# lvextend", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 142, 375, 177, 387 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "| < - | + \\mathsf { P E }", "score": 0.6 }, { "bbox": [ 178, 375, 287, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "值> <逻辑卷设备名称>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 299, 403 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 300, 404 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 300, 404 ], "type": "text", "content": "对已扩展的逻辑卷中的文件系统进行容量扩展", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 251, 418 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 406, 252, 420 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 406, 143, 420 ], "type": "text", "content": "# resize2fs", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 143, 407, 152, 417 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "<", "score": 0.52 }, { "bbox": [ 152, 406, 252, 420 ], "type": "text", "content": "分区或逻辑卷设备名>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 238, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 420, 240, 437 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 420, 240, 437 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用 umount 命令卸载文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 230, 449 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 437, 231, 451 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 437, 231, 451 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用e2fsck命令检查文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 263, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 264, 467 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 264, 467 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用 resize2fs 命令缩减文件系统容量", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 142, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 143, 481 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 143, 481 ], "type": "text", "content": "缩减逻辑卷", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 311, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 312, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 312, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "# lvreduce <-L -逻辑卷增量> <逻辑卷设备名称>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 283, 512 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 284, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 284, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "# lvreduce <-l -PE 值> <逻辑卷设备名称>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 528, 594, 731 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 528, 594, 731 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 528, 594, 731 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 528, 594, 731 ], "type": "table", "html": "
任务PVVGLV
创建pvcreatevgcreatelvm
删除pvremovevgremovelvm
显示信息pvsvgslvs
扫描列表pvscanvgscanlvs
显示属性pvdisplayvgdisplaylvm
更改属性pvchangevgchangelvm
扩展vgextendlve
缩减vgreducelvr
", "image_path": "45b6417cc35c1556be2c7a91fda83713fcbaa5a469b32075177d7b0d418bb110.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 27, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 27 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 59 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 77, 595, 137 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 77, 595, 137 ], "lines": [], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body", "lines_deleted": true } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 87, 154, 161, 167 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 153, 162, 169 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 153, 162, 169 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 170, 142, 183 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 171, 143, 184 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 171, 143, 184 ], "type": "text", "content": "硬盘的分类", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 186, 142, 198 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 186, 143, 200 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 186, 143, 200 ], "type": "text", "content": "硬盘的接口", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 201, 132, 213 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 201, 133, 216 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 201, 133, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "硬盘分区", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 232, 142, 245 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 232, 143, 247 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 232, 143, 247 ], "type": "text", "content": "逻辑卷管理", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 248, 182, 260 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 248, 183, 261 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 248, 183, 261 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux下的文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 264, 503, 291 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 264, 504, 278 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 264, 504, 278 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统是包括在一个磁盘（硬盘、光盘及其它存储设备）上的目录结构；一个磁盘设备", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 280, 231, 292 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 280, 231, 292 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以包含一个或多个文件系统。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 295, 430, 307 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 295, 431, 309 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 295, 431, 309 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统是在一个磁盘（硬盘、光盘及其它存储设备）上组织文件的方法。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 311, 272, 323 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 312, 273, 324 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 312, 273, 324 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统是文件的数据结构或组织方法。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 326, 471, 338 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 327, 473, 339 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 327, 473, 339 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统是基于被划分的存储设备上的一种文件的命名、存储、组织及读取的方法。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 357, 504, 386 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 357, 505, 370 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 357, 505, 370 ], "type": "text", "content": "一个文件系统是有组织存储文件或数据的方法，目的是易于查询和存取。文件系统是基于", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 373, 410, 386 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 373, 410, 386 ], "type": "text", "content": "一个存储设备，比如硬盘或光盘，并且包含文件文件物理位置的维护。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 388, 445, 401 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 389, 446, 401 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 389, 446, 401 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux下的所有文件和目录以一个树状的结构组织构成了 Linux 中的文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 404, 377, 417 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 404, 379, 419 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 404, 379, 419 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 文件系统标准（Linux File System Standard，FSSTND）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 419, 392, 433 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 418, 393, 435 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 418, 393, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统层次结构标准（File System Hierarchy Standard，FHS）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 450, 504, 479 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 450, 506, 466 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 450, 506, 466 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 的内核采用了称之为虚拟文件系统（Virtual File System，VFS）的技术，因此", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 466, 282, 481 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 466, 282, 481 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 可以支持多种不同的文件系统类型。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 482, 203, 494 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 481, 204, 495 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 481, 204, 495 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux可支持的文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 497, 499, 526 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 497, 500, 512 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 497, 500, 512 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 目前几乎支持所有的 UNIX 类的文件系统，如 HFS、XFS、JFS、Minix FS 及 UFS 等", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 513, 208, 527 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 513, 208, 527 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 支持 NFS 文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 528, 255, 541 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 526, 257, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 526, 257, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 也支持 NTFS 和 vfat（FAT32）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 544, 140, 556 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 544, 142, 558 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 544, 142, 558 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux 支持", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 136, 571 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 138, 574 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 138, 574 ], "type": "text", "content": "ext3/ext4", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 576, 138, 588 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 574, 141, 591 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 574, 141, 591 ], "type": "text", "content": "JFS（IBM）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 143, 603 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 590, 146, 607 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 590, 146, 607 ], "type": "text", "content": "XFS（ SGI ）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 607, 129, 618 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 606, 130, 620 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 606, 130, 620 ], "type": "text", "content": "Reiserfs", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 622, 184, 634 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 622, 185, 635 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 622, 185, 635 ], "type": "text", "content": "日志文件系统的优点", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 638, 205, 650 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 638, 206, 651 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 638, 206, 651 ], "type": "text", "content": "提高了文件的存储安全性", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 653, 205, 666 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 654, 205, 666 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 654, 205, 666 ], "type": "text", "content": "降低了文件被破坏的机率", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 669, 205, 681 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 668, 206, 682 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 668, 206, 682 ], "type": "text", "content": "缩短了对磁盘的扫描时间", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 685, 205, 697 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 685, 206, 698 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 685, 206, 698 ], "type": "text", "content": "减少了磁盘整体扫描次数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 701, 160, 712 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 699, 163, 714 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 699, 163, 714 ], "type": "text", "content": "ext2/ext3/ext4", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 716, 213, 728 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 715, 214, 729 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 715, 214, 729 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux使用的标准文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 115, 744 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 731, 118, 747 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 731, 118, 747 ], "type": "text", "content": "swap", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 747, 152, 759 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 746, 154, 761 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 746, 154, 761 ], "type": "text", "content": "交换文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 60 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 143, 90 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 143, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 143, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "FAT32/vfat", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 180, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 180, 109 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 180, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": "Windows 文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 111, 110, 121 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 111, 126 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 111, 126 ], "type": "text", "content": "NFS", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 154, 137 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 154, 138 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 154, 138 ], "type": "text", "content": "网络文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 129, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 129, 155 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 129, 155 ], "type": "text", "content": "iso9660", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 176, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 174, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 174, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "标准光盘文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 216, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 174, 215, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 174, 215, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "在硬盘上创建分区或逻辑卷", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 227, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 188, 227, 201 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 188, 227, 201 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以使用fdisk命令创建分区。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 262, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 263, 216 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 263, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以使用LVM的相关命令创建逻辑卷", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 214, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 213, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 213, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "在分区/LV上建立文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 270, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 269, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 269, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "类似于在Windows下进行格式化操作。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 195, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 250, 195, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 250, 195, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "挂装文件系统到系统中", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 221, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 264, 222, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 264, 222, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "手工挂装：使用mount命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 348, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 348, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 348, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "启动时自动挂装：编辑“/etc/fstab” 添加相应的配置行。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 154, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 154, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 154, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "卸装文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 312, 464, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 464, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 464, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "对于可移动介质上的文件系统，当使用完毕可以使用 umount 命令实施卸装操作。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 230, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 342, 232, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 342, 232, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "挂载文件系统——mount 命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 185, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 185, 373 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 185, 373 ], "type": "text", "content": "功能：挂装文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 112, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 374, 114, 391 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 374, 114, 391 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 289, 404 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 389, 291, 406 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 389, 291, 406 ], "type": "text", "content": "mount [选项] [<分区设备名>] [<挂装点>]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 132, 418 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 133, 421 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 133, 421 ], "type": "text", "content": "常用选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 270, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 423, 270, 434 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 423, 167, 434 ], "type": "text", "content": "-t <文件系统类型", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 167, 423, 174, 433 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathrm { . }", "score": 0.62 }, { "bbox": [ 175, 423, 270, 434 ], "type": "text", "content": "：指定文件系统类型", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 206, 449 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 437, 206, 450 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 437, 206, 450 ], "type": "text", "content": "-r ：使用只读方式来挂载", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 264, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 452, 265, 467 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 452, 265, 467 ], "type": "text", "content": "-a：挂装/etc/fstab 文件中记录的设备", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 351, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 352, 483 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 352, 483 ], "type": "text", "content": "-o iocharset=cp936：使挂装的设备可以显示中文文件名", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 314, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 314, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 314, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "-o loop：使用回送设备挂装ISO文件和映像文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 185, 512 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 499, 185, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 499, 185, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "挂装点目录必须存在", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 290, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 516, 290, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 516, 290, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "应该在挂装目录的上级目录下进行挂装操作", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 301, 543 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 531, 301, 545 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 531, 301, 545 ], "type": "text", "content": "不该在同一个挂装点目录下挂装两个文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 296, 560 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 546, 296, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 546, 296, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "当文件系统处于“busy”状态时不能进行卸装", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 233, 575 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 234, 577 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 234, 577 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统何时处于“busy”状态", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 216, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 577, 216, 591 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 577, 216, 591 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统上面有打开的文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 258, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 258, 607 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 258, 607 ], "type": "text", "content": "某个进程的工作目录在此文件系统上", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 609, 258, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 609, 258, 622 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 609, 258, 622 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统上面的缓存文件正在被使用", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 624, 504, 653 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 504, 637 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 504, 637 ], "type": "text", "content": "fuser命令可以根据文件（目录、设备）查找使用它的进程，同时也提供了杀死这些进程", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 639, 128, 655 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 639, 128, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "的方法。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 132, 668 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 35, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 133, 670 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 133, 670 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用举例", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 238, 683 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 36, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 671, 238, 683 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 671, 238, 683 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看挂接点有哪些进程需要杀掉", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 218, 699 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 37, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 686, 220, 701 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 686, 220, 701 ], "type": "text", "content": "# fuser -cu /mount_point", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 703, 287, 715 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 38, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 287, 718 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 287, 718 ], "type": "text", "content": "杀死这些进程（向其发送[SIGKILL, 9]信号）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 719, 218, 730 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 39, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 716, 219, 732 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 716, 219, 732 ], "type": "text", "content": "# fuser -ck /mount_point", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 237, 746 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 40, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 734, 238, 747 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 734, 238, 747 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看是否还有进程在访问挂接点", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 750, 212, 762 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 41, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 747, 213, 764 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 747, 213, 764 ], "type": "text", "content": "# fuser -c /mount_point", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 61 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 182, 89 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 183, 91 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 183, 91 ], "type": "text", "content": "卸载挂接点上的设备", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 95, 212, 106 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 213, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 213, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "# umount /mount_point", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 125, 213, 137 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 213, 138 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 213, 138 ], "type": "text", "content": "什么是LVM,LVM如何管理", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 141, 153, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 154, 153 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 154, 153 ], "type": "text", "content": "卸载文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 157, 154, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 155, 171 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 155, 171 ], "type": "text", "content": "Umount 命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 172, 184, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 185, 186 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 185, 186 ], "type": "text", "content": "挂载点目录必须存在", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 188, 342, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 188, 342, 201 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 188, 342, 201 ], "type": "text", "content": "应该在怪载目录的上级目录的上级目录下进行挂载操作", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 203, 184, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 185, 218 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 185, 218 ], "type": "text", "content": "不该在同一个挂载点", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 218, 496, 247 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 219, 497, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 219, 497, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "Fuser可以根据文件（目录、设备）查找使用它的进程，同时提懂了杀死这些进程的方法", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 238, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 238, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "系统启动时，自动挂装文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 265, 137, 277 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 265, 139, 279 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 265, 139, 279 ], "type": "text", "content": "/etc/fstab", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 281, 468, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 281, 468, 294 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 281, 468, 294 ], "type": "text", "content": "开机后系统会自动搜索该文件中的内容，对雷雨该文件重点文件系统进行自动挂载", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 296, 498, 325 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 499, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 499, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "fstab (file system table) 是一个纯文本文件，开机后，系统会自动搜索该文件中的内容，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 285, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 285, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "对列于该文件中的文件系统进行自动挂载。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 328, 247, 340 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 328, 248, 342 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 328, 248, 342 ], "type": "text", "content": "系统重启时保留文件系统体系结构", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 343, 195, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 195, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 195, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "配置文件系统体系结构", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 359, 241, 371 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 243, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 243, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "被 mount、fsck 和其它程序使用", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 375, 339, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 340, 390 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 340, 390 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用 mount -a 命令挂载 /etc/fstab 中的所有文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 391, 237, 402 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 238, 403 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 238, 403 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以在设备栏使用文件系统卷标", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 406, 192, 417 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 193, 419 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 193, 419 ], "type": "text", "content": "/etc/fstab 包含的信息", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 422, 258, 433 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 258, 435 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 258, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "每一行说明一个文件系统的挂载信息", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 437, 402, 449 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 437, 403, 451 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 437, 403, 451 ], "type": "text", "content": "每一行由 6 列信息组成，列与列之间用 TAB 键隔开，一般格式如下：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 86, 474, 400, 561 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 474, 400, 561 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 474, 400, 561 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 474, 400, 561 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "9303ce8214d567f55d42a0a06e6131a49607bc6c4c19ed7d6ee97b0a07b20ae3.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 20, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 20 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 592, 381, 605 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 383, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 383, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "分区或 LV 挂装点 文件系统类型 挂装选项 备份频率 检查顺序", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 608, 383, 622 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 607, 385, 626 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 607, 213, 626 ], "type": "text", "content": "fs_spec fs_file fs_type", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 235, 608, 385, 625 ], "type": "text", "content": "fs_options fs_dump fs_pass", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 640, 181, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 182, 654 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 182, 654 ], "type": "text", "content": "fs_file：挂装点目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 655, 199, 668 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 199, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 199, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "fs_type：文件系统类型", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 671, 235, 683 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 236, 684 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 236, 684 ], "type": "text", "content": "fs_options：文件系统挂载选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 687, 503, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 505, 701 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 505, 701 ], "type": "text", "content": "fs_dump：被”dump”命令使用来检查一个文件系统应该以多快频率进行转储，若不需要", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 185, 716 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 185, 716 ], "type": "text", "content": "转储则该字段为“0”", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 717, 503, 745 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 717, 505, 731 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 717, 505, 731 ], "type": "text", "content": "fs_pass：被”fsck”命令用来决定在启动时需要被扫描的文件系统的顺序，若无需在启动", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 196, 746 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 196, 746 ], "type": "text", "content": "时扫描则该字段为“0”", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 62 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 260, 92 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 258, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 258, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "每一行说明一个文件系统的挂载信息", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 94, 418, 108 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 418, 109 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 418, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": "设备名 挂载点 文件系统类型 挂装选项列表 dump 时记录 fsck 时的顺序", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 182, 122 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 110, 182, 124 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 110, 182, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": "EXT 2/3/4 文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 192, 138 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 192, 139 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 192, 139 ], "type": "text", "content": "前端命令mkfs的格式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 245, 154 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 245, 157 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 245, 157 ], "type": "text", "content": "Mkfs-t -c <分区设备名>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 192, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 192, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 192, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "前端命令mkfs的格式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 259, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 171, 260, 187 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 171, 260, 187 ], "type": "text", "content": "# mkfs -t -c <分区设备名>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 224, 201 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 226, 203 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 226, 203 ], "type": "text", "content": "-t fstype：指定文件系统类型", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 256, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 257, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 257, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "-c：建立文件系统前先检测有无坏块", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 111, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 218, 113, 235 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 218, 113, 235 ], "type": "text", "content": "举例", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 221, 247 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 222, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 222, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "# mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/hda2", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 208, 262 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 208, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 208, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "# mkfs -t vfat /dev/hdb2", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 199, 278 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 200, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 200, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "# mke2fs -c /dev/hda2", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 198, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 199, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 199, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 312, 357, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 358, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 358, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "fsck 是操作系统扫描文件系统内容检查内部一致性的工具。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 132, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 133, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 133, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "主要功能", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 216, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 216, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 216, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "检测并修正链接中断的目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 206, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 360, 206, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 360, 206, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "检测并修正错误时间标记", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 271, 388 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 271, 390 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 271, 390 ], "type": "text", "content": "检测并修正指向错误磁盘区域的 i-node", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 132, 402 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 390, 133, 405 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 390, 133, 405 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令格式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 405, 391, 420 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 405, 392, 422 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 405, 258, 422 ], "type": "text", "content": "fsck [选项][-t 文件系统类型] <设备名", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 258, 407, 267, 417 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": ">", "score": 0.64 }, { "bbox": [ 267, 405, 392, 422 ], "type": "text", "content": "[特定文件系统的附加选项]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 437, 198, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 199, 452 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 199, 452 ], "type": "text", "content": "Fsck ——检查文件系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 129, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 452, 130, 467 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 452, 130, 467 ], "type": "text", "content": "Tune2fs", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 195, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 195, 481 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 195, 481 ], "type": "text", "content": "显示文件系统属性参数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 185, 496 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 185, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 185, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "tune2fs -l ", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 499, 198, 512 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 499, 198, 514 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 499, 198, 514 ], "type": "text", "content": "dumpe2fs -h ", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 216, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 516, 216, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 516, 216, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "可调整的文件系统属性参数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 121, 543 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 123, 545 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 123, 545 ], "type": "text", "content": "保留块", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 153, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 547, 153, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 547, 153, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "默认挂载选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 133, 574 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 561, 135, 575 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 561, 135, 575 ], "type": "text", "content": "fsck 频率", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 111, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 576, 114, 594 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 576, 114, 594 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 216, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 217, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 217, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "tune2fs [<选项>] <设备名>", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 132, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 134, 624 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 134, 624 ], "type": "text", "content": "常用选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 624, 437, 637 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 439, 639 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 439, 639 ], "type": "text", "content": "-c：表示文件系统在 mount 次数达到设定后，需要运行 fsck 检查文件系统。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 436, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 437, 654 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 437, 654 ], "type": "text", "content": "-i：文件系统的检查间隔时间。系统在达到时间间隔时，自动检查文件系统。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 383, 668 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 35, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 384, 671 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 384, 671 ], "type": "text", "content": "-j：为 ext2 文件系统添加文件系统日志，转换为 ext3 文件系统。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 277, 683 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 36, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 277, 686 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 255, 686 ], "type": "text", "content": "-m: 设置保留的空间百分比，预设为", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 256, 671, 273, 683 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "5 \\% .", "score": 0.79 }, { "bbox": [ 274, 671, 277, 686 ], "type": "text", "content": "。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 193, 699 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 37, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 194, 700 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 194, 700 ], "type": "text", "content": "-o: 设置默认加载参数。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 283, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 38, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 284, 717 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 284, 717 ], "type": "text", "content": "-L: 为指定设备设置卷标，不大于 16 字符。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 733, 217, 745 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 39, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 217, 747 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 217, 747 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统的 LABLE 和 UUID", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 195, 761 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 40, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 750, 195, 761 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 750, 195, 761 ], "type": "text", "content": "标识块设备的传统方法", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 63 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 121, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 123, 95 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 123, 95 ], "type": "text", "content": "设备名", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 194, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 195, 107 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 195, 107 ], "type": "text", "content": "标识块设备的其他方法", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 111, 164, 122 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 166, 124 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 166, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统 LABEL", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 171, 137 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 172, 139 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 172, 139 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统的UUID", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 276, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 140, 277, 157 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 140, 277, 157 ], "type": "text", "content": "在生成文件系统时自动为设备只当 UUID", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 405, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 405, 171 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 405, 171 ], "type": "text", "content": "磁盘限额是系统管理员用来监控和限制用户或组对磁盘的使用的工具", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 408, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 410, 187 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 410, 187 ], "type": "text", "content": "磁盘限额是系统管理员用来监控和限制用户或组对磁盘的使用的工具。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 189, 216, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 189, 215, 200 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 189, 215, 200 ], "type": "text", "content": "磁盘限额可以从两方面限制", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 315, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 315, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 315, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "限制用户或组可以拥有的inode数（即文件个数）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 257, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 220, 257, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 220, 257, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "限制分配给用户或组的磁盘块的数目", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 235, 504, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 505, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 505, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "磁盘配额是以每一使用者，每一文件系统为基础的。如果使用者可以在超过一个以上的文", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 358, 263 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 358, 263 ], "type": "text", "content": "件系统上建立文件，那么必须在每一文件系统上分别设定。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 266, 315, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 267, 315, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 267, 315, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "硬限制：超过此设定值后不能继续存储新的文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 281, 504, 309 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 505, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 505, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": "软限制：超过此设定值后仍旧可以继续存储新的文件，同时系统发出警告信息, 建议用户清", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 252, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 252, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "理自己的文件，释放出更多的空间。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 312, 418, 325 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 313, 420, 326 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 313, 420, 326 ], "type": "text", "content": "时限：超过软限制多长时间之内（默认为7天）可以继续存储新的文件。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 329, 131, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 133, 344 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 133, 344 ], "type": "text", "content": "Edquota", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 343, 166, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 343, 167, 358 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 343, 167, 358 ], "type": "text", "content": "交互式编辑配额", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 360, 131, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 133, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 133, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "edquota", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 163, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 164, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 164, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令式设置配额", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 392, 133, 403 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 391, 135, 405 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 391, 135, 405 ], "type": "text", "content": "setquota", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 276, 418 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 277, 419 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 277, 419 ], "type": "text", "content": "将参考用户/组的配额复制给其他用户/组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 423, 235, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 420, 238, 439 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 420, 238, 439 ], "type": "text", "content": "edquota -p ……", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 439, 235, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 436, 237, 454 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 436, 237, 454 ], "type": "text", "content": "setquota -p ……", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 185, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 185, 466 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 185, 466 ], "type": "text", "content": "编辑指定用户的配额", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 292, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 294, 485 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 294, 485 ], "type": "text", "content": "edquota [-u] [ -f filesystem ] ", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 174, 496 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 174, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 174, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "编辑指定组的配额", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 299, 513 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 498, 301, 516 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 498, 301, 516 ], "type": "text", "content": "edquota -g [ -f filesystem ] ", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 205, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 514, 206, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 514, 206, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "编辑指定用户的配额时限", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 238, 544 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 240, 547 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 240, 547 ], "type": "text", "content": "edquota -t [-u] [ -f filesystem ]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 547, 194, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 548, 195, 559 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 548, 195, 559 ], "type": "text", "content": "编辑指定组的配额时限", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 597, 154, 613 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 595, 157, 616 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 595, 157, 616 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户管理", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 652, 130, 663 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 651, 132, 666 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 651, 132, 666 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看用户", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 698, 199, 710 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 698, 200, 712 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 698, 200, 712 ], "type": "text", "content": "请打开终端，输入命令：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 715, 143, 725 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 714, 145, 727 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 714, 96, 726 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.7 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 714, 145, 727 ], "type": "text", "content": "who am i", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 745, 120, 757 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 744, 122, 760 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 744, 122, 760 ], "type": "text", "content": "# 或者", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 64 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 125, 507, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 504, 138 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 126, 504, 138 ], "type": "text", "content": "说明：在不同的 Linux 发行版中，在线安装方式会有一些差异，包括使用的命令及它们的", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 141, 504, 154 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 141, 504, 154 ], "type": "text", "content": "包管理工具。本实验的环境是基于 Ubuntu 的，所以这里涉及的在线安装方式仅只适用于", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 158, 505, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 158, 505, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "Ubuntu 发行版，或其它基于 Ubuntu 的发行版如我国的 ubuntukylin(优麒麟)。Ubuntu", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 505, 186 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 505, 186 ], "type": "text", "content": "又是基于 Debian 的衍生发行版，使用的也是 Debian 的包管理工具dpkg，所以一些操作", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 189, 504, 201 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 189, 504, 201 ], "type": "text", "content": "也适用与 Debian。对于其他发行版，由于使用的包管理器不同，相应的命令和选项也会", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 202, 506, 218 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 202, 506, 218 ], "type": "text", "content": "有一些差异，例如 RHEL、CentOS、openEuler 等使用 yum 或者 dnf。请查阅资料学习相", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 138, 233 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 138, 233 ], "type": "text", "content": "应的命令。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 234, 285, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 284, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 284, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "通常 Linux 上的软件安装主要有四种方式：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 250, 233, 309 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 250, 168, 262 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 249, 169, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 256, 111, 259 ], "type": "text", "content": ".", "score": 0.577 }, { "bbox": [ 122, 249, 169, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "在线安装", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 265, 233, 278 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 266, 234, 278 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 271, 111, 275 ], "type": "text", "content": ".", "score": 0.845 }, { "bbox": [ 123, 266, 234, 278 ], "type": "text", "content": "从磁盘安装deb 软件包", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 281, 221, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 282, 221, 294 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 287, 111, 290 ], "type": "text", "content": "", "score": 0.0 }, { "bbox": [ 123, 282, 221, 294 ], "type": "text", "content": "从二进制软件包安装", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 297, 210, 309 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 297, 211, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 302, 111, 306 ], "type": "text", "content": ".", "score": 0.889 }, { "bbox": [ 123, 297, 211, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "从源代码编译安装", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 312, 506, 357 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 314, 505, 325 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 314, 505, 325 ], "type": "text", "content": "这几种安装方式各有优劣，而大多数软件包会采用多种方式发布软件，所以我们常常需要", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 329, 504, 341 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 329, 504, 341 ], "type": "text", "content": "全部掌握这几种软件安装方式，以便适应各种环境。下面将介绍前三种安装方式，从源码", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 284, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 284, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "编译安装你将在 Linux 程序设计中学习到。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 375, 465, 388 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 467, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 467, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 Linux 系统里， root 账户拥有整个系统至高无上的权利，比如 新建/添加 用户。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 390, 506, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 505, 403 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 505, 403 ], "type": "text", "content": "root 权 限 ， 系 统 权 限 的 一 种 ， 与 SYSTEM 权 限 可 以 理 解 成 一 个 概 念 ， 但 高 于", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 505, 418 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 505, 418 ], "type": "text", "content": "Administrator 权限，root 是 Linux 和 UNIX 系统中的超级管理员用户帐户，该帐户拥有", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 506, 434 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 423, 506, 434 ], "type": "text", "content": "整个系统至高无上的权力，所有对象他都可以操作，所以很多黑客在入侵系统的时候，都", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 506, 450 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 506, 450 ], "type": "text", "content": "要把权限提升到 root 权限，这个操作等同于在 Windows 下就是将新建的非法帐户添加到", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 505, 466 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 505, 466 ], "type": "text", "content": "Administrators 用户组。更比如安卓操作系统中（基于 Linux 内核）获得 root 权限之后", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 504, 481 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 504, 481 ], "type": "text", "content": "就意味着已经获得了手机的最高权限，这时候你可以对手机中的任何文件（包括系统文", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 264, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 264, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "件）执行所有增、删、改、查的操作。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 499, 508, 574 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 501, 509, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 501, 509, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "大部分 Linux 系统在安装时都会建议用户新建一个用户而不是直接使用 root用户进行登录，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 516, 506, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 516, 506, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "当然也有直接使用root 登录的，例如Kali（基于 Debian 的 Linux 发行版，集成大量工具", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 506, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 506, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "软件，主要用于数字取证的操作系统）。一般我们登录系统时都是以普通账户的身份登录", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 505, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 505, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "的，要创建用户需要 root 权限，这里就要用到 sudo 这个命令了。不过使用这个命令有两", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 561, 128, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 561, 128, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "个前提：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 577, 264, 605 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 577, 252, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 577, 252, 591 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 577, 252, 591 ], "type": "text", "content": "要知道当前登录用户的密码", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 593, 264, 605 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 593, 265, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 124, 593, 265, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "当前用户必须在 sudo 用户组。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 87, 608, 289, 622 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 608, 290, 624 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 608, 290, 624 ], "type": "text", "content": "说明：shiyanlou 用户也属于 sudo 用户组。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 640, 279, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 279, 653 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 279, 653 ], "type": "text", "content": "账户实质上就是一个用户在系统上的标识", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 655, 478, 668 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 655, 479, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 655, 479, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "系统依据账户来区分每个用户的文件、进程、任务，给每个用户提供特定的工作环境", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 671, 235, 683 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 235, 684 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 235, 684 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux系统下的用户账户有两种", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 687, 152, 699 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 153, 700 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 153, 700 ], "type": "text", "content": "普通用户账户", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 702, 220, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 703, 220, 716 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 703, 220, 716 ], "type": "text", "content": "超级用户账户（管理员账户）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 718, 202, 731 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 715, 203, 735 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 715, 151, 735 ], "type": "text", "content": "超级用户 yud", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 151, 719, 165, 730 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathtt { = 0 }", "score": 0.69 }, { "bbox": [ 165, 715, 189, 735 ], "type": "text", "content": "，gid", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 189, 719, 203, 730 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathtt { = 0 }", "score": 0.56 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 734, 186, 746 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 732, 186, 749 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 732, 142, 749 ], "type": "text", "content": "普通用户 u", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 142, 734, 186, 746 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "{ \\mathsf { d } } { \\mathsf { s } } { = } 1 0 0 0", "score": 0.51 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 749, 155, 761 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 155, 763 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 140, 763 ], "type": "text", "content": "系统用户：", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 140, 750, 155, 761 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "0 <", "score": 0.65 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 174, 106 ], "type": "header", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 93, 174, 109 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 96, 106 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.64 }, { "bbox": [ 97, 93, 174, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": "who mom likes", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 65 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 277, 92 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 277, 94 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 277, 94 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户名和 uid 被保存在/etc/passwd 文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 94, 401, 108 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 94, 401, 109 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 94, 401, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": "当用户登录时，它们被分配了一个主目录和一个运行的程序（shell）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 167, 122 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 111, 168, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 111, 168, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "组时用户的集合。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 125, 296, 138 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 297, 141 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 297, 141 ], "type": "text", "content": "每个组都被分配了一个唯一的组 ID 号（GID）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 121, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 123, 156 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 123, 156 ], "type": "text", "content": "标准组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 173, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 174, 171 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 174, 171 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以容纳多个用户", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 121, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 123, 187 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 123, 187 ], "type": "text", "content": "私有组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 153, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 187, 154, 202 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 187, 154, 202 ], "type": "text", "content": "只有用户自己", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 203, 505, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 506, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 506, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "当创建一个新用户时，若没有指定他所属于的组，RHEL就会建立一个和该用户同名的私", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 258, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 220, 258, 233 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 220, 258, 233 ], "type": "text", "content": "有组，且用户被分配到这个私有组中", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 234, 398, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 233, 399, 250 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 233, 399, 250 ], "type": "text", "content": "一个用户可以属于多个组，这些组可以是私有组，也可以是标准组。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 250, 242, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 242, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 242, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "默认启用 shadow oasswird 功能", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 266, 174, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 266, 174, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 266, 174, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "一般不设置组口令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 247, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 248, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 248, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": "尽量使用私有组来提高系统安全性", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 195, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 298, 195, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 298, 195, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "不建议管理员直接编辑", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 174, 325 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 174, 326 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 174, 326 ], "type": "text", "content": "账户验证信息文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 132, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 133, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 133, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "口令文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 132, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 133, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 133, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件权限", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 149, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 151, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 151, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "/etc/passwd", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 375, 367, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 368, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 368, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "每一个用户一条记录，每条记录用分号杰哥的七个字段组成。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 152, 403 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 153, 404 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 153, 404 ], "type": "text", "content": "影子口令文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 142, 418 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 143, 420 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 143, 420 ], "type": "text", "content": "组账号文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 225, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 422, 226, 435 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 422, 226, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "组口令文件 每一组一i奥记录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 437, 258, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 437, 258, 450 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 437, 258, 450 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户默认配置文件‘新用户基本信息", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 195, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 452, 196, 468 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 452, 196, 468 ], "type": "text", "content": "添加用户账号 useradd", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 483, 195, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 195, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 195, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "编辑账户验证信息文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 142, 513 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 500, 143, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 500, 143, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建主目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 152, 543 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 154, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 154, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "设置用户口令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 546, 182, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 545, 184, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 545, 184, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "Passw的【用户名】", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 152, 575 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 154, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 154, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "修改用户账号", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 277, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 279, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 279, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "Usermod 选项与 useradd 命令基本相同", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 171, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 594, 173, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 594, 173, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "Userdel 删除账号", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 609, 195, 622 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 196, 623 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 196, 623 ], "type": "text", "content": "Groupadd 添加组账号", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 198, 637 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 199, 639 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 199, 639 ], "type": "text", "content": "Groupmod 修改组账号", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 201, 653 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 202, 654 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 202, 654 ], "type": "text", "content": "Groupdel 删除的组账号", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 189, 668 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 35, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 191, 670 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 191, 670 ], "type": "text", "content": "Gpasswd 修改组账号", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 174, 683 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 36, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 175, 685 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 175, 685 ], "type": "text", "content": "批量用户管理工具", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 190, 699 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 37, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 686, 191, 702 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 686, 191, 702 ], "type": "text", "content": "Newusers chpasswd", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 184, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 38, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 703, 184, 716 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 703, 184, 716 ], "type": "text", "content": "批量生成安全的口令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 123, 730 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 39, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 716, 126, 734 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 716, 126, 734 ], "type": "text", "content": "Pwgen", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 289, 746 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 40, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 290, 747 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 134, 747 ], "type": "text", "content": "口令维护——", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 151, 734, 290, 747 ], "type": "text", "content": "禁用、删除和维护和口令时效", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 216, 761 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 41, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 217, 762 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 217, 762 ], "type": "text", "content": "设置已存在用户的口令时效", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 66 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 153, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 154, 93 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 154, 93 ], "type": "text", "content": "用户切换命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 103, 105 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 95, 104, 110 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 95, 104, 110 ], "type": "text", "content": "Su", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 184, 122 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 110, 184, 124 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 110, 184, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": "直接切换为冲击用户", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 125, 478, 138 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 479, 139 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 479, 139 ], "type": "text", "content": "Sudo执行系统管理命令，无需知道超级用户的口令，使用普通用户自己的口令即可。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 216, 154 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 217, 156 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 217, 156 ], "type": "text", "content": "Id groups whoami w/who", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 132, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 133, 172 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 133, 172 ], "type": "text", "content": "权限管理", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 308, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 172, 308, 186 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 172, 308, 186 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux允许多个用户同时在系统上个登录和工作", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 230, 201 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 230, 202 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 230, 202 ], "type": "text", "content": "同归 uid、gid 来却分每个用户", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 318, 217 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 202, 319, 219 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 202, 319, 219 ], "type": "text", "content": "每个进程都是用一个 uid 和一个或多个 gid 来运行", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 267, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 219, 267, 233 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 219, 267, 233 ], "type": "text", "content": "读权限 r 对文件的含义和对目录的含义", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 132, 247 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 134, 249 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 134, 249 ], "type": "text", "content": "写权限 w", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 140, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 249, 142, 265 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 249, 142, 265 ], "type": "text", "content": "执行权限 x", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 363, 280 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 266, 363, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 266, 363, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "目录上只有执行权限，不能列出目录列表也不能删除改目录", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 153, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 154, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 154, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": "分配三种权限", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 184, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 185, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 185, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件和目录的使用者", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 195, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 195, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 195, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "属主、同组人、其他人", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 132, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 134, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 134, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "权限分配", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 289, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 290, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 344, 290, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "属主的权限：用于限制文件或目录的创建者", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 195, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 360, 195, 372 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 360, 195, 372 ], "type": "text", "content": "属组的权限：用于限制", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 132, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 133, 390 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 133, 390 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看权限", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 504, 419 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 504, 402 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 504, 402 ], "type": "text", "content": "D 文件类型 文件权限 硬链接数或目录包含的文件数 文件所有者 文件所有者所在的用户组", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 283, 419 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 283, 419 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件长度 文件上次修改时间和日期 文件名", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 151, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 151, 435 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 151, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "3套权限控制", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 437, 357, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 358, 451 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 358, 451 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件类型所有者的权限 同组用户权限 其他用户的访问权限", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 195, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 195, 466 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 195, 466 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以用八进制数值表示", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 223, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 224, 482 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 224, 482 ], "type": "text", "content": "Chmod 改变文件或目录权限", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 232, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 233, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 233, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "Chown 改变文件或目录的属主", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 144, 513 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 498, 146, 515 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 498, 146, 515 ], "type": "text", "content": "Chgrp 改变", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 504, 544 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 516, 505, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 516, 505, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "Chmod 命令有两种设置方法，一个文件字模是一个八进制。-R表示对目录中的所有文件", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 530, 196, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 530, 196, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "或子目录进行递归操作", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 547, 208, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 209, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 209, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "chown 改变文件的所有者", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 200, 575 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 562, 201, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 562, 201, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "chmod 改变文件的权限", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 577, 178, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 576, 179, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 576, 127, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "chmod", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 128, 579, 155, 590 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\uplus \\dag \\mathsf { r w }", "score": 0.76 }, { "bbox": [ 155, 576, 179, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "file1", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 593, 189, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 591, 191, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 591, 127, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "chmod", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 128, 594, 167, 607 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathsf { U } ^ { + } \\mathsf { X } , \\mathsf { g } ^ { - } \\mathsf { X }", "score": 0.75 }, { "bbox": [ 167, 591, 191, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "file2", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 609, 167, 622 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 608, 169, 624 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 608, 169, 624 ], "type": "text", "content": "chmod g-x file1", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 624, 242, 636 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 624, 243, 638 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 624, 243, 638 ], "type": "text", "content": "chmod 610 file1 #r-4/w-2/x-1", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 184, 653 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 186, 655 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 186, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "chgrp 改变文件的组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 123, 682 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 35, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 124, 686 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 124, 686 ], "type": "text", "content": "U user", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 144, 699 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 36, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 145, 700 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 145, 700 ], "type": "text", "content": "G 同组用户", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 703, 138, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 37, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 139, 716 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 139, 716 ], "type": "text", "content": "R4w2x1-0", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 717, 428, 730 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 38, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 717, 428, 732 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 717, 428, 732 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用三个数字模式来表示，分别代表用户n1、同组用户n2、其他用户n3", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 342, 746 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 39, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 734, 342, 747 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 734, 342, 747 ], "type": "text", "content": "每个数字模式由不同权限缩影的数字相加得到一个访问", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 67 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 79, 199, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 199, 93 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 199, 93 ], "type": "text", "content": "改变文件/目录属主或组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 220, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 220, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 220, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "Root用户改变文件的所有者", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 283, 122 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 283, 124 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 283, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": "Root 用户或所有者才能改变文件的所属组", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 260, 137 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 260, 140 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 260, 140 ], "type": "text", "content": "默认的访问权限，由 unmask 去决定", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 415, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 415, 154 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 415, 154 ], "type": "text", "content": "默认生成掩码告诉系统当创建一个文件或目录时不应该赋予其哪些权限", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 195, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 195, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 195, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "系统不允许用户在创建", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 190, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 191, 186 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 191, 186 ], "type": "text", "content": "设置umask值的方法", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 217, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 187, 218, 203 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 187, 218, 203 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用 unmask 命令临时设置", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 170, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 170, 218 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 170, 218 ], "type": "text", "content": "在~/.bashrc 实现", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 153, 247 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 154, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 154, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "三种特殊权限", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 250, 387, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 387, 265 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 387, 265 ], "type": "text", "content": "Suid 使用命令所属用户的权限来运行，而不是命令执行者的权限", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 266, 230, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 230, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 230, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "Sgid 使用命令的组权限来运行", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 200, 295 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 201, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 201, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "Suid 和 sgid 都用 s 表示", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 176, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 177, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 177, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "Sticky-bit 用 t 表示", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 312, 380, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 381, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 381, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "Suid 时占用属主的 x 位置来表示、sgid 占用组的 x 位置来表示、", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 327, 483, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 328, 483, 341 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 328, 483, 341 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用一个单独 的数字模式（n0）由不同权限所对应的数字相加得到一个表示特殊权限", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 207, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 207, 372 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 207, 372 ], "type": "text", "content": "Ext2/3/4 的文件扩展说下", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 214, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 215, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 215, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "A atime 告诉系统不要修改", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 186, 403 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 390, 186, 405 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 390, 186, 405 ], "type": "text", "content": "S sync 写操作写到错", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 155, 435 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 421, 156, 438 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 421, 156, 438 ], "type": "text", "content": "A append oly", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 151, 449 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 437, 151, 451 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 437, 151, 451 ], "type": "text", "content": "I immutable", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 119, 464 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 120, 467 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 120, 467 ], "type": "text", "content": "Lsattr", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 121, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 123, 483 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 123, 483 ], "type": "text", "content": "Chattr", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 321, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 321, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 321, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "并不适用于所有点目录，注意如下目录的扩展属性", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 202, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 203, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 203, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "Posix文件访问控制列表", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 132, 543 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 530, 133, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 530, 133, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "ALC 标准", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 547, 272, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 273, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 273, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "FACL 时 file access control lists 的缩写", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 578, 105, 589 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 576, 107, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 576, 107, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "Acl", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 270, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 271, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 271, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "通过文件系统的挂装选项实现 ACL 支持", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 609, 210, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 608, 210, 623 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 608, 210, 623 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看ext4文件的默认选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 625, 132, 636 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 134, 641 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 134, 641 ], "type": "text", "content": "存取 ACL", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 247, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 248, 654 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 248, 654 ], "type": "text", "content": "对指定文件或目录的存取控制列表", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 132, 667 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 133, 671 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 133, 671 ], "type": "text", "content": "默认 ACL", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 132, 683 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 671, 133, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 671, 133, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "ACL 工具", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 168, 699 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 686, 170, 702 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 686, 170, 702 ], "type": "text", "content": "Gerfacl、serfacl", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 111, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 35, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 702, 113, 719 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 702, 113, 719 ], "type": "text", "content": "程序", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 111, 729 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 36, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 717, 113, 734 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 717, 113, 734 ], "type": "text", "content": "进程", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 135, 745 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 37, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 137, 748 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 137, 748 ], "type": "text", "content": "职业/任务", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 226, 761 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 38, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 749, 226, 762 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 749, 226, 762 ], "type": "text", "content": "长须知识一个金泰的指令级和", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 68 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 506, 108 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 505, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 505, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "进程时资源申请。调度、和独立运行的单位，因此，它使用系统中的运行资源；而程序不", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 165, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 95, 165, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "能申请系统资源", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 110, 214, 122 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 214, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 214, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux时多用户多任务系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 125, 426, 138 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 125, 426, 139 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 125, 426, 139 ], "type": "text", "content": "每个用户均可同时运行多个程序。为了区分每一个，进程号pid 是唯一地", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 142, 214, 154 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 214, 154 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 214, 154 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux采用分时技术来处理", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 157, 267, 170 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 155, 268, 173 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 155, 268, 173 ], "type": "text", "content": "西东启动后第一个进程是 init systemd", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 173, 183, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 183, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 183, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "Init 是唯一系统内核", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 150, 201 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 186, 151, 203 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 186, 151, 203 ], "type": "text", "content": "它的 pid 是 1", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 203, 249, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 249, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 249, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "出了init之外每个进程都由父进程", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 220, 199, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 218, 200, 235 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 218, 200, 235 ], "type": "text", "content": "Ruid。Rgideuid、egid", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 235, 358, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 233, 359, 250 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 233, 359, 250 ], "type": "text", "content": "交互进程 由 shell 启动进程 批处理进程 守护进程 daemon", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 177, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 177, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 177, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "前台进程 后台进程", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 265, 287, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 265, 287, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 265, 287, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "运行后台进程的方法是在命令行最后加上&", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 281, 383, 295 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 281, 384, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 281, 384, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "一个中断只能同时存在一个前台任务，但是可以由多个后台任务", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 297, 316, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 315, 311 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 315, 311 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看系统中的进程使用 ps 命令查看进程状态信息", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 312, 226, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 312, 227, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 312, 227, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "输出项包括：识别号 pid 中断", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 377, 186, 396 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 376, 188, 398 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 376, 188, 398 ], "type": "text", "content": "程序开发基础", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 433, 220, 447 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 432, 221, 450 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 432, 221, 450 ], "type": "text", "content": "C Programming Language", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 449, 201, 462 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 447, 202, 465 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 447, 202, 465 ], "type": "text", "content": "Edit/Compile/Link/Run", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 465, 272, 478 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 464, 274, 481 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 464, 274, 481 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc for C program compiling in Linux", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 481, 183, 494 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 478, 185, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 478, 185, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "gdb for debugging", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 496, 236, 509 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 493, 238, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 493, 238, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "gprof for performance tuning", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 512, 184, 523 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 511, 185, 525 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 511, 185, 525 ], "type": "text", "content": "make and makefile", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 542, 164, 555 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 543, 164, 555 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 543, 164, 555 ], "type": "text", "content": "程序的编译过程", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 69 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 94, 80, 439, 294 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 80, 439, 294 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 80, 439, 294 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 80, 439, 294 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "7588519c7f12e96c163525f9b3409ce4a08a894a2f7e00d9e8483feb1b56118b.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 296, 175, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 174, 311 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 174, 311 ], "type": "text", "content": "编译，链接和运行", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 312, 123, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 123, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 123, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "编译器", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 328, 229, 342 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 327, 230, 345 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 327, 230, 345 ], "type": "text", "content": "Gcc gnu compiler collection", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 343, 485, 373 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 343, 485, 358 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 343, 485, 358 ], "type": "text", "content": "Gnu 计划创建一个 unix-like 操作系统，免费软件。推动了在程序员之间的自由和合作", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 321, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 321, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "\"GNU C Compiler“  \"GNU Compiler Collection\"", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 375, 505, 405 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 506, 391 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 294, 391 ], "type": "text", "content": "support many languages such as C (gcc),", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 294, 375, 343, 389 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "{ \\mathsf { C } } ^ { + + } \\left( { \\mathsf { g } } ^ { + + } \\right) ,", "score": 0.87 }, { "bbox": [ 344, 375, 458, 391 ], "type": "text", "content": ", Objective-C, Objective-", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 458, 376, 478, 387 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "C ^ { + + }", "score": 0.69 }, { "bbox": [ 479, 375, 506, 391 ], "type": "text", "content": ", Java", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 390, 484, 407 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 390, 484, 407 ], "type": "text", "content": "(gcj), Fortran (gfortran), Ada (gnat), Go (gccgo), OpenMP, Cilk Plus, and OpenAcc.", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 422, 368, 435 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 420, 370, 439 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 420, 370, 439 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc 是一个开发应用和写操作系统的。也叫做 gnu toolchain", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 141, 438, 389, 527 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 438, 389, 451 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 142, 434, 386, 454 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 142, 434, 252, 454 ], "type": "text", "content": "1、 编译器 gcc such as", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 252, 439, 284, 450 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\subset / \\subset + +", "score": 0.83 }, { "bbox": [ 284, 434, 355, 454 ], "type": "text", "content": "and Objective-", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 356, 439, 386, 449 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\cdot \\mathsf { C } / \\mathsf { C } + +", "score": 0.83 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 141, 454, 213, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 451, 214, 468 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 451, 214, 468 ], "type": "text", "content": "2、 Gnu make", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 141, 469, 222, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 468, 223, 483 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 468, 223, 483 ], "type": "text", "content": "3、 Gnu binutils", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 141, 485, 234, 498 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 482, 235, 501 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 482, 235, 501 ], "type": "text", "content": "4、Gnu debugger", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 141, 501, 232, 513 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 498, 234, 515 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 498, 234, 515 ], "type": "text", "content": "5、Gnu autotools", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 141, 516, 213, 527 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 513, 215, 531 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 513, 215, 531 ], "type": "text", "content": "6、Gnu bison", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 531, 288, 544 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 288, 545 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 288, 545 ], "type": "text", "content": "Gcc是可移植的、交叉编译器，可以跨平台", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 546, 505, 576 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 506, 562 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 506, 562 ], "type": "text", "content": "也支持 windows（cygwin（unix emulator under windows） 、mingw（minimalist", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 561, 261, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 561, 261, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "gnu forwindows）。、mingu-w64）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 577, 402, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 403, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 403, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "Windows/intel 包括 x86 32 位指令集 i868 ‘x86——64 64 位指令集", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 593, 292, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 292, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 292, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "32 位编译器能运行在 32 位、64 位向后兼容", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 608, 290, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 608, 290, 623 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 608, 290, 623 ], "type": "text", "content": "但是64位编译器、程序只能运行在64位上", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 624, 170, 638 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 624, 171, 639 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 624, 171, 639 ], "type": "text", "content": "Cygwin 需要依赖", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 640, 167, 654 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 640, 168, 655 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 640, 168, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "Mingw 更加简单", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 657, 108, 668 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 656, 109, 672 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 656, 109, 672 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 671, 219, 684 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 670, 221, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 670, 221, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc [options] [filenames]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 687, 188, 700 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 189, 702 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 189, 702 ], "type": "text", "content": "- options 为编译选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 703, 235, 715 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 235, 716 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 235, 716 ], "type": "text", "content": "filenames为需要编译的文件名", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 718, 237, 730 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 718, 238, 732 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 718, 238, 732 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc test.c # create “a.out” file", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 734, 264, 746 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 264, 747 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 264, 747 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc –o test test.c # create “test” file", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 750, 172, 762 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 750, 173, 763 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 750, 173, 763 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc test.c –o test", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 70 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 79, 110, 92 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 79, 111, 95 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 79, 111, 95 ], "type": "text", "content": "gdb", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 95, 186, 108 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 187, 109 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 187, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc –g –o test test.c", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 111, 132, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 109, 133, 126 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 109, 133, 126 ], "type": "text", "content": "gdb test", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 135, 138 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 124, 137, 141 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 124, 137, 141 ], "type": "text", "content": "Example:", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 141, 264, 154 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 141, 266, 157 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 141, 266, 157 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc hello.c //生成可执行文件 a.out", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 157, 305, 170 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 156, 306, 172 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 156, 306, 172 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc hello.c -o hello //生成可执行文件 hello", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 172, 332, 186 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 171, 333, 188 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 171, 333, 188 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc -c hello.c -o hello.o //生成目标文件 hello.o", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 188, 305, 201 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 187, 306, 203 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 187, 306, 203 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc hello1.c hello2.c -o hello //多文件编译", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 203, 326, 217 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 203, 327, 218 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 203, 327, 218 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i //预处理后生成 hello.i", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 219, 330, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 218, 332, 234 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 218, 332, 234 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc -S hello.c -o hello.s //生成汇编代码 hello.s", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 234, 330, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 233, 331, 250 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 233, 331, 250 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc -c -I /usr/dev/mysql/include test.c -o test.o", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 250, 354, 264 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 249, 356, 265 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 249, 356, 265 ], "type": "text", "content": "gcc -L /usr/dev/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient test.o -o test", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 296, 176, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 176, 311 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 176, 311 ], "type": "text", "content": "-o 生成可执行文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 312, 173, 325 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 174, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 174, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "-c 生成目标文件.o", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 197, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 198, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 198, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "-E 预处理后生成 hello.i", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 199, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 200, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 200, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "-S 生成汇编代码 hello.s", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 359, 132, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 358, 133, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 358, 133, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "-I 头文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 143, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 145, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 145, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "-L 库的路径", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 391, 117, 401 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 389, 119, 404 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 389, 119, 404 ], "type": "text", "content": "Make", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 406, 205, 418 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 405, 207, 421 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 405, 207, 421 ], "type": "text", "content": "一个程序包含多个源文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 421, 332, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 422, 332, 435 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 422, 332, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "全部重新编译需要花费时间，你只需要编译一些文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 87, 435, 468, 633 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 435, 468, 633 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 435, 468, 633 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 435, 468, 633 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "07f7e876812d3d2040cc068589e6f5b764af4928a1f778c518f0de6415391b0e.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 21, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 21 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 71 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 76, 430, 234 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 430, 234 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 430, 234 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 76, 430, 234 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "a3f02bc1bbab3e899095c75e781d8ad6c53769d1d6375a308dc8ab99d4af3d18.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 166, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 167, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 167, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "makefile 的结构", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 154, 264 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 248, 156, 268 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 248, 156, 268 ], "type": "text", "content": "objfile: files…", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 196, 251, 249, 264 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 196, 249, 250, 265 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 196, 249, 250, 265 ], "type": "text", "content": " 文件依赖", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 266, 174, 280 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 176, 282 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 176, 282 ], "type": "text", "content": "(tab)[commands]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 192, 266, 244, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 191, 264, 245, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 191, 264, 245, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": " 执行命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 174, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 175, 297 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 175, 297 ], "type": "text", "content": "(tab)[commands]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 160, 293, 261, 306 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 158, 294, 262, 307 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 158, 294, 262, 307 ], "type": "text", "content": "(tab)[commands]", "score": 0.893 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 114, 324, 242, 337 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 323, 242, 337 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 323, 242, 337 ], "type": "text", "content": "myprog : foo.o bar.0", "score": 0.976 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 127, 338, 283, 349 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 337, 284, 349 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 337, 284, 349 ], "type": "text", "content": " gcc foo.o bar.o -o myprog", "score": 0.967 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 116, 360, 271, 371 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 359, 272, 372 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 359, 272, 372 ], "type": "text", "content": "foo.o : foo.c foo.h bar.h", "score": 0.996 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 128, 374, 258, 385 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 371, 260, 386 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 371, 260, 386 ], "type": "text", "content": " gcc -c foo.c -o foo.o", "score": 0.976 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 115, 396, 234, 408 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 395, 235, 409 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 395, 235, 409 ], "type": "text", "content": "bar.o : bar.c bar.h", "score": 0.982 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 127, 410, 258, 421 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 409, 260, 421 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 409, 260, 421 ], "type": "text", "content": " gcc -c bar.c -o bar.o", "score": 0.98 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 296, 303, 414, 315 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 295, 301, 415, 317 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 295, 301, 415, 317 ], "type": "text", "content": "Myprog依赖于foo.o和bar.o", "score": 0.985 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 296, 315, 342, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 295, 313, 344, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 295, 313, 344, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "两个文件。", "score": 0.961 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 308, 346, 431, 359 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 307, 345, 432, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 307, 345, 432, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "生成myprog文件使用的命令。", "score": 0.984 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 115, 486, 176, 500 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 113, 486, 177, 502 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 113, 486, 177, 502 ], "type": "text", "content": "· makefile", "score": 0.978 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 510, 336, 522 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 509, 337, 523 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 509, 337, 523 ], "type": "text", "content": "calc: add.. sub.. mult.. div.o main.c", "score": 0.919 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 144, 523, 409, 535 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 142, 522, 410, 537 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 142, 522, 410, 537 ], "type": "text", "content": " gcc -o calc main.c add.o sub.o mult.o div.o", "score": 0.985 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 108, 536, 227, 546 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 535, 227, 547 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 535, 227, 547 ], "type": "text", "content": "add.o: defs.h add.c", "score": 0.988 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 145, 549, 220, 560 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 548, 221, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 548, 221, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": " gcc -c add.c", "score": 0.971 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 108, 560, 227, 571 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 560, 227, 571 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 560, 227, 571 ], "type": "text", "content": "sub.o: defs.h sub.c", "score": 0.991 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 145, 573, 220, 584 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 571, 221, 585 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 571, 221, 585 ], "type": "text", "content": " gcc -c sub.c", "score": 0.974 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 108, 585, 196, 595 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 583, 196, 597 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 583, 196, 597 ], "type": "text", "content": "mult.o: mult.c", "score": 0.975 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 145, 598, 226, 608 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 597, 227, 609 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 597, 227, 609 ], "type": "text", "content": " gcc -c mult.c", "score": 0.955 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 108, 609, 183, 619 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 608, 185, 620 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 608, 185, 620 ], "type": "text", "content": "div.o: div.c", "score": 0.994 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 145, 622, 220, 633 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 620, 221, 634 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 620, 221, 634 ], "type": "text", "content": " gcc -c div.c", "score": 0.986 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 671, 139, 683 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 669, 141, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 669, 141, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "增加 clean", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 119, 698 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 684, 121, 702 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 684, 121, 702 ], "type": "text", "content": "clean:", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 110, 703, 268, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 109, 702, 268, 717 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 109, 702, 268, 717 ], "type": "text", "content": "rm calc add.o sub.o mult.o div.o", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 183, 729 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 185, 731 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 185, 731 ], "type": "text", "content": "How to use ‘make’?", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 117, 745 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 732, 119, 747 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 732, 119, 747 ], "type": "text", "content": "make", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 274, 762 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 747, 276, 765 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 747, 276, 765 ], "type": "text", "content": "make –f myfile #\"myfile\" is makefile", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 72 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 79, 276, 92 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 77, 277, 95 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 148, 94 ], "type": "text", "content": "make clean", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 171, 77, 277, 95 ], "type": "text", "content": "#delete all object file", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 154, 106 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 155, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 155, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "Default rules", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 193, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 109, 194, 125 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 109, 194, 125 ], "type": "text", "content": "Simplify the makefile", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 202, 139 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 203, 141 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 203, 141 ], "type": "text", "content": "C program  object file", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 87, 153, 474, 255 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 153, 474, 255 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 153, 474, 255 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 153, 474, 255 ], "type": "text", "content": "calc: main.c add.o sub.o mult.o div.o gcc -o calc main.c add.o sub.o mult.o div.o \nadd.o sub.o: defends.h \nclean: rm add.o sub.o mult.o div.o main.o" } ] } ], "index": 4, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 4, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 87, 265, 127, 277 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 127, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 127, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "#ifndef", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 113, 293 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 129, 308 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 130, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 130, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "#dendif", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 151, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 311, 152, 329 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 311, 152, 329 ], "type": "text", "content": "objfile：files", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 329, 160, 340 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 161, 342 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 161, 342 ], "type": "text", "content": "Tab command", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 128, 358 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 342, 130, 362 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 342, 130, 362 ], "type": "text", "content": "Myprog", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 267, 371 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 359, 268, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 359, 268, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "Clean 并非真正的依赖目标而是伪目标", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 142, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 143, 390 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 143, 390 ], "type": "text", "content": "编写完成后", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 117, 401 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 389, 119, 405 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 389, 119, 405 ], "type": "text", "content": "Make", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 160, 419 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 161, 421 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 161, 421 ], "type": "text", "content": "Make -f myfile", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 232, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 233, 436 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 233, 436 ], "type": "text", "content": "Make clean 所有目标文件清除", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 142, 449 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 143, 451 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 143, 451 ], "type": "text", "content": "默认的规则", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 163, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 451, 164, 468 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 451, 164, 468 ], "type": "text", "content": ".c 文件->.o 文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 195, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 195, 481 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 195, 481 ], "type": "text", "content": "为了简化内容，宏变量", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 485, 149, 496 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 151, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 151, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以 macros", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 497, 451, 655 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 497, 451, 655 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 497, 451, 655 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 497, 451, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "TAB][commands] Myprog依赖于foo.o和bar.o两个文件。 \nmyprog:foo.o bar.o gcc foo.o bar.o -o myprog 生成myprog文件使用的命令。 \nfoo.o:foo.c foo.h bar.h gcc-c foo.c -o foo.o \nbar.o:bar.c bar.h gcc-c bar.c -o bar.o" } ] } ], "index": 20, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 20, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 73 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 91, 77, 377, 223 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 77, 377, 223 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 77, 377, 223 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 77, 377, 223 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "5c897ead6015a9ea32e36c645cec30039c0d68e53f25276691c381be70acbc89.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 143, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 143, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 143, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "Cc c 编译器", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 176, 264 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 249, 176, 265 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 249, 176, 265 ], "type": "text", "content": "Cflags 特殊的选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 396, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 397, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 266, 138, 279 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 0", "score": 0.9 }, { "bbox": [ 138, 265, 397, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "当前目标的名字 依赖项的第一个文件 依赖项的所有文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 295, 379, 420 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 295, 379, 420 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 295, 379, 420 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 295, 379, 420 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "da21cf6b9617a2ac6a35ad40827509244d8a0e0c05e7d500493476960e72be7b.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 4, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 4 }, { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 132, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 134, 453 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 134, 453 ], "type": "text", "content": "Example", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 127, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 128, 466 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 128, 466 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "{ \\mathsf { C } } { \\mathsf { C } } { \\mathsf { = } } { \\mathsf { g } } { \\mathsf { + } } { \\mathsf { + } }", "score": 0.78 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 168, 480 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 169, 481 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 169, 481 ], "type": "text", "content": "#LD=/usr/bin/ld", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 484, 248, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 482, 250, 500 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 482, 250, 500 ], "type": "text", "content": "INCLUDES=-I /usr/include/mysql", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 121, 500, 190, 511 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 120, 499, 192, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 120, 499, 192, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "-I /usr/include", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 227, 544 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 528, 229, 547 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 528, 110, 547 ], "type": "text", "content": "LIBS", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 110, 533, 118, 541 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "{ \\bf \\Pi } = { \\bf \\cdot }", "score": 0.58 }, { "bbox": [ 119, 528, 229, 547 ], "type": "text", "content": "-L/lib –L /usr/lib/mysql", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 152, 546, 262, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 152, 545, 264, 561 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 152, 545, 264, 561 ], "type": "text", "content": "-lmysqlclient -lpthread", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 268, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 270, 593 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 139, 593 ], "type": "text", "content": "CPPFLAGS", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 139, 579, 146, 588 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathbf { \\alpha } _ { \\mathbf { - } } \\mathbf { \\alpha } _ { \\mathbf { - } }", "score": 0.67 }, { "bbox": [ 147, 577, 270, 593 ], "type": "text", "content": "-DLINUX -D_DEBUGE -O0", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 172, 594, 233, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 172, 592, 236, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 172, 592, 236, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "-w -g –I ./src", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 228, 653 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 637, 230, 655 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 637, 230, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "libsrcs=$(wildcard src/*.cpp)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 210, 684 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 669, 212, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 669, 121, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "libobjs", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 121, 672, 133, 682 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "= \\$ 5", "score": 0.5 }, { "bbox": [ 133, 669, 212, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "(libsrcs:.cpp=.o)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 703, 238, 715 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 700, 239, 718 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 700, 239, 718 ], "type": "text", "content": "des_libsrcs=$(wildcard src/*.c)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 241, 746 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 731, 244, 750 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 731, 143, 750 ], "type": "text", "content": "des_libobjs", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 143, 735, 155, 745 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "{ \\ : = } \\$ 9", "score": 0.64 }, { "bbox": [ 155, 731, 244, 750 ], "type": "text", "content": "(des_libsrcs:.c=.o)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 163, 761 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 165, 764 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 165, 764 ], "type": "text", "content": "静态方式定义宏", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 74 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 79, 280, 139 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 280, 139 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 280, 139 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 280, 139 ], "type": "text", "content": "server.exe: $(libobjs)gnu-md5.o\nserver.o $(des_libobjs)\n$(CC)-DDEBUGE -g -o $@ $^ -lptrhead\n$(INCLUDE) $(LIBS)" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 0, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "makefile" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 157, 261, 185 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 261, 185 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 261, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 261, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "%.o:%.cpp\n" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 261, 185 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "(CC)" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 261, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": " (CPPFLAGS) -g -c -o " }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 261, 185 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "@" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 261, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": " <" } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 1, "sub_type": "algorithm" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 188, 188, 217 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 188, 217 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 188, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 188, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "%.o:%.c\ngcc -g -c -o $@ $<" } ] } ], "index": 2, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 2, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 235, 212, 246 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 212, 246 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 212, 246 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 212, 246 ], "type": "text", "content": "server.o: server.c server.h" } ] } ], "index": 3, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 3, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "typescript" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 110, 250, 425, 264 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 110, 250, 425, 264 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 110, 250, 425, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 110, 250, 425, 264 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "(CC) -c -w -g -DLINUX -o" }, { "bbox": [ 110, 250, 425, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "@ " }, { "bbox": [ 110, 250, 425, 264 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "<" }, { "bbox": [ 110, 250, 425, 264 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "(INCLUDES)" } ] } ], "index": 4, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 4, "sub_type": "algorithm" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 281, 260, 295 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 260, 295 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 260, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 260, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": "gnu-md5.o:gnu-md5.cgnu-md5.h" } ] } ], "index": 5, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 5, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "css" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 110, 297, 205, 310 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 110, 297, 205, 310 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 110, 297, 205, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 110, 297, 205, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "$(CC) -c -g -o $@ $<" } ] } ], "index": 6, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 6, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "makefile" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 313, 114, 324 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 313, 114, 324 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 313, 114, 324 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 313, 114, 324 ], "type": "text", "content": "lean:" } ] } ], "index": 7, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 7, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 92, 328, 414, 342 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 328, 414, 342 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 328, 414, 342 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 328, 414, 342 ], "type": "text", "content": "rm -f server.exe server.o gnu-md5.o $(libobjs) $(des_libobjs)" } ] } ], "index": 8, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 8, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 196, 371 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 360, 198, 372 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 360, 198, 372 ], "type": "text", "content": "### 远程拷备到服务器", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 375, 121, 386 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 121, 386 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 121, 386 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 121, 386 ], "type": "text", "content": "install:" } ] } ], "index": 10, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 10, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 110, 391, 396, 404 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 110, 391, 396, 404 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 110, 391, 396, 404 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 110, 391, 396, 404 ], "type": "text", "content": "scp server.exe schkui@www.hostname.com:/var/bin_path/" } ] } ], "index": 11, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 11, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 148, 465 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 149, 467 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 149, 467 ], "type": "text", "content": "Gdb 调试器", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 219, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 467, 220, 485 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 467, 220, 485 ], "type": "text", "content": "The gnu project debugger", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 142, 484, 256, 528 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 484, 256, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 484, 257, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 143, 484, 257, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "1、监视程序中变量的值", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 142, 501, 245, 512 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 500, 246, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 141, 500, 246, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "2、在程序中设置断点", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 142, 515, 245, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 142, 516, 246, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 142, 516, 246, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "3、程序性的单步执行", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 267, 544 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 529, 267, 546 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 529, 267, 546 ], "type": "text", "content": "Gcc 编译的时候需要添加选项-g -ggdb", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 247, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 547, 248, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 547, 248, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "调试符号插入到生成的二进制代码", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 205, 574 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 562, 205, 575 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 562, 205, 575 ], "type": "text", "content": "默认不加入调试符号信息", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 195, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 577, 195, 591 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 577, 195, 591 ], "type": "text", "content": "可执行文件大小会增加", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 208, 607 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 209, 610 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 209, 610 ], "type": "text", "content": "调试信息分级-g1/-g2/-g3", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 455, 652 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 342, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 609, 342, 622 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 609, 342, 622 ], "type": "text", "content": "-g2 默认扩展到符号表、行号、局部或外部变量的信息", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 329, 637 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 330, 639 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 330, 639 ], "type": "text", "content": "-g3 包含级别 2 中的所有调试信息以及源代码中的宏", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 455, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 456, 654 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 456, 654 ], "type": "text", "content": "-g1 不包含局部变量和与行号有关的调试信息，因此只能用回溯跟踪和堆栈转储", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 346, 667 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 347, 670 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 347, 670 ], "type": "text", "content": "回溯追踪：指的是监视程序在运行过程中函数调用历史。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 346, 683 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 346, 684 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 346, 684 ], "type": "text", "content": "堆栈转储：以原始的十六进制格式保存程序的执行环境。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 687, 504, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 505, 700 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 505, 700 ], "type": "text", "content": "任何调试选项都会急剧增大生成的二进制文件的大小，同时增加执行的开销，因此，通常", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 703, 179, 715 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 703, 179, 715 ], "type": "text", "content": "仅用于开发和调试。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 376, 730 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 717, 377, 733 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 717, 377, 733 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用 gdb filename 启动 gdb，其中 filename 应为可执行文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 734, 142, 745 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 142, 745 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 142, 745 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 142, 745 ], "type": "text", "content": "Gdba .out" } ] } ], "index": 31, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 31, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 749, 154, 761 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 154, 761 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 154, 761 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 154, 761 ], "type": "text", "content": "Gdb 常用命令" } ] } ], "index": 32, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 32, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 75 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 214, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 215, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 215, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "R命令 使用命令r运行程序", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 95, 504, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 505, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 505, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "如果在同一调试过程中需要多次运行程序(run)，后续再执行时便可直接使用 r 指令，系统", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 109, 199, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 109, 199, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "会默认使用之前的参数。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 141, 504, 170 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 506, 156 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 506, 156 ], "type": "text", "content": "进行调试过程中重新编译程序后，不必退出 gdb，使用 r 指令重新运行程序，gdb 会自动", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 158, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 158, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "更新程序状态。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 188, 153, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 186, 154, 202 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 186, 154, 202 ], "type": "text", "content": "List（I）命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 203, 331, 215 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 204, 332, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 204, 332, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "用来列出源文件中的部分源代码。（需要编译时加入", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 219, 221, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 222, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 222, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "-g选项生成对应的编译符号）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 235, 301, 247 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 302, 249 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 302, 249 ], "type": "text", "content": "l source_file_name.c:col （l 源文件名：行号）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 250, 285, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 251, 285, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 251, 285, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "l function_name，以函数为整体进行输出", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 281, 120, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 122, 297 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 122, 297 ], "type": "text", "content": "断点 b", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 297, 173, 309 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 173, 311 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 173, 311 ], "type": "text", "content": "和继续执行c命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 312, 299, 324 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 300, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 300, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "Disable /enable 来停用/启用编号为 n 的断点", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 328, 362, 340 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 364, 342 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 364, 342 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令b可以在需要地方放置断点，程序在断点位置停止运行", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 343, 172, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 173, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 173, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式：b 断点位置", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 359, 486, 371 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 358, 487, 373 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 358, 487, 373 ], "type": "text", "content": "其中，断点位置可以是行号，也可以是函数名(指定方式与l 指令类似)，也可以是地址。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 375, 504, 403 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 505, 388 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 505, 388 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用 c 命令从断点继续执行后续指令。使用命令 disable/enable 断点号 可以启用/停用某", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 377, 404 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 377, 404 ], "type": "text", "content": "断点。使用指令 d 可删除所有的断点，d 1 删除 breakpoint 1.", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 98, 407, 500, 463 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 407, 500, 463 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 407, 500, 463 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 407, 500, 463 ], "type": "text", "content": "b 10 //在源代码10行处放置断点 \nb main //在main函数开始处放置断点 \nb *0x80480000 //在存放在0x80480000处的指令处放置断点，直接使用地址时需要使用 *地址 的格式 \nb 10 if a<10 //可以在断点中加入中断执行的条件，表示当a < 10时才会中断程序执行" } ] } ], "index": 15, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 15, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 484, 151, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 482, 151, 499 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 482, 123, 499 ], "type": "text", "content": "Watch", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 145, 491, 151, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 98, 515, 394, 560 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 515, 394, 560 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 515, 394, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 515, 394, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "watch a //当变量a的值发生变化时，中断程序执行 \nwatch -1 a // watch指令指定了-1参数时，会将指令所接的表达式的计算结果作为地址，//观察该地址处的值的变化情况 \nrwatch a //当a的值被读取时，中断表达式的执行" } ] } ], "index": 17, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 17, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 624, 504, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 623, 505, 638 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 623, 505, 638 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以为某一表达式设置观察点，当程序执行过程中表达式的值发生改变时，gdb 会中断程", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 248, 653 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 248, 653 ], "type": "text", "content": "序执行，并显示表达式的变化情况", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 655, 188, 668 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 188, 671 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 188, 671 ], "type": "text", "content": "Disp 显示 打印命令 p", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 671, 141, 683 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 669, 142, 686 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 669, 142, 686 ], "type": "text", "content": "P 打印命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 687, 361, 699 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 363, 701 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 363, 701 ], "type": "text", "content": "disp(display)命令可以在每次程序暂停时显示指定变量的值", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 702, 176, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 177, 717 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 177, 717 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式：disp 变量名", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 717, 503, 745 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 718, 504, 730 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 718, 504, 730 ], "type": "text", "content": "若输入的变量为数组名，则每次显示数组的所有元素，若为结构体，则输出结构体的所有", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 138, 748 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 138, 748 ], "type": "text", "content": "成员的值。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 749, 439, 761 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 748, 442, 765 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 748, 442, 765 ], "type": "text", "content": "p(print)命令也将变量的值打印出来，用法与 diap 类似，但结果只显示一次。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 76 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 366, 92 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 367, 94 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 367, 94 ], "type": "text", "content": "除变量外，p 命令还可以输出给定寄存器、给定地址处的值。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 95, 504, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 504, 108 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 504, 108 ], "type": "text", "content": "通过一些参数对打印格式进行规定，如 /x 表示以16进制格式打印值，/t表示以二进制格", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 139, 124 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 139, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": "式打印值。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "code", "bbox": [ 88, 157, 508, 227 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 141, 187, 154 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 188, 156 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 188, 156 ], "type": "text", "content": "其它显示类 info 命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ], "index": 2, "angle": 0, "type": "code_caption" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 508, 227 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 508, 227 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 508, 227 ], "type": "text", "content": "info reg //输出所有寄存器的当前值 \ninfo frame //输出栈帧的使用情况 \ninfo b n //其中n为指定的断点号，显示指定断点的状态信息，//不加参数n时，会显示所有的断点的信息 \n内存检查 examine" } ] } ], "index": 3, "angle": 0, "type": "code_body" } ], "index": 3, "sub_type": "code", "guess_lang": "txt" }, { "bbox": [ 87, 234, 112, 247 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 232, 114, 250 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 232, 114, 250 ], "type": "text", "content": "命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 250, 158, 262 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 248, 159, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 248, 159, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "X fmt address", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 265, 259, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 265, 261, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 265, 261, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "x 命令用于检查内存中某一区域的值，", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 281, 189, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 190, 297 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 280, 190, 297 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式：x fmt address", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 296, 471, 311 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 472, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 296, 336, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "其中 address 为内存地址的表达式，fmt 由 /重复次数", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 336, 298, 343, 308 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\cdot ^ { + }", "score": 0.75 }, { "bbox": [ 343, 296, 394, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式化字符", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 395, 298, 401, 308 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "^ +", "score": 0.69 }, { "bbox": [ 402, 296, 472, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "尺寸字符 组成。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 312, 509, 374 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 506, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 506, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式化字符有 o(octal，八进制)，x(hex，十六进制)， d(decimal，十进制)，u(unsigned", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 509, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 509, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "decimal，无符号十进 制 )，t(binary，二进 制)，f(float，浮点)，a(address，地址)，", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 506, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 506, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "i(instruction ， 指 令 ) ， c(char ， 字 符 ) ， s(string ， 字 符 串 ). 尺 寸 字 符 有", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 337, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 337, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "b(byte)，h(halfword)， w(word)， g(giant, 8 bytes)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 390, 179, 402 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 390, 180, 405 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 390, 180, 405 ], "type": "text", "content": "执行（s 与 n）命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 406, 163, 418 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 404, 165, 421 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 404, 165, 421 ], "type": "text", "content": "回溯（bt）命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 422, 167, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 420, 168, 436 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 420, 168, 436 ], "type": "text", "content": "设置（set）指令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 93, 437, 223, 458 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 434, 225, 460 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 434, 225, 460 ], "type": "text", "content": "·执行(s与n)命令", "score": 0.957 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 96, 460, 442, 508 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 460, 337, 475 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 460, 334, 476 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 460, 334, 476 ], "type": "text", "content": "s与n指令都是表示执行下一条指令指令的意思", "score": 0.995 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 96, 477, 442, 491 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 477, 442, 492 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 477, 442, 492 ], "type": "text", "content": "s指令会进入函数调用内部进行执行，即下一步为被调函数的第一指令。", "score": 0.996 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 96, 494, 433, 508 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 493, 434, 509 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 493, 434, 509 ], "type": "text", "content": "n指令不进入函数调用内部，会将整个函数的执行过程当作一步执行。", "score": 0.997 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 94, 535, 205, 556 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 534, 206, 558 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 534, 206, 558 ], "type": "text", "content": "·回潮(bt)命令", "score": 0.921 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 558, 456, 586 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 558, 456, 571 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 558, 456, 571 ], "type": "text", "content": "回溯指令(backtrace)可以查看程序内存访问越界等错误信息，显示程序出", "score": 0.974 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 95, 571, 268, 585 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 571, 268, 585 ], "type": "text", "content": "错的位置，从而帮助定位程序错误。", "score": 0.99 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 608, 211, 629 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 608, 214, 631 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 608, 214, 631 ], "type": "text", "content": "·设置(set)指令", "score": 0.986 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 96, 631, 452, 659 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 97, 631, 452, 646 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 97, 631, 452, 646 ], "type": "text", "content": "设置指令set可以将指定的变量的值修改为调试所需要的值。如对于一个", "score": 0.999 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 96, 644, 393, 659 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 644, 393, 659 ], "type": "text", "content": "int型的变量X，可以使用setX=12将变量的值进行设置。", "score": 0.96 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 687, 283, 699 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 283, 701 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 283, 701 ], "type": "text", "content": "可以使用宏定义对一些常用指令进行定义。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 702, 405, 715 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 701, 406, 717 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 701, 406, 717 ], "type": "text", "content": "格式 ：define 宏名，并根据提示输入宏定义，以 end 作为结尾标志。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 734, 124, 745 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 732, 126, 747 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 732, 126, 747 ], "type": "text", "content": "Cmake", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 749, 189, 762 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 189, 764 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 189, 764 ], "type": "text", "content": "System call 系统调用", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 77 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 304, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 79, 304, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 79, 304, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "C函数库为每个系统调用提供了一个同名函数。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 110, 388, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 110, 389, 124 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 110, 389, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": "调用函数的时候，如果有对应的系统调用，自动调用该系统调用。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 141, 377, 186 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 358, 155 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 358, 155 ], "type": "text", "content": "从程序员使用角度看，系统调用与 C 库函数使用方法相似。", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 158, 378, 171 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 158, 378, 171 ], "type": "text", "content": "从执行角度看，系统调用运行在核心态，库函数运行在用户态。", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 174, 163, 188 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 174, 163, 188 ], "type": "text", "content": "printf 与 printk", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 203, 262, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 202, 262, 218 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 202, 262, 218 ], "type": "text", "content": "系统调用引起状态切换，花销并不小。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 234, 227, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 227, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 235, 227, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "调用返回时引起系统重新调度", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 250, 189, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 190, 263 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 251, 190, 263 ], "type": "text", "content": "整个系统调用的过程：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 265, 193, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 264, 193, 281 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 264, 193, 281 ], "type": "text", "content": "执行用户程序(如:fork)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 281, 413, 325 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 415, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 333, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "根据 glibc 中的函数实现，取得系统调用号并执行 int", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 333, 282, 365, 295 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 0 x80", "score": 0.88 }, { "bbox": [ 365, 282, 415, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "产生中断。", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 415, 312 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 415, 312 ], "type": "text", "content": "进行地址空间的转换和堆栈的切换，执行 SAVE_ALL。（进入内核模式）", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 314, 284, 326 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 314, 284, 326 ], "type": "text", "content": "中断处理，根据系统调用表调用内核函数。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 157, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 158, 342 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 158, 342 ], "type": "text", "content": "执行内核函数。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 343, 259, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 260, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 260, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "执行 RESTORE_ALL 并返回用户模式。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 178, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 360, 179, 372 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 360, 179, 372 ], "type": "text", "content": "引发系统进程调度。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 153, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 154, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 154, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "四个重要的宏", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 136, 402 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 138, 407 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 138, 407 ], "type": "text", "content": "SAVE_ALL", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 406, 345, 420 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 406, 345, 420 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 406, 345, 420 ], "type": "text", "content": "保存用户模式的寄存器和堆栈信息,然后切换到内核模式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 157, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 423, 157, 438 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 423, 157, 438 ], "type": "text", "content": "RESTORE_ALL", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 172, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 437, 173, 453 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 437, 173, 453 ], "type": "text", "content": "与 SAVE_ALL 相反", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 196, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 197, 468 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 197, 468 ], "type": "text", "content": "SWITH_KERNELSPACE", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 184, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 470, 184, 481 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 470, 184, 481 ], "type": "text", "content": "实现地址空间的转换", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 184, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 485, 185, 500 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 485, 185, 500 ], "type": "text", "content": "SWITH_USERSPACE", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 208, 513 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 497, 210, 516 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 497, 210, 516 ], "type": "text", "content": "arch/i386/kernel/entry.S", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 143, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 516, 143, 528 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 516, 143, 528 ], "type": "text", "content": "系统调用表", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 208, 544 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 528, 210, 547 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 528, 210, 547 ], "type": "text", "content": "arch/i386/kernel/entry.S", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 547, 145, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 547, 146, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 547, 146, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "配置 TCP/IP", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 231, 575 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 232, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 232, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "配置TCP/IP涉及以下一些文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 578, 242, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 243, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 243, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "/etc/resolv.conf－－DNS 服务器", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 242, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 243, 607 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 243, 607 ], "type": "text", "content": "/etc/host.conf－－域名解析次序", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 609, 279, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 279, 622 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 279, 622 ], "type": "text", "content": "/etc/hosts－－本地域名到IP的映射文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 625, 286, 637 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 287, 639 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 287, 639 ], "type": "text", "content": "/etc/sysconfig/network－－网关、主机名", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 289, 667 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 289, 655 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 289, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg.ethx", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 93, 655, 209, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 655, 209, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "－－网卡参数的主要文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 671, 287, 730 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 287, 684 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 287, 684 ], "type": "text", "content": "/etc/network/interfaces－－Ubuntu 文件", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 685, 115, 703 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 685, 115, 703 ], "type": "text", "content": "ping", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 289, 716 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 289, 716 ], "type": "text", "content": "ping [ hostname | IP address ] [options]", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 719, 213, 730 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 719, 213, 730 ], "type": "text", "content": "ping 210.32.34.137 –c 10", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 750, 125, 761 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 750, 126, 762 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 750, 126, 762 ], "type": "text", "content": "netstat", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 78 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 442, 92 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 441, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 441, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "显示与网络有关的各种数据结构，如显示网络连接、路由表和网络接口信息。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 95, 180, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 182, 109 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 182, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": "netstat -[ r | i ] [n]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 224, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 224, 125 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 224, 125 ], "type": "text", "content": "netstat -i -n (显示网络接口)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 197, 138 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 198, 139 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 198, 139 ], "type": "text", "content": "netstat -r(显示路由表)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 127, 154 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 138, 129, 158 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 138, 129, 158 ], "type": "text", "content": "ifconfig", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 227, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 226, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 226, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "显示当前有效网络接口的状态", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 172, 210, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 210, 186 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 210, 186 ], "type": "text", "content": "修改网络接口配置（暂时）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 189, 160, 201 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 185, 163, 204 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 185, 163, 204 ], "type": "text", "content": "ifconfig [接口]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 287, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 289, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 289, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "ifconfig eth0 #显示 eth0 网络接口的参数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 267, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 218, 268, 234 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 218, 268, 234 ], "type": "text", "content": "ifconfig -a #显示所有网络接口参数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 267, 117, 278 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 119, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 119, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "route", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 224, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 224, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 282, 224, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": "对内核的IP路由表进行操作。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 303, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 295, 305, 314 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 295, 305, 314 ], "type": "text", "content": "route [add|del] [-net|-host] target [gw GW]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 113, 312, 281, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 312, 282, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 112, 312, 282, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "[netmask Nm] [metric N] [[dev] If]", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 298, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 328, 298, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 328, 298, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用 add 表示增加一条路由条目，del 则删除", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 144, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 145, 358 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 145, 358 ], "type": "text", "content": "/etc/inittab", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 230, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 359, 230, 373 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 359, 230, 373 ], "type": "text", "content": "启动配置文件,每行分为四个域", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 375, 258, 386 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 375, 260, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 375, 260, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "code:runlevels:action:command", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 504, 418 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 504, 403 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 504, 403 ], "type": "text", "content": "code－－用单个或两个字符序列作为本行的标识，在文件中是唯一的。而某些记录必须使", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 260, 419 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 407, 260, 419 ], "type": "text", "content": "用特定的code才能使系统工作正常。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 233, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 235, 436 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 235, 436 ], "type": "text", "content": "runlevels－－本行的运行级别。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 309, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 311, 452 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 311, 452 ], "type": "text", "content": "action－－指明 init 程序执行 command 的方式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 297, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 298, 467 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 298, 467 ], "type": "text", "content": "command－－给出相应记录行要执行的命令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 126, 513 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 498, 128, 515 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 85, 498, 128, 515 ], "type": "text", "content": "Fork（）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 367, 544 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 528, 369, 547 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 528, 369, 547 ], "type": "text", "content": "exec() #Load and overwrite current image with new one", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 346, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 348, 561 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 348, 561 ], "type": "text", "content": "with fork() together, it can execute a shell command.", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 132, 575 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 134, 577 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 134, 577 ], "type": "text", "content": "Example", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 259, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 590, 261, 609 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 590, 261, 609 ], "type": "text", "content": "execl ( “/bin/ls”, “ls”, “-l”, (char *)0 );", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 609, 220, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 221, 624 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 221, 624 ], "type": "text", "content": "Terminate current process", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 625, 120, 637 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 623, 123, 640 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 623, 123, 640 ], "type": "text", "content": "exit(0)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 120, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 639, 123, 656 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 639, 123, 656 ], "type": "text", "content": "exit(n)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 656, 123, 668 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 126, 671 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 126, 671 ], "type": "text", "content": "exit(-1)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 371, 684 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 669, 373, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 669, 373, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "int open(const char *pathname, int flags,[mode_t mode])", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 504, 715 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 505, 700 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 505, 700 ], "type": "text", "content": "pathname－－字符指针，指向所要打开文件的路径名。可以是相对路径也可以是绝对路", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 701, 107, 717 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 701, 107, 717 ], "type": "text", "content": "径。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 384, 730 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 717, 386, 732 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 717, 386, 732 ], "type": "text", "content": "flags－－是打开文件的方式，在头文件fcntl.h中定义几个常量：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 734, 186, 746 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 188, 748 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 733, 188, 748 ], "type": "text", "content": "O_RDONLY－－只读", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 750, 188, 761 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 35, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 748, 189, 765 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 748, 189, 765 ], "type": "text", "content": "O_WRONLY－－只写", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 79 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 222, 92 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 223, 94 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 78, 223, 94 ], "type": "text", "content": "O_TRUNC－－截断为 0 长度", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 95, 291, 108 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 292, 109 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 292, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": "O_CREAT－－如果文件不存在，创建新文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 169, 123 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 109, 170, 126 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 109, 170, 126 ], "type": "text", "content": "O_EXCL－－互斥", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 175, 138 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 176, 139 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 176, 139 ], "type": "text", "content": "O_RDWR－－读写", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 186, 154 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 187, 156 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 187, 156 ], "type": "text", "content": "O_APPEND－－追加", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 157, 505, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 506, 171 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 506, 171 ], "type": "text", "content": "mode－－可选参数，只有当 flags 参数为 O_CREAT 时该参数才有效，表示文件的默认权", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 242, 186 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 242, 186 ], "type": "text", "content": "限。一般情况下不使用这个参数。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 188, 356, 201 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 356, 201 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 356, 201 ], "type": "text", "content": "返回值就是文件描述符，一个整数；打开出错时，返回-1。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 105, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 107, 220 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 107, 220 ], "type": "text", "content": "例：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 218, 362, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 217, 362, 235 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 217, 100, 235 ], "type": "text", "content": "fd", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 100, 220, 110, 230 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "=", "score": 0.8 }, { "bbox": [ 110, 217, 362, 235 ], "type": "text", "content": "open(\"file\", O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 250, 324, 264 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 248, 325, 266 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 248, 325, 266 ], "type": "text", "content": "ssize_t read(int filedes, void *buffer, size_t n);", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 196, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 264, 196, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 264, 196, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "filedes－－文件描述符", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 281, 498, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 499, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 499, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "buffer－－指向数组或结构的指针，读入的数据将填充到这里，一般就是数组本身的名字", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 223, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 223, 310 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 223, 310 ], "type": "text", "content": "n－－期望读入数据的字节数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 312, 387, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 387, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 387, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "返回值是读入数据的字节数，非负的整数；读入出错时，返回-1。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 328, 405, 342 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 327, 407, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 327, 302, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "ssize_t write(int filedes, const void *buffer,", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 360, 327, 407, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "size_t n);", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 196, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 196, 358 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 196, 358 ], "type": "text", "content": "filedes－－文件描述符", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 246, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 359, 246, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 359, 246, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "buffer－－指向数据缓冲区的指针", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 223, 388 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 223, 388 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 223, 388 ], "type": "text", "content": "n－－要写入的数据的字节数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 406, 331, 419 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 403, 332, 422 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 403, 332, 422 ], "type": "text", "content": "off_t lseek(int filedes, off_t offset, int start_flag);", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 269, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 421, 270, 437 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 421, 270, 437 ], "type": "text", "content": "filedes－－一个已经打开的文件描述符", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 437, 307, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 308, 451 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 308, 451 ], "type": "text", "content": "offset－－表示新位置相对于起始位置的字节数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 252, 466 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 252, 468 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 252, 468 ], "type": "text", "content": "start_flag－－整型，决定起始位置", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 337, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 338, 483 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 338, 483 ], "type": "text", "content": "SEEK_SET offset 是从文件的起始位置算起，通常为 0", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 382, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 384, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 384, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "SEEK_CUR offset是相对文件读写的当前位置而言的，通常为1", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 311, 513 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 311, 514 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 311, 514 ], "type": "text", "content": "SEEK_END offset 是相对文件尾而言，通常为 2", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 550, 154, 567 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 547, 157, 570 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 547, 157, 570 ], "type": "text", "content": "基础架构", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 604, 189, 618 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 603, 190, 620 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 603, 190, 620 ], "type": "text", "content": "守护进程（Daemon）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 620, 268, 634 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 620, 269, 634 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 620, 269, 634 ], "type": "text", "content": "始终在后台运行并响应合法请求的程序", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 635, 129, 649 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 634, 130, 652 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 634, 130, 652 ], "type": "text", "content": "SysVinit", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 652, 127, 665 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 650, 130, 668 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 650, 130, 668 ], "type": "text", "content": "Upstart", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 667, 132, 680 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 666, 134, 683 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 666, 134, 683 ], "type": "text", "content": "Systemd", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 682, 204, 696 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 682, 204, 698 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 682, 204, 698 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用 systemctl 管理服务", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 698, 146, 711 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 697, 147, 713 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 697, 147, 713 ], "type": "text", "content": "-缩写—全称", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 714, 152, 726 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 714, 153, 726 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 714, 153, 726 ], "type": "text", "content": "已运行的服务", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 729, 215, 742 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 730, 215, 742 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 730, 215, 742 ], "type": "text", "content": "为什么要安排调度进程任务", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 745, 185, 757 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 35, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 745, 185, 759 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 745, 185, 759 ], "type": "text", "content": "调度任务的守护进程", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 80 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 164, 92 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 164, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 164, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "安排调度任务的", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 153, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 154, 109 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 154, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": "Crontab 文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 192, 138 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 125, 192, 140 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 125, 192, 140 ], "type": "text", "content": "系统日常 的 cron 任务", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 153, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 153, 154 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 142, 153, 154 ], "type": "text", "content": "系统日志服务", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 184, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 185, 170 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 157, 185, 170 ], "type": "text", "content": "日志系统和系统体制", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 143, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 143, 186 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 173, 143, 186 ], "type": "text", "content": "日志的用途", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 188, 247, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 188, 248, 201 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 188, 248, 201 ], "type": "text", "content": "系统审计、检查测追踪和分析统计", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 204, 143, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 143, 218 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 143, 218 ], "type": "text", "content": "日志的功能", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 289, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 290, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 290, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "用于记录系统、程序运行中发送的各种实践", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 195, 248 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 196, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 196, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "通过阅读日志，有助于", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 250, 132, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 133, 265 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 133, 265 ], "type": "text", "content": "日志系统", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 279, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 267, 279, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 267, 279, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "系统日志和内核消息捕捉的日志记录胸痛", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 281, 132, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 133, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 133, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "主要功能", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 226, 310 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 227, 311 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 227, 311 ], "type": "text", "content": "分类存放日志、方便日志管理", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 313, 226, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 313, 227, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 313, 227, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "可将日志消息记录到远程主机", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 329, 121, 342 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 301, 358 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 302, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 302, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "Rsyslog 采用模块化设计，是 syslog 的替代品", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 209, 373 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 210, 375 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 210, 375 ], "type": "text", "content": "实现了基本的 syslog 协议", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 132, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 133, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 133, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "输入模块", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 239, 405 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 389, 241, 407 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 389, 241, 407 ], "type": "text", "content": "Imklg、imsock、imfile、imtcp", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 142, 418 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 143, 420 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 143, 420 ], "type": "text", "content": "预处理模块", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 422, 121, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 123, 438 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 123, 438 ], "type": "text", "content": "主队列", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 132, 449 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 437, 133, 451 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 437, 133, 451 ], "type": "text", "content": "过滤模块", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 453, 132, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 452, 134, 468 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 452, 134, 468 ], "type": "text", "content": "执行队列", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 132, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 133, 483 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 468, 133, 483 ], "type": "text", "content": "输出模块", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 127, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 131, 512 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 498, 133, 514 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 498, 133, 514 ], "type": "text", "content": "全局指令", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 111, 527 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 514, 113, 530 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 514, 113, 530 ], "type": "text", "content": "模板", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 132, 543 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 133, 545 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 133, 545 ], "type": "text", "content": "输出通道", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 547, 111, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 113, 563 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 113, 563 ], "type": "text", "content": "规则", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 218, 576 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 561, 220, 577 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 561, 220, 577 ], "type": "text", "content": "Facility.priority action 动作", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 92, 577, 135, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 577, 136, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 577, 136, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "日志级别", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 132, 605 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 133, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 133, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": "磁盘存储", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 609, 153, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 154, 624 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 608, 154, 624 ], "type": "text", "content": "统计/statistic", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 624, 169, 637 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 624, 171, 638 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 624, 171, 638 ], "type": "text", "content": "wc [-clw] file_list", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 640, 159, 652 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 35, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 639, 161, 654 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 639, 161, 654 ], "type": "text", "content": "Ex: ls -l | wc –l", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 185, 667 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 36, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 186, 670 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 186, 670 ], "type": "text", "content": "磁盘存储/Disk store", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 155, 684 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 37, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 668, 157, 687 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 668, 157, 687 ], "type": "text", "content": "df disk usage", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 156, 699 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 38, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 685, 158, 702 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 685, 158, 702 ], "type": "text", "content": "du disk space", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 703, 240, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 39, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 241, 717 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 241, 717 ], "type": "text", "content": "文件系统装卸/mount/unmount", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 314, 730 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 40, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 717, 315, 733 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 717, 315, 733 ], "type": "text", "content": "Ex: mount –t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 734, 205, 745 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 41, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 733, 207, 746 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 733, 207, 746 ], "type": "text", "content": "umount /dev/cdrom", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 137, 761 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 42, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 748, 139, 764 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 748, 139, 764 ], "type": "text", "content": "别名/alias", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 81 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 79, 295, 92 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 78, 296, 94 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 78, 296, 94 ], "type": "text", "content": "give alias name to complicated command", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 204, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 204, 109 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 94, 204, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": "alias myls=‘ls –l | more’", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 111, 110, 121 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 111, 126 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 110, 111, 126 ], "type": "text", "content": "SSH", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 126, 163, 137 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 164, 140 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 125, 164, 140 ], "type": "text", "content": "TCP 协议的风险", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 142, 142, 308, 185 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 142, 142, 267, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 142, 141, 267, 156 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 142, 141, 267, 156 ], "type": "text", "content": "1、窃听——获取通信内容", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 142, 157, 267, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 142, 156, 268, 171 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 142, 156, 268, 171 ], "type": "text", "content": "2、篡改——修改通信内容", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 142, 172, 308, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 142, 172, 309, 186 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 142, 172, 309, 186 ], "type": "text", "content": "3、冒充——猫村他人身份参与同学", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 87, 188, 284, 201 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 285, 203 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 105, 203 ], "type": "text", "content": "SSL", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 105, 190, 113, 199 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\cdot ^ { - }", "score": 0.57 }, { "bbox": [ 113, 188, 285, 203 ], "type": "text", "content": "secure socket layer（安全套接字层）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 317, 263 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 224, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 224, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 203, 224, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "1、提供身份验证的客户端‘", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 317, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 318, 233 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 318, 233 ], "type": "text", "content": "2、在一个公共通信通道发送之前对数据进行加密", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 181, 247 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 182, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 182, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": "3、确保数据完整性", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 139, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 141, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 141, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "4、有效率", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 255, 279 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 256, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 256, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "5、在双方协商使用的主要加密算法", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 132, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 133, 296 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 281, 133, 296 ], "type": "text", "content": "对称加密", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 297, 142, 309 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 143, 311 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 143, 311 ], "type": "text", "content": "非对称加密", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 131, 325 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 133, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 133, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "数字签名", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 183, 341 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 185, 343 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 185, 343 ], "type": "text", "content": "数字签证（x509v.3）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 174, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 174, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 174, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "明确和正式的规范", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 132, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 133, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 133, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "协商参数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 163, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 164, 388 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 164, 388 ], "type": "text", "content": "在连接时的握手", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 184, 402 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 185, 404 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 391, 185, 404 ], "type": "text", "content": "重用先前谈判的参数", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 414, 142, 427 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 412, 143, 428 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 412, 143, 428 ], "type": "text", "content": "电子商务", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 430, 263, 456 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 430, 263, 442 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 429, 264, 443 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 429, 264, 443 ], "type": "text", "content": "订单：订购的产品表单使用SSL发送", "score": 0.997 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 444, 263, 456 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 444, 264, 458 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 444, 264, 458 ], "type": "text", "content": "付款：使用SSL发送信用卡号等数据", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 94, 460, 164, 472 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 458, 167, 474 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 458, 167, 474 ], "type": "text", "content": "访问安全信息", "score": 0.973 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 475, 263, 502 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 475, 263, 487 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 474, 264, 487 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 474, 264, 487 ], "type": "text", "content": "信息通信只能由“合格的”用户访问", "score": 0.981 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 490, 214, 502 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 489, 215, 502 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 489, 215, 502 ], "type": "text", "content": "发送密码或其他敏感数据", "score": 0.997 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 94, 545, 254, 555 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 544, 255, 555 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 544, 255, 555 ], "type": "text", "content": "·SSL-Secure Sockets Layer Version 2.0", "score": 0.921 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 106, 555, 213, 564 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 555, 214, 565 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 555, 214, 565 ], "type": "text", "content": "Initially developed by Netscape", "score": 0.949 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 564, 290, 586 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 35, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 564, 290, 579 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 563, 291, 575 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 563, 291, 575 ], "type": "text", "content": "SSL2.0is sensitive toman-in-the-middle attacks leading", "score": 0.903 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 116, 570, 260, 579 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 570, 260, 579 ], "type": "text", "content": "e.g.to the negotiation of weak encryption keys", "score": 0.933 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 579, 230, 586 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 577, 231, 587 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 577, 231, 587 ], "type": "text", "content": "uSSL2.0 should not be used anymore", "score": 0.883 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 97, 587, 252, 595 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 36, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 587, 253, 596 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 587, 253, 596 ], "type": "text", "content": "·SSL-Secure Sockets LaverVersion 3.0", "score": 0.937 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 106, 596, 305, 621 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 40, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 106, 596, 279, 604 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 37, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 595, 280, 605 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 595, 280, 605 ], "type": "text", "content": "internet Draft authored by Netscape.November1996", "score": 0.931 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 604, 197, 612 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 38, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 602, 198, 613 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 602, 198, 613 ], "type": "text", "content": "Supported byall browsers", "score": 0.933 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 613, 305, 621 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 39, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 612, 307, 622 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 612, 307, 622 ], "type": "text", "content": "Vulnerable to the BEAST Cipher-Block-Chaining (CBC)attack", "score": 0.935 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 97, 622, 299, 630 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 41, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 621, 300, 631 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 621, 300, 631 ], "type": "text", "content": "TLS-Transport Layer Security Version 1.0 (SSL3.1)", "score": 0.932 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 631, 325, 669 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 46, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 631, 213, 639 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 42, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 629, 214, 640 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 629, 214, 640 ], "type": "text", "content": "IETFRFC2246,January1999", "score": 0.917 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 639, 325, 654 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 43, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 639, 312, 648 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 639, 312, 648 ], "type": "text", "content": "TLS 1.0 Ist not backwards compatible to SSL 3.0 (differences in", "score": 0.943 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 116, 645, 325, 654 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 645, 325, 654 ], "type": "text", "content": "MAC computation,PRF function formaster secretand keymaterial)", "score": 0.907 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 654, 197, 661 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 44, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 652, 198, 662 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 652, 198, 662 ], "type": "text", "content": "Supported byall browsers", "score": 0.944 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 661, 305, 669 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 45, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 661, 306, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 661, 306, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "Vulnerable tothe BEASTCipber-Block-Chaining (CBC)attack", "score": 0.9 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 82 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 89, 81, 115, 105 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 81, 115, 105 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 81, 115, 105 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 81, 115, 105 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "b85f1d753ab271f4fb165278c746cb0e4a1a01c838573ce51f78379928aa0baf.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 116, 80, 214, 105 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 81, 169, 93 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 81, 169, 93 ], "type": "text", "content": "TLS增强的", "score": 0.997 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 116, 92, 215, 105 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 92, 215, 105 ], "type": "text", "content": "基于TCP的应用协议", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 95, 111, 261, 211 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 111, 261, 211 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 111, 261, 211 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 95, 111, 261, 211 ], "type": "table", "html": "
服务名端口号实现的安全服务
https443/tcphttp protocol over TLS
smtps465/tcpsmtp protocol over TLS
smtp25/tcpSTARTTLS keyword (RFC 2487)
imaps993/tcpimap4 protocol over TLS
imap4143/tcpSTARTTLS keyword (RFC 2596)
pop3s995/tcppop3 protocol over TLS
pop3110/tcpSTLS keyword (RFC 2595)
Idaps636/tcpIdap protocol over TLS
nntp563/tcpnntp protocol over TLS
FTPS-Data989/tcpFTP Data over SSL/TLS
FTPS990/tcpFTP Control over SSL/TLS
", "image_path": "6ff889725aca7fb999dd5eab0f95e9f74f2c8c9afbecd927465adce0228a5aaf.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 2, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 2 }, { "bbox": [ 123, 227, 210, 246 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 121, 226, 212, 247 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 121, 226, 212, 247 ], "type": "text", "content": "SSL协议组件", "score": 0.988 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 264, 271, 278 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 263, 272, 279 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 263, 272, 279 ], "type": "text", "content": "握手协议（Handshakeprotocol）", "score": 0.968 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 280, 314, 306 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 280, 314, 292 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 278, 315, 293 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 278, 315, 293 ], "type": "text", "content": "□允许当事人协商需要交易的安全性的不同算法", "score": 0.977 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 294, 255, 306 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 293, 257, 307 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 293, 257, 307 ], "type": "text", "content": "允许当事人之问的任何身份验证", "score": 0.967 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 94, 309, 334, 409 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 309, 237, 322 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 308, 238, 322 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 308, 238, 322 ], "type": "text", "content": "警报协议（Alertprotocol）", "score": 0.989 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 324, 226, 337 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 324, 226, 337 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 324, 226, 337 ], "type": "text", "content": "通知异常情况或报告问题", "score": 0.996 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 340, 332, 354 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 338, 333, 355 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 338, 333, 355 ], "type": "text", "content": "更改密码说明协议（ChangeCipher Spec protocol）", "score": 0.963 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 355, 334, 379 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 355, 334, 368 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 114, 355, 334, 368 ], "type": "text", "content": "强制一个新的握手的执行重新协商安全参数，并重", "score": 0.997 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 116, 367, 148, 378 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 367, 148, 378 ], "type": "text", "content": "复认证", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 381, 250, 396 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 380, 251, 396 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 380, 251, 396 ], "type": "text", "content": "记录协议（Recordprotocol）", "score": 0.995 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 397, 228, 409 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 102, 396, 229, 410 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 102, 396, 229, 410 ], "type": "text", "content": "涉及的压缩，加密和MAC", "score": 0.987 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 136, 434 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 421, 139, 438 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 421, 139, 438 ], "type": "text", "content": "Open SSL", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 123, 436, 216, 449 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 122, 437, 217, 450 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 122, 437, 217, 450 ], "type": "text", "content": "OpenSSL特性", "score": 0.99 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 474, 314, 586 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 474, 312, 488 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 473, 313, 489 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 473, 313, 489 ], "type": "text", "content": "开源，基于一个Apache风格的许可证发布", "score": 0.996 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 491, 314, 504 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 491, 315, 505 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 491, 315, 505 ], "type": "text", "content": "提供了SSLv2/v3和TLSv1.0的全功能实现", "score": 0.979 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 507, 294, 520 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 506, 295, 521 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 506, 295, 521 ], "type": "text", "content": "·用C语言开发，具有优秀的跨平台性能", "score": 0.979 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 523, 280, 537 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 523, 281, 538 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 523, 281, 538 ], "type": "text", "content": "基于PKI标准，支持X509证书标准", "score": 0.99 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 540, 251, 554 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 539, 252, 555 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 539, 252, 555 ], "type": "text", "content": "提供众多的加密和摘要算法库", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 556, 273, 571 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 555, 274, 571 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 555, 274, 571 ], "type": "text", "content": "提供了命令行界面（openssl命令）", "score": 0.979 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 90, 573, 227, 586 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 571, 229, 587 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 571, 229, 587 ], "type": "text", "content": "·提供了应用程序编程接口", "score": 0.942 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 83 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 100, 116, 114 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 98, 118, 116 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 98, 118, 116 ], "type": "text", "content": "功能", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 91, 116, 239, 242 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 116, 230, 128 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 116, 231, 128 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 116, 231, 128 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建RSA，DSA&DH密钥对", "score": 0.947 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 91, 131, 182, 142 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 130, 183, 143 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 130, 183, 143 ], "type": "text", "content": "公共密钥加密操作", "score": 0.974 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 91, 145, 239, 157 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 144, 240, 158 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 144, 240, 158 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建X509证书，CSRs&CRLs", "score": 0.952 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 91, 159, 162, 171 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 158, 164, 173 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 158, 164, 173 ], "type": "text", "content": "生成消息摘要", "score": 0.974 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 91, 174, 208, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 173, 208, 186 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 173, 208, 186 ], "type": "text", "content": "使用加密算法加密&解密", "score": 0.993 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 91, 188, 237, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 187, 238, 200 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 187, 238, 200 ], "type": "text", "content": "SSL/TLS服务器端/客户端测试", "score": 0.975 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 91, 202, 232, 214 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 201, 233, 215 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 201, 233, 215 ], "type": "text", "content": "处理S/MIME签名或加密邮件", "score": 0.987 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 91, 216, 231, 228 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 216, 232, 229 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 90, 216, 232, 229 ], "type": "text", "content": "时间戳记的请求，生成和验证", "score": 0.957 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 91, 231, 166, 242 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 230, 167, 243 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 230, 167, 243 ], "type": "text", "content": "创建和管理CA", "score": 0.997 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 199, 264 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 249, 200, 265 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 249, 200, 265 ], "type": "text", "content": "OpenSSL 的命令和算法", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 275, 309, 374 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 275, 275, 289 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 292, 262, 306 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 309, 309, 322 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 342, 269, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 359, 290, 374 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 101, 429, 327, 551 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 101, 429, 324, 457 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 101, 460, 326, 487 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 101, 491, 326, 505 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 101, 507, 326, 534 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 101, 537, 327, 551 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 91, 604, 307, 618 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 96, 621, 251, 647 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 621, 249, 633 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 96, 635, 251, 647 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 91, 650, 305, 664 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 96, 666, 308, 716 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 666, 294, 679 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 680, 207, 690 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 96, 692, 308, 705 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 105, 706, 207, 716 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [] } ], "sub_type": "text" } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 84 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 82, 472, 243 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 82, 472, 243 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 82, 472, 243 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 82, 472, 243 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "b252cd49cbe02651e20881ae10e69a1f8282d12e197925de730523b6a0d34125.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 157, 279 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 158, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 158, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "对称加密/解密", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 91, 284, 400, 462 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 284, 400, 462 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 284, 400, 462 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 284, 400, 462 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "47a450f0e41dfb8c5381c4087f83280e7ec405a6d54c3377c85bcbb7378bae61.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 2, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 2 }, { "bbox": [ 88, 483, 174, 497 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 483, 174, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 483, 174, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "非对称加密和解密", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 502, 420, 679 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 502, 420, 679 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 502, 420, 679 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 502, 420, 679 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "8a30e7bca29df99f6cd121cef09ce9097cef1a05519373ed842df0925bbc761a.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 4, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 4 } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 85 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 84, 136, 137 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 84, 136, 137 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 84, 136, 137 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 84, 136, 137 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "14e6550cbf3a413ff555225f6b3762c487d4d4029e1f0be7eda24bd68068e7bc.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 136, 89, 320, 112 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 134, 88, 321, 114 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 134, 88, 321, 114 ], "type": "text", "content": "加密/解密（非对称）", "score": 0.989 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 93, 147, 185, 164 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 146, 187, 166 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 146, 187, 166 ], "type": "text", "content": "生成密钥对", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 106, 168, 408, 204 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 106, 168, 346, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 167, 348, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 169, 130, 184 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 9", "score": 0.54 }, { "bbox": [ 130, 167, 348, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": "openssl genrsa-outpriv.keyfile2048", "score": 0.993 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 186, 408, 204 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 185, 410, 205 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 187, 130, 202 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 9", "score": 0.76 }, { "bbox": [ 130, 185, 330, 205 ], "type": "text", "content": "opensslrsa-inpriv.keyfile-pubout", "score": 0.987 }, { "bbox": [ 331, 189, 342, 200 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": ">", "score": 0.74 }, { "bbox": [ 343, 185, 410, 205 ], "type": "text", "content": "pub.keyfile", "score": 0.995 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 94, 206, 185, 223 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 205, 187, 224 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 205, 187, 224 ], "type": "text", "content": "·用公钥加密", "score": 0.917 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 227, 371, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 225, 373, 245 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 227, 130, 243 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 5", "score": 0.65 }, { "bbox": [ 131, 225, 373, 245 ], "type": "text", "content": "openssl rsautl-in inputfile-out outputfile\\", "score": 0.947 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 126, 243, 326, 264 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 126, 243, 326, 264 ], "type": "text", "content": "-pubin-inkeypub.keyfile-encrypt", "score": 0.986 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 264, 185, 282 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 263, 188, 284 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 263, 188, 284 ], "type": "text", "content": "·用私钥解密", "score": 0.916 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 285, 371, 322 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 284, 372, 305 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 119, 286, 130, 302 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\$ 1", "score": 0.8 }, { "bbox": [ 131, 284, 372, 305 ], "type": "text", "content": "opensslrsautl-ininputfile-outoutputfile\\", "score": 0.971 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 127, 301, 286, 324 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 127, 301, 286, 324 ], "type": "text", "content": "-inkeypriv.keyfiledecrypt", "score": 0.9 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 375, 429, 574 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 132, 373 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 133, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 133, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "数字签名", "score": 1.0 } ] } ], "index": 10, "angle": 0, "type": "image_caption" }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 429, 574 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 429, 574 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 429, 574 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "270b1ef0f055502b0d5807333740d44d7d8d2b806606fbf34c7dbd77967cfce6.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 11, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 11 }, { "bbox": [ 93, 618, 162, 634 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 106, 636, 323, 663 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 106, 636, 280, 648 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 650, 323, 663 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 94, 665, 162, 679 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 106, 681, 296, 708 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 709, 162, 723 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 106, 725, 296, 752 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 86 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 128, 111, 235, 128 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 98, 152, 185, 166 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 168, 217, 194 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 168, 217, 180 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 182, 177, 194 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 98, 197, 190, 210 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 212, 220, 238 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 212, 220, 226 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 227, 179, 238 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 98, 242, 202, 254 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 257, 230, 283 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 107, 257, 230, 269 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 107, 270, 189, 283 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 100, 341, 130, 354 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 111, 356, 329, 460 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 111, 356, 295, 369 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 111, 370, 329, 394 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 111, 396, 329, 420 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 111, 423, 289, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 111, 436, 326, 460 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 100, 527, 205, 541 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 121, 544, 340, 645 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 122, 544, 339, 567 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 122, 569, 340, 605 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 122, 608, 340, 631 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [] }, { "bbox": [ 121, 634, 307, 645 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [] } ], "sub_type": "text" } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 87 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 79, 127, 123 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 127, 123 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 127, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 127, 123 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "769775e6a15add89fbc96bc597ffee8c74af7bae2a9211155faa7d7495501270.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 129, 87, 238, 105 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 127, 86, 239, 105 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 127, 86, 239, 105 ], "type": "text", "content": "数字证书的组成", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 121, 244, 168 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 121, 170, 135 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 120, 171, 136 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 120, 171, 136 ], "type": "text", "content": "服务器公钥", "score": 0.984 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 138, 192, 151 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 137, 193, 152 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 137, 193, 152 ], "type": "text", "content": "·支持的加密算法", "score": 0.93 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 100, 155, 244, 168 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 153, 245, 169 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 153, 245, 169 ], "type": "text", "content": "DN(Distinguish Name）：", "score": 0.951 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 108, 170, 334, 182 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 169, 336, 183 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 105, 169, 336, 183 ], "type": "text", "content": "uCN（CommonName）：通常是服务器的FQDN", "score": 0.957 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 109, 185, 329, 208 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 184, 329, 199 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 108, 184, 329, 199 ], "type": "text", "content": "其他的可选属性：Country（C）、State（S）、", "score": 0.975 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 121, 197, 181, 208 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 121, 197, 181, 208 ], "type": "text", "content": "Location(L)", "score": 0.906 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 211, 299, 274 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 99, 211, 299, 224 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 210, 301, 225 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 210, 301, 225 ], "type": "text", "content": "■证书的有效期（起始日期，截止日期）", "score": 0.971 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 227, 266, 240 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 227, 267, 241 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 227, 267, 241 ], "type": "text", "content": "证书的序列号（serialnumber）", "score": 0.989 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 244, 244, 257 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 243, 245, 258 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 243, 245, 258 ], "type": "text", "content": "被信任的CA的名字和签名", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 99, 260, 235, 274 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 259, 236, 275 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 98, 259, 236, 275 ], "type": "text", "content": "X.509的其他扩展属性等", "score": 0.985 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 86, 301, 116, 315 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 300, 117, 322 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 300, 117, 322 ], "type": "text", "content": "Vim", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 352, 501, 381 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 353, 500, 365 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 353, 500, 365 ], "type": "text", "content": "vi 是 “Visual interface” 的简称，它可以执行输出、删除、查找、替换、块操作等众多文", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 368, 473, 380 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 368, 473, 380 ], "type": "text", "content": "本操作，而且用户可以根据自己的需要对其进行定制，这是其他编辑程序所没有的。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 383, 502, 412 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 384, 503, 396 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 384, 227, 396 ], "type": "text", "content": "vi 不是一个排版程序，它不像", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 227, 384, 245, 396 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathsf { M } \\$ 1", "score": 0.78 }, { "bbox": [ 245, 384, 503, 396 ], "type": "text", "content": "Word 或 WPS 那样可以对字体、格式、段落等其他属性", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 400, 263, 412 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 400, 263, 412 ], "type": "text", "content": "进行编排，它只是一个文本编辑程序。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 415, 315, 428 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 415, 316, 429 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 415, 316, 429 ], "type": "text", "content": "vi 是全屏幕文本编辑器，它没有菜单，只有命令。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 431, 271, 444 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 429, 272, 445 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 429, 272, 445 ], "type": "text", "content": "vim 即 Vi IMproved，vi 克隆版本之一。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "table", "bbox": [ 88, 459, 594, 663 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 459, 594, 663 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 459, 594, 663 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 459, 594, 663 ], "type": "table", "html": "
命令说明
vi直接进入
vi filename打开或新建文件filename，并将光标置于第一行首
vi+n filename打开文件filename，并将光标置于第n行首
vi+filename打开文件filename，并将光标置于最后一行首
vi+/pattern filename打开文件filename，并将光标置于第一个与pattern匹配的行
vi-r filename打开上次用vi编辑时发生系统崩溃，恢复filename
", "image_path": "9333dcf6870e998a6570a50ff5783c89c51ebbb20f3daed0f31abaa7e78e4b5f.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 18, "angle": 0, "type": "table_body" } ], "index": 18 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 666, 175, 680 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 667, 175, 680 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 667, 175, 680 ], "type": "text", "content": "Vi的3种运行模式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 88 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 89, 79, 117, 92 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 117, 92 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 117, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 117, 92 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "0d0f73426ce14a69adac39f65f4553e97e8ff61ab1b76e0c3bb9bb73acc5e42a.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 0 }, { "bbox": [ 92, 101, 202, 216 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 101, 193, 139 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 100, 139, 121 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 100, 139, 121 ], "type": "text", "content": "■普通", "score": 0.904 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 103, 121, 194, 141 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 121, 194, 141 ], "type": "text", "content": "(normal)模式", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 92, 142, 202, 179 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 138, 140, 161 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 138, 140, 161 ], "type": "text", "content": "■插入", "score": 0.947 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 103, 160, 186, 180 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 103, 160, 186, 180 ], "type": "text", "content": "(insert)模式", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 92, 182, 202, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 179, 155, 200 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 179, 155, 200 ], "type": "text", "content": "■命令行", "score": 0.878 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 104, 198, 204, 216 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 104, 198, 204, 216 ], "type": "text", "content": "(Cmdline)模式", "score": 0.996 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 205, 89, 431, 225 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 205, 89, 431, 225 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 205, 89, 431, 225 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 205, 89, 431, 225 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "41e15b2ba440e2148fd57dedf6c6c920988001002ff64c0aec7ddb110d1f808f.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 5, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 5 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 234, 151, 247 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 152, 249 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 234, 152, 249 ], "type": "text", "content": "Normal 模式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 250, 323, 263 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 323, 265 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 250, 323, 265 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 shell 中输入 vim 启动编辑器时，即进入该模式。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 265, 501, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 502, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 265, 502, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": "无论什么时候，不管用户处于何种模式，只要按一下 Esc 键，即可使 vim 进入 Normal 模", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 280, 107, 297 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 280, 107, 297 ], "type": "text", "content": "式。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 296, 501, 326 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 500, 309 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 297, 500, 309 ], "type": "text", "content": "在该模式下，用户可以输入各种合法的 vim 命令，用于管理自己的文档。此时从键盘上输", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 314, 273, 325 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 314, 273, 325 ], "type": "text", "content": "入的任何字符都被当做编辑命令来解释。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 327, 502, 372 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 328, 503, 341 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 328, 503, 341 ], "type": "text", "content": "若输入的字符是合法的 vim 命令，则vim 在接受用户命令之后完成相应的动作。但需注意", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 500, 356 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 500, 356 ], "type": "text", "content": "的是，所输入的命令并不在屏幕上显示出来。若输入的字符不是 vim 的合法命令，vim 会", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 138, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 138, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "响铃报警。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 390, 205, 402 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 205, 404 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 205, 404 ], "type": "text", "content": "G 用于直接跳转到文件尾", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 406, 193, 418 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 193, 419 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 96, 418 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathsf { x }", "score": 0.54 }, { "bbox": [ 96, 406, 193, 419 ], "type": "text", "content": "删除光标所在的字符", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 422, 191, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 191, 435 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 191, 435 ], "type": "text", "content": "r 替换光标所在的字符", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 437, 224, 449 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 225, 451 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 225, 451 ], "type": "text", "content": "~ 切换光标所在字母的大小写", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 453, 188, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 188, 465 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 188, 465 ], "type": "text", "content": "/和？用于查找字符串", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 468, 312, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 313, 483 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 469, 313, 483 ], "type": "text", "content": "dd、YY、p 分别用于剪切、复制和粘贴一行文本", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 484, 233, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 234, 498 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 234, 498 ], "type": "text", "content": "u 取消上一次编辑操作（undo）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 227, 513 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 500, 228, 514 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 500, 228, 514 ], "type": "text", "content": ". 重复上一次编辑操作（redo）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 515, 179, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 180, 529 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 180, 529 ], "type": "text", "content": "ZZ 用于存盘退出Vi", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 531, 190, 543 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 192, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 192, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "ZQ用于不存盘退出Vi", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 547, 142, 559 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 145, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 145, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "Insert 模式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 561, 499, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 500, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 562, 500, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 Normal 模式下输入插入命令i、附加命令a 、打开命令o、修改命令c、取代命令r 或", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 265, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 577, 265, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "替换命令 s 等都可以进入 Insert 模式。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 592, 504, 622 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 505, 607 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 593, 505, 607 ], "type": "text", "content": "在该模式下，用户输入的任何字符都被vim当做文件内容保存起来，并将其显示在屏幕上。", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 610, 377, 621 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 610, 377, 621 ], "type": "text", "content": "在文本输入过程中，若想回到Normal模式下，按Esc 键即可。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 624, 165, 637 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 623, 166, 640 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 623, 166, 640 ], "type": "text", "content": "Command 模式", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 640, 504, 668 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 505, 654 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 505, 654 ], "type": "text", "content": "Normal 模式下，用户按冒号“:” 即可进入 Command 模式，此时vim 会在显示窗口的最", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 490, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 490, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "后一行 (屏幕的最后一行) 显示一个 “:” 作为 Command 模式的提示符，等待输入命令。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 671, 330, 684 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 670, 330, 686 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 670, 330, 686 ], "type": "text", "content": "多数文件管理都是在此模式下执行的 (如保存文件等)", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 687, 483, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 686, 484, 702 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 686, 484, 702 ], "type": "text", "content": "Command 模式中所有的命令都必须按 <回车>后执行，命令执行完后，vim 自动回到", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 156, 717 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 702, 156, 717 ], "type": "text", "content": "Normal 模式。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 717, 502, 746 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 717, 502, 730 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 717, 502, 730 ], "type": "text", "content": "若在 Command 模式下输入命令过程中改变了主意，可按Esc键，或用退格键将输入的命", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 734, 402, 747 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 734, 402, 747 ], "type": "text", "content": "令全部删除之后，再按一下退格键，即可使 vi 回到 Normal 模式下。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 749, 206, 761 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 750, 206, 762 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 750, 206, 762 ], "type": "text", "content": ":n1,n2 co n3 用于块复制", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 89 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 79, 205, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 207, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 207, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": ":n1,n2 m n3 用于块移动", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 227, 107 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 94, 227, 109 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 94, 132, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": ":n1,n2 d", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 172, 94, 227, 109 ], "type": "text", "content": "用于块删除", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 111, 255, 122 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 110, 257, 124 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 110, 257, 124 ], "type": "text", "content": ":w 保存当前编辑文件，但并不退出", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 126, 314, 137 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 125, 315, 140 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 125, 315, 140 ], "type": "text", "content": ":w newfile 存为另外一个名为 “newfile” 的文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 185, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 186, 155 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 142, 186, 155 ], "type": "text", "content": ":wq 用于存盘退出 Vi", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 158, 195, 169 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 196, 171 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 157, 196, 171 ], "type": "text", "content": ":q! 用于不存盘退出 Vi", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 244, 185 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 173, 245, 185 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 173, 245, 185 ], "type": "text", "content": ":q 用于直接退出Vi （未做修改）", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 144, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 145, 201 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 145, 201 ], "type": "text", "content": "设置vi环境", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 177, 216 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 178, 218 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 178, 218 ], "type": "text", "content": "配置文件 ~/.vimrc", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 220, 205, 231 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 205, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 205, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": ":set 显示设置的所有选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 239, 247 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 240, 248 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 235, 240, 248 ], "type": "text", "content": ":set all 显示所有可以设置的选项", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 266, 277, 278 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 265, 279, 280 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 265, 279, 280 ], "type": "text", "content": ":set autoindent 缩进,常用于程序的编写", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 222, 294 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 223, 295 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 282, 223, 295 ], "type": "text", "content": ":set noautoindent 取消缩进", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 312, 368, 325 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 311, 370, 327 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 311, 370, 327 ], "type": "text", "content": "显示隐藏行号 :set number/nonumber 简化:set nu/nonu", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 328, 274, 340 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 274, 342 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 327, 109, 342 ], "type": "text", "content": "设置", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 110, 329, 123, 339 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "> >", "score": 0.83 }, { "bbox": [ 123, 327, 132, 342 ], "type": "text", "content": "和", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 132, 329, 145, 339 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "< <", "score": 0.8 }, { "bbox": [ 146, 327, 260, 342 ], "type": "text", "content": "缩进数量 :set shiftwidth", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 260, 329, 274, 340 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "^ { = 4 }", "score": 0.67 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 344, 236, 356 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 238, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 238, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "状态栏标尺 :set ruler/noruler", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 360, 270, 371 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 359, 271, 374 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 359, 271, 374 ], "type": "text", "content": "自动保存 :set autowrite/noautowrite", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 375, 285, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 286, 391 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 374, 286, 391 ], "type": "text", "content": "指示当前行 :set cursorline/nocursorline", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 391, 304, 403 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 389, 305, 406 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 389, 192, 406 ], "type": "text", "content": "语法高亮 :set syntax", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 192, 392, 213, 403 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "\\mathtt { . } { } = \\mathtt { o n }", "score": 0.7 }, { "bbox": [ 213, 389, 305, 406 ], "type": "text", "content": "或 :syntax on/off", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 407, 207, 418 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 405, 208, 421 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 405, 193, 421 ], "type": "text", "content": "Tab 宽度 :set tabstop", "score": 1.0 }, { "bbox": [ 194, 407, 208, 418 ], "type": "inline_equation", "content": "^ { - 4 }", "score": 0.65 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 423, 132, 433 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 20, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 133, 436 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 422, 133, 436 ], "type": "text", "content": "配色方案", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 438, 278, 449 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 437, 280, 451 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 437, 280, 451 ], "type": "text", "content": ":colorscheme #显示当前配色方案名称", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 285, 465 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 22, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 286, 466 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 454, 286, 466 ], "type": "text", "content": ":colorscheme 方案名称 #设置配置方案", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 234, 482 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 466, 235, 486 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 466, 235, 486 ], "type": "text", "content": "例： :colorscheme murphy", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 95, 485, 312, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 482, 313, 499 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 96, 482, 313, 499 ], "type": "text", "content": "配色方案位置：/usr/share/vim/vim74/colors", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 501, 131, 512 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 498, 132, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 498, 132, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "vim插件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 205, 527 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 207, 529 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 207, 529 ], "type": "text", "content": "插件目录 ~/.vim/bundle", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 532, 255, 543 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 257, 545 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 257, 545 ], "type": "text", "content": "Vundle 插件管理器——vim bundle", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 547, 288, 560 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 290, 561 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 545, 290, 561 ], "type": "text", "content": "在 github 上下载到 ~/.vim/bundle 目录中", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 563, 359, 576 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 361, 578 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 560, 361, 578 ], "type": "text", "content": "git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 578, 164, 590 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 576, 165, 592 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 576, 165, 592 ], "type": "text", "content": "修改.vimrc 文件", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 593, 154, 606 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 155, 608 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 592, 155, 608 ], "type": "text", "content": ":PluginInstall", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 132, 652 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 133, 655 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 640, 133, 655 ], "type": "text", "content": "应用管理", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 655, 205, 667 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 655, 207, 669 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 655, 207, 669 ], "type": "text", "content": "浏览WEB网页的过程为：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 284, 683 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 286, 686 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 671, 286, 686 ], "type": "text", "content": "服务器端开启 WEB 服务始终侦听 80 端口；", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 687, 498, 714 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 35, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 499, 700 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 687, 499, 700 ], "type": "text", "content": "客户端主机根据本地设置的DNS服务器，首先查询网址的IP地址，查到网站服务器的IP", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 703, 253, 715 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 703, 253, 715 ], "type": "text", "content": "地址后，向其发送浏览网页的申请；", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 718, 502, 745 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 36, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 719, 502, 729 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 719, 502, 729 ], "type": "text", "content": "当服务器收到浏览网页的申请时，WEB服务分配一个进程负责对这个申请进行应答，同时", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 734, 279, 746 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 734, 279, 746 ], "type": "text", "content": "继续侦听80端口，准备处理其他的申请；", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 749, 498, 761 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 37, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 748, 498, 763 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 748, 498, 763 ], "type": "text", "content": "根据申请的要求，WEB服务到网页所保存的目录中去查找需要浏览的内容，由WEB服务", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 90 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 79, 189, 91 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 189, 92 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 79, 189, 92 ], "type": "text", "content": "将内容发送给客户端。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 95, 498, 137 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 498, 107 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 95, 498, 107 ], "type": "text", "content": "APACHE是被广泛应用的Web服务器。对于Linux用户来说，也是最容易使用的Web服", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 496, 123 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 111, 496, 123 ], "type": "text", "content": "务器，如果仅仅是想用APACHE提供基本的Web页面服务，可能根本不需要调整任何配", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 124, 108, 141 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 124, 108, 141 ], "type": "text", "content": "置。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 141, 126, 153 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 127, 155 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 141, 127, 155 ], "type": "text", "content": "LANMP", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 157, 261, 170 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 263, 172 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 156, 263, 172 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux+Nginx+Apache+MySQL+PHP", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 173, 119, 184 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 172, 120, 186 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 87, 172, 120, 186 ], "type": "text", "content": "LAMP", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 188, 218, 200 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 187, 220, 204 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 187, 220, 204 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux+Nginx+MySQL+PHP", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 204, 120, 215 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 121, 217 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 203, 121, 217 ], "type": "text", "content": "LNMP", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 219, 226, 232 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 218, 226, 233 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 218, 226, 233 ], "type": "text", "content": "Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 88, 233, 383, 377 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 233, 383, 377 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 233, 383, 377 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 233, 383, 377 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "7d7c1d208f59f8dd23a73e63addb2f7ed07553479e8366087eb1b6168fca6240.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 8, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 8 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 406, 292, 419 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 293, 421 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 406, 293, 421 ], "type": "text", "content": "安装好 Apache 服务后，不用配置就可启动。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 422, 498, 450 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 422, 499, 436 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 422, 499, 436 ], "type": "text", "content": "启动后在客户端浏览器地址栏输入 apache 服务器的 IP 地址，检查是否可以看到 Apache", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 480, 450 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 438, 480, 450 ], "type": "text", "content": "的测试页，如果能看到说明安装是成功的。如IP地址为127.0.0.1，测试页如图所示。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 453, 434, 466 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 453, 435, 468 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 453, 435, 468 ], "type": "text", "content": "或者直接在 apache 服务器主机的浏览器地址栏输入“localhost”进行测试。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 151, 481 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 467, 152, 483 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 467, 152, 483 ], "type": "text", "content": "模块 Module", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 190, 497 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 191, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 484, 191, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "apache支持模块支持", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 268, 512 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 269, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 269, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "在服务器核心中只包含了最基本的功能", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 515, 293, 528 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 294, 529 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 516, 294, 529 ], "type": "text", "content": "扩展的功能可以模块的形式加载到服务器中。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 531, 152, 542 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 16, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 153, 544 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 530, 153, 544 ], "type": "text", "content": "LoadModule", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 240, 559 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 242, 560 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 546, 242, 560 ], "type": "text", "content": "查看已编译进去了哪些基本模块，", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 563, 150, 575 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 18, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 561, 152, 576 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 561, 152, 576 ], "type": "text", "content": "#apachectl -", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 91 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 118, 276, 149 ], "type": "title", "angle": 0, "index": 1, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 116, 280, 153 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 116, 280, 153 ], "type": "text", "content": "容器Container", "score": 0.999 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 93, 174, 506, 228 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 174, 338, 190 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 171, 339, 191 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 171, 339, 191 ], "type": "text", "content": "· 成对出现，如和;", "score": 0.976 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 93, 193, 506, 210 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 193, 506, 211 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 94, 193, 506, 211 ], "type": "text", "content": "·指令放在容器中，限制了其使用范围。所处容器不同，指令适用范围也不同", "score": 0.998 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 94, 212, 348, 228 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 211, 348, 228 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 92, 211, 348, 228 ], "type": "text", "content": "·第1类，If开头。当满足条件时，才执行指令。", "score": 0.994 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 117, 232, 201, 243 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 231, 202, 243 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 231, 202, 243 ], "type": "text", "content": " = 2.1>", "score": 0.928 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 136, 243, 326, 254 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 135, 243, 326, 255 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 135, 243, 326, 255 ], "type": "text", "content": " #this happens only in versions greater or", "score": 0.977 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 136, 254, 200, 264 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 8, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 135, 253, 201, 265 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 135, 253, 201, 265 ], "type": "text", "content": "# equal 2.1.0.", "score": 0.974 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 117, 264, 176, 275 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 9, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 263, 177, 275 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 263, 177, 275 ], "type": "text", "content": "", "score": 0.899 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 93, 291, 507, 307 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 10, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 290, 508, 308 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 93, 290, 508, 308 ], "type": "text", "content": "·第2类，应用于filesystem/webspace。指令应用于指定的文件系统或URL", "score": 0.986 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 510, 132, 593, 304 ], "type": "list", "angle": 0, "index": 23, "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 510, 132, 574, 143 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 11, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 509, 131, 576, 145 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 509, 131, 576, 145 ], "type": "text", "content": "□", "score": 0.929 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 510, 146, 578, 158 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 12, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 509, 144, 580, 160 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 509, 144, 580, 160 ], "type": "text", "content": "□", "score": 0.95 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 510, 161, 580, 174 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 13, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 508, 158, 581, 175 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 508, 158, 581, 175 ], "type": "text", "content": "□", "score": 0.943 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 510, 175, 581, 189 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 14, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 509, 174, 582, 190 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 509, 174, 582, 190 ], "type": "text", "content": "-", "score": 0.944 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 510, 190, 593, 203 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 15, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 509, 188, 595, 205 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 509, 188, 595, 205 ], "type": "text", "content": "□", "score": 0.933 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 510, 219, 592, 231 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 17, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 509, 218, 592, 232 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 509, 218, 592, 232 ], "type": "text", "content": "□", "score": 0.926 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 510, 248, 593, 261 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 19, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 508, 248, 595, 262 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 508, 248, 595, 262 ], "type": "text", "content": "□", "score": 0.92 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 510, 278, 593, 290 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 21, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 509, 276, 595, 292 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 509, 276, 595, 292 ], "type": "text", "content": "o", "score": 0.956 } ] } ] } ], "sub_type": "text" }, { "bbox": [ 117, 322, 240, 333 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 24, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 321, 241, 334 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 321, 241, 334 ], "type": "text", "content": " ", "score": 0.978 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 119, 333, 201, 343 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 25, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 117, 331, 202, 344 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 117, 331, 202, 344 ], "type": "text", "content": " Options +Indexes", "score": 0.935 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 119, 343, 180, 355 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 26, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 341, 182, 357 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 116, 341, 182, 357 ], "type": "text", "content": "", "score": 0.99 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 268, 322, 359, 333 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 27, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 267, 321, 361, 334 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 267, 321, 361, 334 ], "type": "text", "content": " ", "score": 0.978 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 268, 333, 352, 344 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 28, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 266, 330, 353, 346 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 266, 330, 353, 346 ], "type": "text", "content": "Order allow,deny", "score": 0.972 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 268, 344, 334, 355 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 29, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 266, 342, 336, 356 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 266, 342, 336, 356 ], "type": "text", "content": "Deny from all", "score": 0.983 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 265, 355, 302, 364 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 30, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 264, 354, 304, 364 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 264, 354, 304, 364 ], "type": "text", "content": "", "score": 0.95 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 402, 321, 524, 333 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 31, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 401, 320, 525, 334 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 401, 320, 525, 334 ], "type": "text", "content": " ", "score": 0.973 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 411, 333, 500, 343 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 32, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 410, 333, 501, 344 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 410, 333, 501, 344 ], "type": "text", "content": "", "score": 0.972 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 415, 343, 496, 354 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 33, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 414, 341, 498, 356 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 414, 341, 498, 356 ], "type": "text", "content": " Order allow,deny", "score": 0.956 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 415, 355, 477, 364 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 34, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 413, 354, 478, 366 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 413, 354, 478, 366 ], "type": "text", "content": "Deny from all", "score": 0.994 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 108, 390, 458, 404 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 35, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 110, 390, 458, 405 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 110, 390, 458, 405 ], "type": "text", "content": "虚拟主机概念：在同一台主机上，使用不同的配置文件，来配置不同的站点", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 89, 411, 318, 661 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 411, 318, 661 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 411, 318, 661 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 411, 318, 661 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "04ad62d5c5b02cc4a4abe906d01271ba945e3306a7b217373d42361c6455d494.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 36, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 36 } ], "discarded_blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 182, 92 ], "type": "header", "angle": 0, "index": 0, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 77, 183, 94 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 77, 183, 94 ], "type": "text", "content": "#/usr/sbin/httpd -l", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 92 }, { "para_blocks": [ { "type": "image", "bbox": [ 91, 100, 436, 303 ], "blocks": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 79, 142, 93 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 77, 142, 96 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 77, 142, 96 ], "type": "text", "content": "代理 Proxy", "score": 1.0 } ] } ], "index": 0, "angle": 0, "type": "image_caption" }, { "bbox": [ 91, 100, 436, 303 ], "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 100, 436, 303 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 91, 100, 436, 303 ], "type": "image", "image_path": "5b6b661017cc61fb721a1dbcd76bef24159f724cf65da5a4c303c1a6b79dc03e.jpg" } ] } ], "index": 1, "angle": 0, "type": "image_body" } ], "index": 1 }, { "bbox": [ 86, 343, 440, 373 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 2, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 442, 359 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 343, 442, 359 ], "type": "text", "content": "为了限制指令的有效范围，可使用, , ,", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 396, 373 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 359, 396, 373 ], "type": "text", "content": ", , , 等。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 375, 232, 387 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 3, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 232, 389 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 375, 232, 389 ], "type": "text", "content": "指令的有效范围分为几种类型：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 391, 476, 417 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 4, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 389, 477, 407 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 86, 389, 477, 407 ], "type": "text", "content": "server config：用于配置文件 httpd.conf ，不用于 及文", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 405, 152, 422 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 405, 152, 422 ], "type": "text", "content": "件.htaccess。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 423, 224, 434 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 5, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 421, 224, 436 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 421, 224, 436 ], "type": "text", "content": "virtual host：", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 87, 438, 367, 451 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 6, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 368, 454 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 436, 368, 454 ], "type": "text", "content": "directory：, , , and ", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] }, { "bbox": [ 86, 453, 504, 513 ], "type": "text", "angle": 0, "index": 7, "lines": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 494, 466 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 454, 494, 466 ], "type": "text", "content": ".htaccess ：放置在文件.htaccess 中的指令应用范围为该目录（放置.htaccess 文件的目", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 505, 482 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 469, 505, 482 ], "type": "text", "content": "录）下所有的文件和子目录。.htaccess文件被改变后会立即生效，因为每次请求都会读取", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 463, 497 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 89, 485, 463, 497 ], "type": "text", "content": "该文件。可进一步控制哪些指令能放置在.htaccess文件中（即哪些指令允许放置", "score": 1.0 } ] }, { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 395, 513 ], "spans": [ { "bbox": [ 88, 500, 395, 513 ], "type": "text", "content": "在.htaccess 文件中，并覆盖原来的值），用 AllowOverride 控制。", "score": 1.0 } ] } ] } ], "discarded_blocks": [], "page_size": [ 595, 841 ], "page_idx": 93 } ], "_backend": "hybrid", "_ocr_enable": false, "_vlm_ocr_enable": false, "_version_name": "2.7.6" }